What Is the Consumer Electronics Industry?

Consumer electronics in English refers to electronic products for daily consumer life. Consumer electronics are manufactured all over the world. Due to the low cost advantages of mainland China, production is relatively concentrated.

Consumer Electronics

Consumer electronics in English refers to electronic products for daily consumer life. Consumer electronics are manufactured all over the world. Due to the low cost advantages of mainland China, production is relatively concentrated.

Chinese name

Consumer Electronics

Foreign name

Consumer electronics

Function

Refers to electronic products for daily use

Features

Increased automation

Use

Personal and family related to radio and television

Consumer electronics products have different connotations in countries with different levels of development, and different connotations in different stages of development in the same country.

China's consumer electronics products refer to audio and video products related to broadcasting and television for personal and home use. They mainly include televisions, video players (VCD, SVCD, DVD), video recorders, camcorders, radios, recorders, combinations Audio, record player, CD player, etc. In some developed countries, phones, personal computers, home office equipment, home electronic health equipment, and automotive electronics are also included in consumer electronics. With the development of technology and the emergence of new products and applications, digital cameras, mobile phones, PDAs and other products have also become emerging consumer electronics. Since the late 1990s, information appliances that have integrated the three major fields of computers, information and communications, and consumer electronics have begun to penetrate the family life extensively. It has functions such as audiovisual, information processing, and two-way network communication.

Electronic technology is an emerging technology that began to develop in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The 20th century has been the fastest-growing and most widely used, and has become an important symbol of modern science and technology development.

The first generation of electronic products

Radar and wireless navigation

Electronic component

Communication Products

Due to technical and product function needs, some

Development prospects of consumer electronics

The size and prospects of the education electronics industry have always been the focus of attention within the industry. In recent years, it is generally considered that there are only billions of market-scale electronic dictionaries, PDAs, and other educational electronics industries. With the update of technology and the advent of the digital age, it has attracted more consumers, and the market size has expanded to about 20 billion. There are 500 million people in China who need to learn English. Taking a purchase rate of 5% as an example, it will reach 25 million units sold, calculated at an average price of 800 yuan per unit (the average price of electronic dictionary and digital learning machine selling price). The market size will reach 20 billion. The development speed of the education electronics industry is rapid. Taking Noah's boat sales as an example, in 2004, Noah's sales soared from 110,000 in 2000 to 2 million. From another perspective, the data shows that in the big English industry, books and audio-visual products such as tapes and VCDs have about 35 billion sales each year, and English training can also create 12 billion "brilliant records" each year. Since 2004, educational electronics have gradually replaced the functions assumed by books, audiovisual materials, and training through technology upgrades, and have begun to divide the cake of traditional industries.

Consumer Electronics Emerging Industries

After the education electronics industry will become a mobile phone, dairy product, and automotive lubricants, China is another fast-growing industry that quickly builds national brands and expands market capacity through communication. The rapid rise and development of this industry has attracted the attention of all sectors of society. As an emerging industry, how to expand the education electronics industry together and do a good job in this market has become a hot topic of common concern and discussion in all sectors of society. However, it is undeniable that, under the overheating of some representative manufacturers, the industry has suffered from dwarfism and has not fully grown yet, but it has exposed the signs of premature aging. In the marketing of products such as Memorable Stars, E Percent, and Noah's Boat, all of them have adopted the "intimidation + lure" health care method to capture parents. Although they have achieved brilliant results in a short period of time, they have also buried them. Hidden dangers of market failure. At present, the sales volume of Hear Memorable Star in some key cities has shown a clear downward trend, and operating risks are approaching. The learning machine industry is like the home appliance market a few years ago. Fighting advertising, comparing concepts, killing prices, and grabbing terminals, staged a vigorous hand-to-hand battle: old brands are fighting advertising battles in order to seize the market. . As consumers gradually become more rational, it is foreseeable that starting from this year, the focus of digital learning machine market competition will gradually return to more original product and service innovation. As a result, brands have begun to make more rational strategic adjustments, and front-line brands have established barriers to entry, with the intention of cleaning up the market. The development of the learning machine industry to a certain extent, shuffling is a rule and an inevitable. At present, the entire industry is still in the Warring States Period. The brands are mixed, the good and bad are mixed, and the portal needs to be cleaned up urgently. The learning machine industry will be reshuffled. Those brands with weak strength and muddy waters are destined to be eliminated.

