What are the Different Types of Money Services?

Currency (CCY) is a medium for purchasing goods and saving wealth, and is a contract between the owner of the property and the market on the right to exchange, which is essentially an agreement between the owners.

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There is still a lot of debate in the academic community about the nature of money.

Money, in its essence, is a contract between the owners about the right to exchange, and different forms of money are essentially unified. In the past, due to the unclear understanding of the nature of money, people mistakenly divided money into different types from different perspectives, such as:

Currency issuance should follow this calculation formula:

China has used currency for 4,000 years and is one of the earliest countries to use currency in the world.

Physical currency

Refers to physical goods with a value equivalent to non-monetary use and a value equivalent to monetary use. Goods that can serve as physical currency have the following characteristics: general acceptability; stable value; mean value separability; portability and portability. Obviously, general metals have these characteristics, so among the types of physical currency, metal currency is the most representative.

Proxy currency

Generally refers to paper metal currency or metal bars in exchange for physical objects, whose value is

Since money is a commodity, he has the same as all commodities

Money is replay

In 2012, domestic

History

Money is a special commodity that acts as a general equivalent. In the Spring and Autumn Period, gold has appeared as currency, such as Zi Gong's "Family's Thousands of Gold", and the husband's fan, "Three Thousands of Golds in 19 Years", all show that gold has appeared as a measure of wealth and as a general equivalent. In addition, copper coins appeared in the spring and autumn.

Although gold and copper coins have appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period, it seems that they are not widely used in actual life. Mr. Li Jiannong counted in the "Zuo Zhuan" records: "Reward, gift, offer, offer of twenty-nine people, or ornaments, or horses and carts, or sacrificial jade, or brocade, or clothes "One who earns money but one who does not have money"; "Yan Xun, robbers, stealers, fourteen, or wheat, millet, or wood, or jade, or practical weapons, or horses, or bells, or coin grabbers. First, it goes without saying that it is a coin of money. " Therefore, the use of currency during the Spring and Autumn Period cannot be overestimated.

During the Warring States Period, due to the development of the commodity economy, currency was widely used, but at that time it was in a period of combined use of metal coinage, precious metal currency and physical currency. In the Warring States Period, in addition to gold being the common currency of various countries, copper coins were the common currency of people in various countries.

The monetary system of ancient China was based on copper coins. Earlier forms of money have yet to be discovered. The original copper coins had various shapes, including knife coins, cloth coins, and ant nose money. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he ordered the nation's copper coins to be based on Qin copper coins. Since sand coins are used to cast copper coins, the cast copper coins have burrs, so a square hole is left in the center, so that a wooden stick can be used in series to polish the repair file. This particular shape has given it a lot of symbolic interpretations of mysticism. Some people think that the round shape of the copper coin represents "sky" and the square hole in the center represents "ground". Copper coins usually carry the emperor's year when it was minted.

Gold coins were rare in ancient China. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, the Chu State of the Yangtze River Basin in southern China used gold cakes and gold flakes. But in other regions and dynasties, gold was mainly used for decoration and preservation. In the second century BC, Emperor Hanwu of the Western Han Dynasty issued white buckskin currency to reward nobles and military generals. In addition to copper coins, cotton, silk, rice and other living materials have also been used as a unit of currency calculation (rather than actual currency) to pay bureaucrats and military salaries. After the Tang Dynasty, silver currency gradually gained widespread circulation. Although the silver in the treasury and the official treasury is minted into ingots for storage according to a uniform color and weight, the silver in circulation is not minted but circulated in small pieces. When used in the market, it must be calculated and weighed These tedious procedures. Large silver ingots are cut with clippers, and small pieces of silver ingots need to be recast into larger silver ingots at the silversmith. There are many reasons why China does not use silver coins, but the main reason is that due to political instability, the official cannot provide guarantees for the issued silver coins. At the same time, due to frequent wars, the public often hides silver, resulting in insufficient market circulation To support the silver standard currency system.

Due to the inconvenience of carrying a large amount of copper coins, in the Northern Song Dynasty, when the economy was highly developed, Jiaozi banknotes appeared. This is also one of the earliest banknotes in the world. But it is more like a money order than paper money in the modern sense. The Yuan dynasty established by the Mongols used banknotes as one of the best ways to solve economic difficulties. Regardless of the actual currency circulation and economic level, they issued a large number of unsecured banknotes, causing the earliest inflation. The Yuan Dynasty was replaced by the Ming Dynasty established by the Han people. The founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was a conservative agriculturist. He believes that paper money is alien and should be discarded. But the Ming Dynasty itself issued a note called "Daming Treasure Banknote." This paper currency is rarely used in folk.

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, silver began to flow into China in large quantities, becoming a metal currency as common as copper coins. During the Qing Dynasty, silver had become the country's main monetary unit ("two"). In the late Qing Dynasty, Mexican silver dollars began to circulate in China. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu, China minted its own silver coins and set up a bank account to issue regular banknotes. In 1935, China implemented the legal currency system and officially abolished the silver standard. According to the "Sino-US Silver Agreement" of 1936, one round of legal currency is equal to 0.265 US dollars.

The current legal currency in mainland China is called the Renminbi and is issued by the National Bank of China, the People's Bank of China. The main currency of the yuan is the yuan, and the auxiliary currency is the angle and cents. One yuan is ten dimes and one dime is ten. Yuan, Jiao and cents have banknotes, Yuan and Wujiao and cents also have coins. The par value of yuan is 1, 2, 5, 10 yuan, 20 yuan, 50 yuan, 100 yuan, the par value of the corner is 1, 2, 5 cents, and the denomination of 1, 2 and 5 cents. The abbreviation of RMB is CNY.