What Factors Affect GDP Trends?

The economic environment refers to the sum of specific factors such as the economic system, the level of economic development, the level of price changes, the development and perfection of finance and securities markets. It is the main factor affecting economic development.

Economic and environmental factors

A country

In addition to people's failure to understand the laws of natural ecology, from the economic reasons, the main reason is that people do not fully balance the relationship between economic development and environmental protection, and only consider recent direct

Environmental Economics, Ecological Economics, and Resource Economics

About environmental economics, ecological economics and

Socioeconomic

Environmental value assessment

Environmental value assessment theory has received more and more attention in environmental economics in recent years. The main methods include willingness survey method, hedonic price method, travel cost method, production function method, etc. Although there are still many controversies in theory and practice, its role in environmental decision-making has become increasingly important. In addition, green account research that incorporates environmental assessment into the national accounting system is also one of the focus of future research.

Environmental economic analysis in a global context

Different from the closed economic model, the analysis of the international dimension of environmental issues mainly involves two aspects: the governance of cross-border and global environmental issues, and the relationship between foreign trade and the environment. The trend of economic globalization has caused global environmental issues to attract much attention. Some economic models, such as game theory models, have been used to explain global environmental decision-making behaviors in cooperative and non-cooperative situations. Cost-benefit analysis is also applied to global environmental policies. In the process of globalization, the relationship between trade and the environment has become increasingly close, and it has an important impact on the pattern of world economic development. Research in this area will also gradually increase. At present, people are mainly interested in building models that can explain aspects of specialization, production-market relations, and policy feedback effects, including the introduction of environmental factors into the analysis of the Heckscher-Ohlin model. In addition, it is generally believed that factors such as regional differences, technological innovation, and the characteristics of developing countries should be considered when studying the environment-trade interaction.

Environmental Economic Analysis of Spatial Dimension

The spatial dimension of environmental problems is often overlooked by environmental economists, but now people are gradually discovering that there is a lot of work to be done in this field, especially in cross-disciplinary backgrounds. For example, in conjunction with natural science, geography, and ecology, in these disciplines, spatial models are common. Space-related environmental issues such as non-point source pollution, land use, urban environment, transportation, and location choice will become the focus of research.

Ecological tax reform

Taxation is one of the important policy tools in environmental management. At present, the so-called "ecological tax" reform policy is generally implemented in European countries, which is to gradually shift the basis of taxation from labor to energy use and environmental pollution treatment. This conversion process It is believed to produce a "win-win" result of environmental improvements and reduced tax distortions to the economy. Therefore, theoretical research on this aspect is and will continue to be one of the important research topics in environmental economics.

Applications of general equilibrium analysis

Obviously, environmental economics uses many analytical methods to describe, predict, and analyze the economic-environmental characteristics of a problem. These models usually have different technical structures (linear and non-linear, static or dynamic), and the models are universal, accurate and realistic. Because environmental problems are often interrelated and interrelated, for example, in road traffic environmental problems, traffic congestion, accidents, exhaust emissions, and noise are interlinked. Therefore, the general equilibrium analysis method will play an increasingly important role in comprehensively considering environmental issues and using various policy tools to achieve optimal environmental effects.