Environmental conditions for consumer electronics

Comprehensive environment

During the storage, transportation and use of electronic products, they are often affected by various harmful effects of the surrounding environment, such as affecting the working performance, reliability and life of electronic products. Environmental factors that affect electronic products are: temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation, rain, wind, snow, dust and sand, salt spray, corrosive gases, mold, insects and other harmful animals, vibration, shock, earthquake, Impact, centrifugal acceleration, acoustic vibration, sway, electromagnetic interference and lightning.

The study of environmental factors mainly solves two basic problems: how to obtain objective data of these environmental factors; how to deal with these data. Data on objective environmental factors can usually be obtained in part from meteorological and environmental protection departments, but more must be obtained through actual measurement. For the measured data to be both reliable and typical, in addition to the need for a sound survey and test plan, instruments must be available that can record continuously, quickly, and at multiple points. If the obtained objective environmental data has a sufficient recording time, statistical analysis can be performed according to the frequency of occurrence. For products that require special reliability, extreme values of objective environmental data, or even statistically inferred extreme values, can be used to ensure that the product is foolproof in use. For products that require high reliability, a value of 1% for objective environmental data can be taken. For products with general requirements, a value of 5%, or even 10%, of the objective environment may be taken. If the objective environmental data recording time is not long enough, it is necessary to use mathematical statistics knowledge to process it. For example, the measured data of microclimate surveys can be extended by correlation methods to calculate data that may exist in history; for example, the measured survey data of mechanical vibrations can be calculated using the envelope method, power spectrum analysis method, or time series modeling method. The probability of this kind of probability value, and then take the required data according to the degree of product reliability requirements.

Climate environment

The test severity levels usually used are: Temperature (): -80, -65, -55, -40, -25, -15, -5, +5, +15, +20, +25, +30 , +40, +55, +60, +70, +85, +100, +125, +155, +200; Temperature change rate (° C / min): 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, temperature change Rate ( / s): 1, 5; Relative humidity (%): 10, 50, 75, 90; Pressure (mbar): 300,000, 50000, 10000, 5000, 2000, 1300, 1060, 840, 700 , 530, 300, 200; Pressure change rate (millibars / second): 1, 10; Relative moving speed of the surrounding medium (water, air, etc.) and the product (meters / second): 0.5, 1, 3, 5 , 10, 30, 50; Rainfall (mm / s): 0.3, 1, 2, 3, 6, 15.

Biological environment

Including molds, insects and animals.

Mold: The strains most harmful to electronic products are Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Paecilomyces sp Mildew, Aspergillus heterozygous, Trichoderma sphaeroides, etc. The optimum germination temperature of these molds is 20-30 ° C, and the corresponding relative humidity is 80% -90%.

Insects: Insects that are most harmful to electronic products include termites, tapeworms, wood bees, cockroaches, etc., especially in tropical areas.

Animals: The animals that are most harmful to electronic products are rats, snakes, birds, etc., especially in tropical regions.

Electrical environment

Thunder and thunder: Frequent thunderstorms in wet tropical areas, such as the annual thunderstorm day in Bogor City, Java, Indonesia (that is, the number of days when thunderstorms or thunderstorms occur) reach 322 days. The lightning pulse waveform generated by lightning is shown in the figure. The principle of determining T 1 and T 2 in the picture is: for electronic equipment connected to the open wire, it is appropriate to use T 1 = 4 microseconds and T 2 = 300 microseconds for testing; for electronic equipment connected to cables, T 1 = 10 microseconds, T 2 = 700 microseconds; for electronic equipment connected to rails or similar conductors, T 1 = 10 microseconds and T 2 = 200 microseconds should be used; for counterattacks caused by direct lightning, T 1 = 1.2 microseconds, T 2 = 50 microseconds. During the test, the commonly used voltage levels (kV) are: 1.5, 4, 5, and 6.5. The electromagnetic field of electrical equipment and the electromagnetic field generated by the ignition system of motor vehicles. The frequency range of 40 to 1000 MHz measured at 10 meters from the interference source is 40 dB (microvolts / meter). The interference voltage generated by electrical appliances with motors is 66 dB (microvolts) in the range of 0.15 to 30 MHz; 55 dB (microvolts) in the range of 30 to 300 MHz. When the motor power increases, the interference voltage will also increase. The electromagnetic field generated by high-frequency equipment has a field strength in the range of 0.15 to 1000 MHz measured at a distance of 100 meters from the interference source of 34 to 54 decibels (microvolts / meter).

