What Are the Different Types of International Trade Models?

The international trade method is a method used for international trade. Its scope has been expanded and transaction types have been complicated. Trade methods refer to the various methods used in international trade. With the development of international trade, trade methods have become increasingly diversified. In addition to the method of order-by-order sales, there are also underwriting, agency, consignment, auction, bidding and bidding, futures trading, and offset trade.

International trade methods

Exclusive sales is one of the methods commonly used in international trade. In China's export business, according to the characteristics of certain commodities and the need to expand exports, in the appropriate market, the appropriate customers can be selected, or underwriting can be used. Exclusive sales

Agency means that the agent concludes a contract with a third party or performs other legal acts on his behalf in accordance with the authorization of the principal. The resulting rights and obligations have a direct effect on me.

I. Relationship between agent and client

The relationship between the agent and the principal belongs to

Invitation to tender refers to the time when,

Auction (auction) is the method by which the exclusive auction house accepts the consignment of the owner of the goods, at a certain place and time, in accordance with the established articles and rules, and by open bidding.

Futures transactions are many buyers and sell major commodities

General trade

General trade refers to goods that are unilaterally imported or unilaterally exported by enterprises with import and export operating rights in China. Import and export goods aided by loans, foreign-invested enterprises import materials for processing domestic products, foreign-invested enterprises use domestic materials to process finished products or export products by themselves, catering food imported by hotels, restaurants, domestic fuel for foreign ships or aircraft, Materials and spare parts. In the overseas labor service cooperation projects, the goods imported by our laborers (such as steel, timber, fertilizers, and seafood) are compensated with the physical products of the other party. Materials, etc. are based on general trade statistics.

Compensation trade

Compensation trade refers to a form of transaction in which foreign manufacturers provide or use overseas export credits to import production technology or equipment for production by us and repay their counterparts' technology, equipment prices, or the principal and interest of the goods by reselling their products. If approved, other products produced by the enterprise (including the consortium) can also be used to resell the other party for indirect compensation.

Custom processing and assembly trade

Customs processing and assembly trade refers to all or part of the raw materials, auxiliary materials, parts, components, accessories and packaging materials provided by foreign investors, and equipment is provided when necessary. We will process and assemble the products according to the requirements of the other party, and sell the finished products to the other party. We collect the labor payment, the price of the equipment provided by the other party, and we use the labor payment to repay the form of transaction.

Processing trade

Import processing trade refers to the form of transaction in which we use foreign exchange to purchase imported raw materials, materials, auxiliary materials, components, parts, accessories, and packaging materials, and process finished or semi-finished products for export. Import processing and assembly trade can also take the form of counterpart contract transactions, that is, buyers and sellers sign import and export counterpart contracts, respectively. We pay for the parts first when the parts are imported, and then collect the finished parts from the other party when the finished products are exported. Consignment and consignment trade

The consignment consignment trade refers to the consignee delivering the goods to the consignment agent agreed in advance, and the consignee sells the goods on the local market in accordance with the conditions agreed in advance or according to the conditions stipulated in the consignment consignment agreement. , The transaction form in which the balance is paid to the consignor in the manner prescribed in the agreement. The consignee and the consignee are not a sales relationship, but a consignment relationship. The consignee has no ownership of the goods.

Small border trade

Frontier small trade refers to the border counties (flags) and border city jurisdictions (hereinafter referred to as border areas) that have been approved by the state for opening along the land border. Trade activities between ports, and enterprises or other trading agencies in border areas of neighboring countries, including various forms of trade such as barter trade and easy spot trade.

Processing trade import equipment

Imported equipment for processing trade refers to machinery and equipment provided by the other party under the processing of incoming materials and imported materials at a price or without price, including equipment reimbursed at the cost of payment (or difference) and foreign-invested enterprises under processing trade are not deducted from imports Investment amount of equipment.

