What Are the Different Types of Hygiene Services?

Public health service is a kind of service with low cost and good effect, but it is also a service with relatively long return period of social benefits. It has a certain gap with the general medical service. In order to be able to allocate public health resources fairly, efficiently, and reasonably, it must be clear what public health is. The American Urban and Rural Health Administrators Committee's definition of public health-public health is a science and art that prevents disease, prolongs human life, and promotes physical and mental health through evaluation, policy development, and safeguards.

Public health services

Since the reform and opening up, China has continuously strengthened the construction of public health service systems, and basically established a disease prevention and control system and emergency medical treatment system covering the urban and rural areas of the country. Under the correct leadership of the party and government, ensure that there are no major epidemics after major natural disasters. Major infectious diseases that seriously threaten people s health,

At present, "difficult to see and expensive to see a doctor" has become a prominent problem reflected by the masses, and has become an important issue concerning people's livelihood. In recent years, Jianghan District Party Committee and District Government have promoted basic medical security into the community from the height of building a harmonious society and accelerating the construction of a well-off society, effectively alleviating the problem of "difficult to see a doctor and expensive to see a doctor", which has caused the leaders of the Ministry of Health and provincial and municipal leaders As well as the high attention of related departments, Secretary Yu of the Provincial Party Committee made a special trip to Jianghan District to conduct a special survey, and the six media of the Central Committee conducted a joint interview report. Some time ago, the organization of the Jianghan District Party Committee Policy Research Office conducted an in-depth investigation on this, summarized the successful experience of Jianghan District Party Committee and District Government in promoting basic medical care into the community, objectively analyzed the existing problems, and promoted the advancement of basic medical care. The community undertook further exploration. This report is thorough and objective, and it is policy-oriented, effective, instructive, and operational.

Promoting basic medical care into the community is the basis for building a harmonious society and a major measure for building a well-off society in an all-round way. In the past three years, Jianghan District Party Committee and District Government have made efforts to seize the prominent problems of difficult to see a doctor and expensive to see a doctor and the strong reflection of the masses, vigorously promote basic medical security into the community, actively promote the reform of the medical and health system, and basically established supporting policies Community health service system framework with basic implementation, relatively complete service network, basic human resources allocation, relatively complete service functions, preliminary supervision and management, and social needs. The coverage rate of community health services is 100%. In 2005, it was named the only national community health service demonstration area in the province.

I. Main Practices of Jianghan District to Promote Basic Medical Security into Communities

(I) Clarify work ideas and promote basic medical security into the community

(2) Promote competition for all employees, but not support others

(3) Trial implementation of "medical separation", which really benefits the people

(4) Strengthening supervision, management and services, and establishing a community health service management mechanism

(5) Implement "five exemptions and six reductions" and medical assistance to implement medical benefits to the people

(6) Provide financial support to ensure that the community health service center performs its functions normally

Measures and measures to promote basic medical care into the community

(1) Adhere to the principle of community health services based on public welfare.

(2) Take strong measures to further improve the level of community health services.

(3) Establish and improve community health service mechanisms. The first is to establish an assessment mechanism.

(4) Further intensify the reform and restructuring of street health centers. Encourage social forces such as enterprises, institutions, social groups, and individuals to participate in community health services.

(5) Further strengthen the exploration and research of basic medical care in communities and community public services.

To promote the gradual equalization of basic public health services, improve the efficiency of health services, and promote the overall advancement of key medical reform tasks, China will provide six major public health services to urban and rural residents free of charge. This is the information obtained from the launch of a video conference call on a major public health service project held on June 18, 2009 at the Ministry of Health. The party secretary and deputy minister Zhang Mao of the Ministry of Health of the Communist Party of China revealed that the central government has issued the first batch of six major public health service funds, marking its official launch. The six major public health services are:

Replanting hepatitis B vaccine for people under 15 years of age. It is planned to use three years to implement hepatitis B vaccination nationwide for unimmunized people born between 1994 and 2001, which will further reduce the hepatitis B virus infection rate and the hepatitis B surface antigen carrier rate in this population. This year, 23.3 million people will be vaccinated nationwide, accounting for 31% of the population that should be vaccinated.