Other environment

This refers to the environmental conditions of mechanically active substances. Sand blowing occurs in hot desert areas, sandy seashore areas, and arid inland areas. Under normal circumstances, the diameter of sand particles is 0.01 to 0.1 mm, and the average diameter of sand particles in sandy desert areas is 0.18 to 0.30 mm. Dust blowing mainly occurs in industrial soot areas and dry wind areas. The average diameter of the dust is between 0.0001 and 0.01 mm. In extreme cases of dust, the concentration can reach 6 × 10-9 g / cm3. Sand blowing and dust blowing mostly occur in weather conditions with high temperature and low relative humidity. The commonly used test severity levels are: sand (g / cm3): 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10; dust (mg / m2 · hour): 1, 3, 10, 30 . Environmental conditions of chemically active substances Salt spray: Chloride liquid particles suspended in the air are called salt spray. The salt fog can go from sea to 30-50 kilometers along the coast with wind. Sedimentation on ships and islands can reach more than 5 ml / cm2 per day. The severity levels (ml / cm2 · h) commonly used in the tests are: 1, 3, 5, 10. Ozone: Ozone has a harmful effect on electronic products. The commonly used test severity levels (mg / m3) are: 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30. Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, nitrogen and oxides: In the chemical industry sector, including production sites of mines, fertilizers, medicines, rubber, etc., the air contains many corrosive gases, and its main components are sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, Nitrogen oxides, etc. These substances can form acidic and alkaline gases under humid conditions and damage various electronic products. The severity levels (mg / m3) commonly used in the tests are 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300. Mechanical environmental conditions Drop: Electronic products will fall due to careless use and transportation. The severity levels (meters) used in the tests are usually 0.025, 0.050, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0. Swing: During the use and transportation of electronic products, the electronic products must withstand the sway motion of the ship. The severity level (degrees / 6 seconds) used for testing is usually ± 5, ± 10, ± 25, 45. Constant acceleration: Electronic products will experience constant acceleration forces during use and transportation. The test severity levels (meters / second2) commonly used are: 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000. Vibration: The actual vibration conditions are more complicated, it may be simple sinusoidal vibration, it may also be complicated random vibration, or it may even be sinusoidal vibration superimposed random vibration. Impact and collision: Electronic products are often damaged by impact during transportation and use. Noise: In high-noise places such as weaving workshops, large turbo-generator workshops, and ship main cabins, the noise can reach 90 to 100 decibels. When the jet engine is operating and the rocket is launched, the noise can reach 140 to 160 decibels. The commonly used test severity levels (dB) are 140 and 160.

Consumer electronics main direction

Reduce noise

With the increasing application of electronic technology, the reliability problems of electronic products have increasingly troubled maintenance personnel. There are many problems affecting the reliability of electronic products, among which noise is the most important aspect. The so-called noise is a general term for interference signals that cause bad effects on people or equipment. Such as: sound, image signals that cause unpleasant physical and mental feelings, signals that the machine is working incorrectly, etc. The attitude towards noise is the same as that of fire, and adequate measures must be taken in advance, otherwise it will cost money and time. In the design or trial production of electronic products, there must be ample tolerance for noise-free working conditions, which is the prerequisite for ensuring the reliability of the equipment.

Creating working conditions for the reliability of electronic products

Moisture in the insulating material of electronic products will reduce the insulation and generate leakage current to form noise. Therefore, the place where electronic products are stored or placed must be dry, have adequate moisture-proof measures, and avoid being placed at the high humidity or at the foot of the concrete wall.

Because the electrostatic effect of electronic products is easy to absorb dust, which causes the insulation of electronic components to decrease and the temperature to rise, electronic products must be cleaned and dusted frequently.

Oxidation, rust, and electrical resistance of metal parts of electronic components in contact with air can cause poor contact and noise. Protect rusted metal or welded areas with enamel. In addition, the acidic flux used in soldering will not corrode the metal part of the electronic component and will cause poor contact if it is not removed after use. Adequate anti-corrosion measures must be taken in locations with corrosive gases.

The environment where the equipment is located is prone to noise due to some kind of vibration or shock. For the installation or wiring of equipment components, there must be anti-shock and impact measures. Avoid sloppy and rough operation when using. Do not bump while handling.

