What Are the Characteristics of a Mixed Economy?

A mixed economy is an economic operating system in which various factors are mixed under a certain social system. From the perspective of the public-private mix, there is a public-private mix of production, income, and consumption; from the perspective of the role of the government in the economy, the government and the private have an effect on the economy at the same time; from the perspective of the market and planning within the scope of an economic system From the perspective of the market, the market mechanism is used to allocate resources and regulate economic operations. At the same time, it also uses planning as a means of regulation to predict, plan and guide macroeconomic activities, regulate the microeconomy, and guide the development direction of the market economy. ^[1]

Mixed economy

A mixed economy refers to an economy that has both market regulation and government intervention. In this kind of

"Mixed economy" is characterized by

This is described in the U.S. Economic Profile: from the 1980s to the 1990s, "

The mixed economy not only plays an active role in macroeconomic activities, but also

First, the mixed-ownership economy, with its "open" social financing mechanism, replaced the "closed" financing mechanism of "owner-owned" private enterprises and "sole-owned" state-owned or collective-owned enterprises, effectively overcoming "closed financing, self- Accumulation and loan expansion cannot meet the needs of market expansion and social development. The "development strategy" of enterprises not only greatly promotes the expansion of enterprises, but also greatly promotes the development of social productivity. Compared with private enterprises relying on their own investment and self-accumulation, state-owned enterprises rely on state investment and self-accumulation, and collective enterprises rely on collective investment and self-accumulation, there is no "identity limit" in financing for mixed-ownership enterprises, and they are free of "investment and accumulation capabilities" I have used a large amount of idle capital hidden in society for my use, which has provided a "broad world" for the mixed ownership economy to make a difference.

Mixed economy

For this benefit of the joint-stock system, Marx once highly praised: "Accumulation, that is, the gradual increase of capital caused by the circular motion to the spiral motion reproduction, is similar to the combination that only requires changing the amount of each component of social capital. Concentration comparison is a very slow process. If you have to wait for accumulation to increase certain individual capital to the extent that it can build railways, then I am afraid that there are no railways in the world today. However, the concentration of shares through the joint-stock company will quickly This matter was completed. "For the subsequent expansion of the shareholding system to other industrial sectors, Marx also pointed out that the use of the form of joint stock companies in industry" not only became a new and powerful lever for social accumulation ", but" they are the development of modern Strong lever of social productivity. " According to statistics, as of the end of 2002, there were 1,298 domestic and overseas listed companies (including A, B, and H shares), of which 1,223 were domestic listed companies and 75 were overseas listed companies. From 1998 to 2002, the domestic and overseas markets raised 609.4 billion yuan, accounting for 69.5% of the total funds raised.

Secondly, through the effective separation of "ownership" and "operational rights" and the construction of effective incentive and restraint mechanisms, the mixed ownership economy can overcome the "family management" of private enterprises and the "independence of government and enterprise" of state-owned and collective enterprises. The shortcomings of "lack of governance capacity" have realized the organic combination of "material resources" and "human capital" as two of the "most scarce resources", thereby improving the efficiency of corporate governance and promoting the healthy development of enterprises.

From the perspective of real economic life, on the one hand, private enterprises have gradually passed the "primitive accumulation" stage of development by guts and experience and accumulated considerable wealth, but due to the lack of their own knowledge and management capabilities, it is difficult for private enterprises to continue to develop Even if some enterprises have hired some well-trained business managers, they still cannot get rid of the "unlimited liability" and family-type intervention, and thus cannot effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of both the owner and the operator. It should be said that joint-stock enterprises with the basic characteristics of limited liability, "separation of two powers" and standardized "agent-agent relationship" can effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of both owners and operators. On the other hand, the shortcomings of state-owned and collective enterprises are even more obvious. Not only are the rights, responsibilities, and interests of their ownership subjects unclear, they have multiple administrations, but their operating rights subjects have a strong "administrative color." Therefore, it is even more difficult for state-owned and collective enterprises to achieve "the best use of their resources and the best use of their talents." Only by fundamentally transforming state-owned and collective enterprises into joint-stock systems and overcoming the disadvantages of the state-owned shares and collective-owned shares, can we ensure that capable operators can govern the enterprise, and thus ensure the value-added and appreciation of state-owned assets and collective property.

Third, the mixed ownership economy can take advantage of the "shareholding path" to achieve employee shareholding, resident shareholding, intellectual property rights, management capacity, and promote "integration of knowledge, labor, and capital", and "internally" mobilize all positive factors And then "let all the vitality of labor, knowledge, technology, management and capital rush forward, let all the sources that create social wealth fully flow", and promote the development of social productive forces to the greatest extent. Therefore, vigorously developing a mixed ownership economy based on the joint-stock system and joint-stock cooperative system is of great practical significance for accelerating China's economic development and achieving the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.