What Is a Transistor Array?

Graphene transistor is the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics that brought graphene to people's attention. In 2004, Professor Andre Heim and Konstantin Novoselov of University of Manchester in the United Kingdom stripped graphene from graphite flakes in a very simple way, for which they also won the 2010 award. Nobel Prize in Physics.

Graphene transistor

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Graphene transistor is the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics that brought graphene to people's attention. In 2004, Professor Andre Heim and Konstantin Novoselov of University of Manchester in the United Kingdom stripped graphene from graphite flakes in a very simple way, for which they also won the 2010 award. Nobel Prize in Physics.

Graphene is a two-dimensional crystal. Carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagon and connected to each other to form a carbon molecule. Its structure is very stable. As the number of connected carbon atoms continues to increase, this two-dimensional carbon molecule As the plane expands, so does the molecule. A single layer of graphene has a thickness of only one carbon atom, that is, 0.335 nanometers, which is equivalent to one-thousandth of the thickness of a hair. There are almost 1.5 million layers of graphene in 1 millimeter of graphite. Graphene is the thinnest material known, and has the advantages of extremely high specific surface area, super electrical conductivity and strength.

Chinese name

Graphene transistor

Related events

2010 Nobel Prize in Physics

inventor

Andre Heim

Features

Extremely high specific surface area and superior electrical conductivity

The processing limit of silicon materials is generally considered to be a 10 nanometer line width. Constrained by physical principles, it is unlikely to produce products with stable performance and higher integration after 10 nanometers. However, the new transistor invented by British scientists will extend the life of Moore's Law. The transistor is expected to bring breakthroughs in the development of new ultra-high-speed computer chips. It is worth mentioning that the main developers of the world's smallest transistors were also those who developed graphene in 2004. They are Professor Andre Geim and Professor of Andre Researcher Kostya Novoselov. It was because of the development of graphene that they were nominated for the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics.

The world s smallest transistor, developed by British scientists led by the two, is only 1 atom thick and 10 atoms wide. The material used is graphene composed of a single atomic layer. Graphene, as a new type of semiconductor material, has received widespread attention in the scientific community in recent years. British scientists use a standard transistor process to first etch a channel with an electron beam on a single-layer graphite film. Then, electrons are sealed in the remaining central part called "island" to form quantum dots.

The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics brought graphene to people's attention. In 2004, Professor Andre Heim and Konstantin Novoselov of University of Manchester in the United Kingdom stripped graphene from graphite flakes in a very simple way, and they were also awarded 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Graphene is a two-dimensional crystal. Carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagon and connected to each other to form a carbon molecule. Its structure is very stable. As the number of connected carbon atoms increases, this two-dimensional carbon molecule As the plane expands, so does the molecule. A single layer of graphene has a thickness of only one carbon atom, that is, 0.335 nanometers, which is equivalent to one-thousandth of the thickness of a hair. There are almost 1.5 million layers of graphene in 1 millimeter of graphite. Graphene is the thinnest material known, and has the advantages of extremely high specific surface area, super electrical conductivity and strength.

Super physical properties

Graphene is the thinnest material currently known. A single layer of graphene has a thickness of only one carbon atom. This thickness of graphene has many characteristics that graphite does not have.

Extremely conductive: The electrons in graphene have no mass, and the speed of electrons exceeds the speed of movement in other metal monomers or semiconductors, which can reach 1/300 of the speed of light. Because of this, graphene has a super strong Electrical conductivity.

Ultra-high strength: Graphite is the softest of minerals. Its Mohs hardness is only 1-2, but after being separated into a graphene with a thickness of carbon atoms, the performance will change suddenly, and its hardness will be 10 than Mohs hardness. The diamond is high, but it has good toughness and can be bent. (Note: physical common sense, the higher the hardness, the more brittle the material. For example, glass, corundum and diamond, it is very easy to break. The original text is wrong here, please pay attention.)

Large specific surface area: Because the thickness of graphene is only one carbon atom thick, that is, 0.335 nanometers, graphene has a large specific surface area. The specific surface area of an ideal single-layer graphene can reach 2630m2 / g, while the specific surface area of ordinary activated carbon At 1500m2 / g, the large specific surface area makes graphene a potential energy storage material.

At present, the main preparation methods include micromechanical peeling method, epitaxial growth method, graphite oxide reduction method, and vapor deposition method. Among them, the graphite oxide reduction method is better than the relatively low production cost, and is the main preparation method at present.

Graphene's good electrical conductivity and light transmission properties make it a very good prospect for transparent conductive electrodes. Touch screens, liquid crystal displays, organic photovoltaic cells, organic light emitting diodes, etc. all require good transparent conductive electrode materials. In particular, the mechanical strength and flexibility of graphene are better than those of indium tin oxide, which is a commonly used material; indium tin oxide is relatively brittle and is relatively easy to damage. Graphene films in solution can be deposited over large areas. By chemical vapor deposition, large-area, continuous, transparent, high-conductivity, few-layer graphene films can be made. It is mainly used for the anode of photovoltaic devices and achieves energy conversion efficiency of up to 1.71%; with indium tin oxide Compared with the fabricated element, its energy conversion efficiency is about 55.2%. As an emerging industry. The future of graphene is bright.

Graphene's special structural form makes it possess the hardest and thinnest features in the world, and also has strong toughness, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. These and its special characteristics make it have tremendous development space, and it can be applied to a large number of fields such as electronics, aerospace, optics, energy storage, biomedicine, daily life and so on.