Breast and cervical cancer screening project for rural women. From this year to 2011, 10 million rural women will be examined for cervical cancer, 1.2 million of them will be examined for breast cancer, and the rate of early diagnosis and early treatment of "two cancers" in rural women will be increased, and the mortality rate will be reduced. This year, a pilot program was launched in 200 counties across the country to complete the screening of 2 million cervical cancer patients and 400,000 breast cancer patients. Through trials, we will explore the "two cancers" inspection service model and optimization plan that are suitable for the grassroots, and gradually form an institutionalized and standardized working mechanism.

Supplement of folic acid to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid supplementation is provided free of charge to rural women before and during the first trimester to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects and improve the quality of the birth population. It is planned to supplement folic acid to about 12 million rural women each year.

Mingming project for millions of impoverished cataract patients. Within three years, the Mingming operation was performed on one million cases of poor cataract patients currently in the country and newly issued that year, so as to ensure that every case of poor cataract patients who meet the surgical conditions can receive timely surgical treatment. This year, we plan to complete the operation of 200,000 poor cataract patients, with an average subsidy of 800 yuan per patient.

Eliminate the hazards of coal-fired fluorosis. It will be implemented in six provinces, including Guizhou and Yunnan, to expand the coverage of stoves and stoves in endemic areas. This year, 870,000 households have completed the stove renovation task, and each household will be subsidized according to the standard of 400 yuan. At the same time, the post-management and prevention and treatment effect evaluation and monitoring of the completed stove and stove ward will be strengthened.

-Rural water and toilet improvement project. Plan three years to construct harmless toilets for 7.1 million farmers and improve rural environmental sanitation. This year it is planned to complete 4.11 million households, and at the same time carry out 120,000 copies of water quality monitoring for rural drinking water safety centralized water supply projects to ensure rural drinking water safety.

Zhang Mao said that while completing the above major public health service projects, localities will continue to improve other major public health service projects to consolidate results and improve efficiency. This year will also launch the establishment of nine types of national basic public health service projects such as residents' health files, child health, maternal health, and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. He asked all localities to determine the basic public health service projects in the region in accordance with local conditions, improve relevant standards and performance evaluation methods, implement a fund of no less than 15 yuan per capita, and provide them to urban and rural residents free of charge. In addition, by promoting the establishment of a maternal and child health service network, the central government will provide subsidies for hospital delivery in rural areas in difficult areas, and implement a rural hospital subsidy policy for pregnant women in rural areas. , District, city, and rural pregnant and childbirth delivery rates reached 95%, 85, and 80%, respectively; rural high-risk pregnant and childbirth delivery rates reached 95% and above; by 2020 , Rural maternal mortality and infant mortality have reached the level of moderately developed countries. Zhang Mao emphasized that all localities should formulate local implementation plans in accordance with the unified central deployment and local actual conditions, set schedules reasonably, strengthen supervision and assessment, and accept public supervision. At the same time, strengthen public health service capacity building, organize staff training, improve technical service capacity, organize implementation in strict accordance with project requirements and technical specifications, and ensure service quality.

9 free public health services

First, for the entire population

1. Establish a unified and standardized resident health file for the permanent population in the jurisdiction

2.Provide health education information and health education consulting services to urban and rural residents

Targeting key populations

3. Establish a child health manual for infants from 0 to 36 months, conduct newborn visits and manage the child health system

4. At least 5 pregnancy health services and 2 postpartum visits for pregnant women

5. Provide health guidance services to senior citizens aged 65 and over in the jurisdiction

Third, for disease prevention and control

6. School-age children are vaccinated against hepatitis B, BCG, polio and other national immunization programmes

7. Find, register and report infectious disease cases and suspected cases found in the area in a timely manner, participate in on-site epidemic treatment, and carry out infectious disease prevention knowledge publicity and consulting services

8. Provide guidance to people at high risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, register and manage patients with diagnosed hypertension and diabetes, and follow up regularly

9. Register and manage patients with severe mental illness, and provide treatment follow-up and rehabilitation guidance for patients with severe mental illness living at home under the guidance of professional institutions.