For equipment imported by foreign-invested enterprises under processing trade, the investment amount is deducted according to the statistics of "imported equipment of foreign-invested enterprises". Whether the investment quota is deducted or not shall be subject to the results of the examination and approval by the competent customs administration for tax reduction and exemption.

Export of goods for foreign contracted projects

Exported goods for foreign contracted projects refer to the equipment and materials exported by companies with foreign contracted project operating rights approved by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation for contracting foreign construction projects and labor service cooperation, but not including border areas through the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Enterprises with foreign economic and technological cooperation management rights are approved to carry out engineering equipment and materials exported under contracted projects and labor service cooperation with neighboring countries in China.

Leasing trade

Leasing trade refers to the leasing of import and export goods with an international lease trade contract signed by the enterprise undertaking the leasing business with a foreign businessman for a lease period of one year or more.

Imported equipment and articles

The equipment and articles imported by a foreign-invested enterprise as investment refer to the machinery, equipment, parts and other materials imported by the foreign-invested enterprise with capital (including the Chinese investment) within the total investment (other materials refer to the construction of the plant <field> and installation, Materials needed to strengthen the machine), and import a reasonable number of vehicles, production vehicles and office supplies (equipment) for the company's own use according to national regulations.

Discharge processing trade

Discharge processing trade refers to the transaction form in which the domestic raw materials, parts, components, or semi-finished products are delivered to overseas manufacturers for processing or assembly according to our requirements, and the finished products are re-imported. Material processing export ".

Export with materials for processing refers to the overseas investment and establishment of our company that transports raw materials, accessories, components, components or semi-finished products in our territory to overseas processing or assembly, and the finished products are sold overseas for export with materials for processing and export It should be counted according to the actual method. For example, the export of machinery and equipment and raw materials is counted as "general trade"; the export of processed and imported products is counted as "come, feed processing trade"; and the export of lease is counted as "lease trade".

Barter trade

Barter trade refers to trade in which imported goods are directly exchanged for imported goods without passing through the monetary medium.

Inward and outward goods in bonded warehouses

Inward and outward goods of bonded warehouses refer to the goods that are directly deposited into the bonded warehouse from abroad and the goods that are shipped out of the warehouse under export supervision, excluding warehouses and transit goods in the bonded area. The export supervision warehouse goods and its statistical methods are based on the "Interim Administrative Measures of the Customs of the People's Republic of China on Export Supervision Warehouses" (promulgated by the General Administration of Customs Order No. 22 on March 18, 1992) and the General Administration of Customs on Amending the Export Supervision Warehouses Notice of the Provisions on the Administration of Export Tax Rebate for Stored Goods (Administrative Supervision [1995] No. 440) stipulates that the export supervision warehouse refers to the storage of the export goods permits or approvals that have been obtained in accordance with the regulations, the foreign exchange has been sold out and settled, and the Customs Office has completed Dedicated warehouse for export customs procedures. The goods stored in the warehouse are "export supervision warehouse goods".

Bonded area warehousing transit goods

Bonded area warehousing and re-export goods refer to warehousing and re-export goods deposited in the bonded area from abroad and warehousing and re-export goods shipped out of the bonded area, excluding warehousing and re-export goods deposited from outside the non-bonded area and shipped out of the non-bonded area.

Processing Trade

Processing trade mainly includes incoming processing, incoming assembly, incoming processing, outgoing processing, and compensation trade. It differs from the so-called "three to one supplement" (that is, processing of incoming materials, assembly of samples, processing of samples, and small and medium-sized compensation trade). The processing of samples is a general export trade and is not within the scope of processing trade. Incoming material processing and assembling are collectively called processing and assembly. In the "three to one supplement", removing the sample processing, plus the input processing and the output processing, is the main content of the processing trade.

Overseas trade processing

Overseas trade processing refers to the international economic and trade cooperation mode in which domestic companies mainly invest in existing technologies and equipment, provide raw materials, spare parts or product design technologies, set up factories abroad, process and assemble, and sell finished products locally.