What Are National Health Accounts?
The national economic accounting system is also called "macroeconomic accounting system". The theory, method and index system of national economic accounting. Under the guidance of certain economic theories, through the comprehensive application of statistics, accounting and mathematics, it systematically reflects the operation of the national economy and the production, distribution, exchange, and use of various links in the process of social reproduction and between the various sectors of the national economy. The internal connection between them provides the basis for national economic management. It is the macro accounting of the entire national economy, the overall accounting of the national economy, the core part of the macroeconomic information system, and the basis for macroeconomic management, regulation and decision-making. There are two major accounting systems in the world: the first is the National Account System (SNA) adopted by market economy countries; the second is the material product balance sheet system (MPS) commonly used by planned economy countries. The most fundamental difference between the two systems is the basic theory on which they are based. MPS emphasizes the concept of material production, and only uses the production of material products as the basis of production accounting; SNA uses the concept of comprehensive production, including the production of all products and services. China has made a smooth transition from MPS to SNA since 1992. The National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China formulated the China National Economic Accounting System (Trial Scheme), which was revised in 1999, and the China National Economic Accounting System (2002 ) ". [1]
National economic accounting system
- (1) Refers to the accounting standards and norms formulated by a state or international organization to unify national economic accounting. it
- Material product balance sheet system
- As an international standard, the national economic accounting system began to take shape in the 1950s.
- (1) In terms of accounting scope, MPS is limited to
- Accrual principle
- In national economic accounting, the recording time of various transactions is determined according to the accrual principle, that is, the time when transactions are recorded, transferred or cancelled. This principle applies to various transactions, including transactions within the same institutional sector. The accrual principle means that transactions are recorded when they actually occur, rather than when the corresponding income and payments occur.
- Valuation principle
- In national economic accounting, the recorded prices of various transactions, assets and liabilities are subject to the following rules. All transactions in which currency payment occurs are valued at the transaction price determined by both parties to the transaction, that is, the market price; no transaction in which currency payment occurs As the same
- Green National Economic System I. National economic accounting is an effective tool to reflect the operation of the national economy
- National economic accounting system
- National economic accounting is an important basis for macroeconomic management
- Macroeconomic management under the conditions of a socialist market economy mainly guides and coordinates the sustainable, healthy, stable, and rapid development of the national economy through planning, planning, and a series of macroeconomic policies. The systematic and detailed data provided by the National Accounts on the operation of the entire national economy is an important basis for formulating these plans, plans, and policies. If there is no basic data on production, income distribution, consumption, investment, foreign economic exchange, etc. provided by the national economic accounts, medium and long-term planning and annual plans, fiscal policies, financial policies, industrial policies, income distribution policies, foreign economic policies The formulation of a series of economic policies is unimaginable.
- 3. National economic accounting is a scientific method for formulating and testing national economic plans
- National economic plans and plans involve a series of macroeconomic indicators. The economic phenomena represented by these indicators are not isolated from each other, but have inherent economic links. In order to comply with the objective laws of economic development, the determination of the number of plans and planning indicators must also meet this internal connection. National economic accounting systematically reflects the internal relationship between related indicators, and is therefore a scientific method for formulating and testing national economic plans.
- 4. National economic accounting is an important basis for micro-decisions
- Under the conditions of a socialist market economy, enterprises and resident households need to make production, consumption, and investment decisions. National economic accounting is also one of their important decision bases. Whether the national economic accounting department can provide accurate and rich national economic accounting information directly affects their decision-making and the scientific nature of their decisions.
- V. National economic accounting affects China's economic and political interests
- National economic accounting data determines to a certain extent China's international obligations and preferential treatment, and the role China can play in the international community. For example, the United Nations determines a country's membership dues based on six consecutive years of gross national product and per capita gross national product; the World Bank determines per capita GDP to enjoy preferential treatment such as hard loans and soft loans; The International Monetary Fund determines a country's share in the fund based on factors such as GNP, gold and foreign exchange reserves, import and export, and the proportion of exports to GDP, and then determines the voting rights and allocation of funds in the fund. The share of the right of ownership and the share of borrowing from the fund.
- 6. National economic accounting affects the reputation of the party and government
- The data provided by the National Accounts on the operation of the national economy is not only an important basis for formulating new macroeconomic policies, but also a scientific means of testing past macroeconomic policies.
- 7. National economic accounting is the basic framework of economic statistics
- Different types of economic statistics must be built on a unified basic framework in order to show consistency with each other and to play an overall functional role. National economic accounting is such a basic framework, which puts forward unified requirements for the basic concepts, basic classifications and index settings of various types of economic statistics, so that these economic statistics can meet each other while meeting the requirements of national economic accounting The mutual connection of the economic statistics forms a unified whole and enhances its application function.
- National economic accounting is an important means of coordinating economic statistics
- If you look at each type of economic statistics in isolation, it is difficult to find the problems that exist in it and whether it is consistent with other types of economic statistics. When we put various types of economic statistics under the unified basic framework of national economic accounting, it is easy to find and solve problems and realize the interconnection between different types of economic statistics.