What is the interferometer Mach-Zhnder?
Interferometer Mach-Zhnder is a device that is used for accurate optical measurements. It can prove interference by distributing light beam and measuring phase shifts between the two. More than a century ago, the device was created by significant physics Ludwig Zehnder and Ludwig Mach. Interferometer Mach-Zhnder, versatile diagnostic tool, is used to illustrate examples of quantum physics, aerodynamics and physics in plasma. Air flows around aerodynamic structures and changes in temperature, pressure and density in gaseous media can be observed.
The basic components of the interferometer are a light source, two beam distribution, two mirrors and two detectors. Slopteter beam is most often half a mirror that lives part of the light beam and reflects the rest. The light from the light source, usually the laser, falls on the split of the beam, which cleaves the light into two rays of the same intensity. The beams travel in different directions and are attached to two mirrors. The phase of each light beam is changed by its contact withthe surface of the mirror.
rays are recombriciently in the second beam hub and the detectors help in studying phase differences in the light paths. The alternative arrangement has recombricted rays passing through a positive lens, causing the rays to focus at one point. If all reflecting surfaces are aligned in such a way that they are absolutely parallel, no interference fringes are produced when the rays are recombricient. However, if the angles of the mirror surfaces are slightly different, the recombated rays create disturbing edges. The interference marginal formula produced by Mach-Zhnder interferometer will display dark and clear lines that differ in intensity.
The device is very sensitive and can even act as an accurate thermometer. For example, a cell filled with water would be placed placed in the way of one of the divided beams, while another filled with air couldt placed in the second path. The refractive index of fluids, such as water, depends on the temperature, and if the water in the cell is experiencing a slight temperature change, the effect is observed in the resulting marginal pattern. It is possible to measure very slight changes in water temperature using an interferometer Mach-Zhnder.
It is important to have an understanding of optics using an interferometer Mach-Zhnder to perform accurate measurements. When the light falls to the surface, the reflective light moves exactly half the wavelength, if the material on the other side of the surface has a higher refractive index. If the refractive index of this material is lower, there is no change in the phase of the reflected beam. When light travels from one medium to another, there is no phase change, but the direction of the beam changes due to the quarry.
Mach-Zhnder interferometer can also be used to study gases refractive index and even control objects due to flatness. Measurement of optical inaccuracies on the board or surface can also be carried out by means of an interferometer. Some scientists also use an interferometer in APLIce with visualization of the flow using the technique of discrimination of light to observe changes.