Improve overhaul technology

For the maintenance of electronic product noise, first determine whether the fault is repaired or improved according to the noise of the electronic product or the abnormal working condition, and then find out the cause based on the fault. Once the normal electronic products generate noise, this is a obvious failure and needs to be repaired. However, the electronic products that are put into use have noise at the beginning. It is related to the environment, the use conditions and the performance of the equipment. This is not a maintenance area but a significant improvement problem. Maintenance is to find out the cause of noise, "headache, foot pain, foot pain" even if the task is completed, it is relatively simple. The improvement is to solve the family problem of noise completely from head to toe, which is the key problem. There are various causes of noise in electronic products. Some noise is caused by only one cause, and some noise is caused by a mixture of multiple causes. According to the noise source of electronic products, noise can be divided into: internal noise and external noise.

Power management

With the continuous development of CMOS technology to deep sub-micron, highly integrated circuits and significant progress in battery life have ushered in a new era of consumer electronics and opened up unlimited possibilities. To achieve high integration, we need to use advanced power and system management technologies to handle higher currents and lower system voltages in smaller packages, which further increases the requirements for thermal management. In addition, as more and more systems become portable, the importance of battery power is increasing. It must be able to monitor system performance, improve system efficiency, and extend battery life as much as possible. At the same time, regardless of the chemical characteristics of the battery, fast charging should be achieved. This is a new challenge for consumer electronics product developers. In order to meet the space size requirements of equipment miniaturization and meet the needs of function upgrades, power supply, battery management, and dedicated system functions all require highly integrated advanced solutions. These are major issues that should be solved in the successful development of consumer electronics system design .

Power management and power supply systems in consumer electronics applications are very advanced and complex. Traditionally, different system functions are considered, designed, and integrated separately, and power supply and management are usually considered later. In many cases, different voltage regulators are used. Depending on the number of product features, there may be as many as 10 or even 20 different voltage regulator components in the device. Such "power management" and power supply technology are expensive, inefficient, and occupy a large amount of board space. The above problems will hinder the realization of consumer electronics application goals. For portable product design engineers, a highly integrated digitally controlled power supply and battery management IC (PMIC) will become a vital part of a system-level development strategy for cutting-edge portable products.

For feature-rich portable applications, the key to extending battery life is designing efficient power circuits and enabling intelligent power management. This circuit is gradually developing from a simple and inefficient regulator circuit to a switching regulator component. This transition is particularly important for low-voltage applications, which is also the driving force for the consumer electronics market. Higher efficiency can be achieved with switching regulators, which is also welcomed by mechanical designers, as increased efficiency reduces heat dissipation requirements. At the same time, with the miniaturization of external filtering components, the packages required for the same features and functions have become smaller and smaller. However, switching power supplies do have their weaknesses, and pulse-width modulation (PWM), which is used to generate the required voltage (and power low-voltage components), always brings more noise to sensitive circuits. In addition, this topology reduces efficiency at light loads.

Another development in the field of consumer electronics applications is also remarkable, which is the adoption of "buck-down" voltage regulators. This regulator is needed for many battery-powered applications, because Li-ion battery-powered systems have VBATT voltage characteristics (see Figure 1), and because many IP blocks used in the application are 3.3V core logic devices. When VIN is greater than buck mode (VOUT), the "boost-buck" regulator functions as a linear regulator, but when VIN drops below a given threshold, it transitions to boost regulation Device.

Designed to support power management, an Application Specific Standard Product (ASSP) enables highly integrated and digitally programmable functions in the IC and helps shorten the system design process of the final product. The power management ASSP can easily implement the related functions. Without its help, we have to use custom application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or use multiple discrete devices with a single function. ASSP PMIC helps save system manufacturer time, and reduces resource consumption and opportunity costs, which in turn reduces printed circuit board (PCB) space footprint and system-level costs.

PMIC is a mixed-signal companion chip that works in conjunction with an application processor or controller IC. The application processor or controller can provide a large number of digital interfaces and software functions, while the PMIC can provide corresponding power supply, battery and reset management for corresponding consumer electronics applications. PMICs usually include a real-time clock and some wake-up functions to enable efficient system-level deep sleep. These features can be controlled by the host controller through inexpensive, industry-standard I2C serial interfaces with dedicated general-purpose input-output (GPIO) pins. Use an intelligent interrupt system to signal the host application processor or controller about numerous power management events. ^[1]