How Do I Become a Psychiatric Social Worker?

Psychiatry is derived from the Greek words "mind" and "healing." Refers to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness to maintain mental health. Its main goals are to alleviate the suffering caused by mental illness and to promote a healthy mind.

Psychiatry

(A medical specialty)

It is impossible to draw a clear line between body medicine and psychiatry, and in the study of psychiatry, the relationship between physical state and mental state cannot be taken lightly. From the point of view of physical medicine, human feelings can also affect the health of the body, and sometimes make the condition change.

Chinese name: Psychiatry
Affiliation: A medical specialty

Brief introduction: It's about the prevention of mental / mental disorders
Pathological cause: Endogenous genetic disease

Psychiatry is a medical specialty that deals with the prevention, evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of mental illness and mental / mental disorders. Its various treatments in the field may be performed in a hospital or community. If the patient is not willing, sometimes they still need to be treated in accordance with the medical regulations of each country. Modern psychiatry uses medical methods, including concepts in the fields of biomedicine, psychology, and socio-culture, also known as physiological psychosocial models. Treatment methods include drug therapy, psychotherapy, and various other forms of treatment; the English-language psychiatry comes from the Greek "spiritual healer".

Some mental illnesses in the field of psychiatry are difficult to cure, like many chronic physiological illnesses. But with the help of proper treatment, symptoms can be relieved and return to life. Many mental illnesses have only a slight impact on the patient's life, but some illnesses can seriously affect the patient's quality of life and even life. Mental disorders are prone to chronicization and relapse, and patients often need long-term or lifetime treatment. How to take effective treatment often has different considerations due to different patients and situations.

In Chinese, psychiatry in medical institutions may also be called physical and mental medicine , physical and mental medicine ; however, in Germany, physical and mental medicine and psychiatry belong to two different diseases. Child psychiatry may also be called child psychology or child psychology.

Psychiatry and neuromedicine are separated from decades ago. Neuromedicine deals with brain disorders such as stroke, and psychiatry treats mental illness. With the advancement of neuroscience, the clinical scope of these two studies of central nervous disease is Cover each other. ^[1]

Overview

Pathological causes of mental illness

The cause of mental illness is by no means simple. In fact, it can be divided into genetic factor diseases that are predominantly intrinsic or endogenous, and obstacle diseases that are predominantly foreign, and even the psychological tension caused by economic bankruptcy and unemployment. There are three major categories of diseases.

The interaction of a person's fundamental character with physical and mental tension can affect the degree of psychological response. Some people can completely break through strong mental stress, while others collapse with trivial failures.

Mental disorder

The symptoms and signs of mental illness can be divided into many items, including:

Sensory disturbance

2. Thinking barriers

3. Language barriers

4. Memory disorders

5. Affective disorder

6. Personality disorders

7. Unconsciousness

8. Motility disorder, etc.

Classification of mental patients

Mental illness can be divided into three categories: the first category is mental illness, which is due to concurrent mental illness such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, paranoid disorders, emotional psychosis, physical illness, etc., and there is disturbed neurosis (fear Neurosis) or obsessive-compulsive neuropathy, hysterics, depression and other neurosis. The second is a personality disorder with drug addiction or alcoholism. The third type is personality abnormalities and personality biases that are not mainly caused by mental illness or other diseases.

Psychological self-defense

The so-called "psychological self-defense mechanism" refers to the self-defense operation used to cope with setbacks and uneasiness.

Psychological self-defense mechanism is a psychological method that everyone often expresses and uses. The purpose is to deal with the relationship between himself and reality in order to reduce psychological frustration and achieve inner peace. In other words, it is a method of protecting self.

This psychological self-defense method is mostly carried out in the subconscious. From a psychological point of view, our spirit often unconsciously changes the relationship between man and "reality" in its own way, making it more acceptable to people and not causing emotions. Too much pain and anxiety. This method of mentality to resolve troubles, reduce inner anxiety and disputes, and protect the peace of mind is called "psychological self-defense."

Forms of psychological self-defense

According to psychologists, there are many types of psychological self-defense mechanisms, and many proper terms have been formulated. In the following, we talk about various mechanisms:

1. Compensation effect When a person feels discomfort because of a psychological or physical defect, they try to make up for these defects in various ways to reduce the feeling of discomfort, which is called compensation effect. For example, when a candidate is disappointed at the examination room, he will prestige on the sports field to make up for the dissatisfaction in the examination room.

2. Extrajection We often use our own thoughts to guess what others think. I think because we think so, we think others will think so too. "I'm so charming when I see Castle Peak, so I see Castle Peak seeing me" is a good example.

3. Unsuppressive effects Emotions, thoughts, and impulses that we cannot often accept by our consciousness are suppressed unconsciously into the subconscious. This effect is the most basic method for various psychological self-defense mechanisms. For example, when we receive a letter, and the content of this letter makes us unhappy, when we are unwilling to reply, we tend to "get it" completely.

4. Negative effect is similar to the aforementioned latent depressing effect. The method is not to purposefully "forget" the painful things that have happened, but to "negate" the unpleasant things that have happened, and to think that it has not happened at all to avoid the psychology. Pain. The so-called "invisibleness is negativity" is a negative performance.

5. Retrogression When people encounter frustration, they will give up the adult skills they have learned and return to using more naive ways to cope with things or satisfy their desires. This phenomenon is called retrogression. For example, when a strong man can't bear the pain, he often loses his voice, "Mom!" This is the method adopted by adults with children.

6. The role of fantasy When one encounters difficulties in reality, because he cannot deal with these problems, he will use fantasy methods to detach himself from reality and exist in the realm of fantasy. For example, some teenagers are dissatisfied with their parents, they often imagine that they are an adopted child, originally born in a wealthy family, one day, he will return to his biological parents.

7. The rationalization of the occurrence of everything can be explained in many ways or reasons. Often for certain psychological needs, some reasons are often emphasized, other reasons are ignored, psychological needs are met, and mental suffering is avoided. This is called rationalization. Sour grape psychology is an example.

In addition to the above seven types, there are also humorous effects, reverse effects, transfer effects, etc. Although there are many methods, these methods are often repeated and occur simultaneously and rarely used alone.

Professional

The medical personnel in psychiatry include psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, clinical psychologists, and functional therapists. In addition, there are also professionals such as social workers or social workers who specialize in psychiatry.

Psychiatrists in Taiwan, after completing general medical training at the university's medical department (7-year program) or bachelor's post-medicine department (5-year program) and passing the national examination for physicians, choose a psychiatric specialty for 3 years and 6 months. Physicians who have passed the expiry of the Specialist Medical Association and are accredited can use methods such as medication and psychotherapy to assist mental illness. In the training phase, psychiatrists must also receive psychotherapy (such as: psychoanalysis, psychodynamic psychoterapy, cognitive-behavior psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, etc.) in addition to biological psychiatry. ) Training and use in their clinical services. The biomedical and psychopharmacological training of psychiatrists is what sets them apart from clinical psychologists and other therapists.

The training of clinical psychologists in Taiwan requires a complete clinical psychology institute course, a one-year full-time internship and clinical supervision, a master's degree in clinical psychology, and passing the college entrance examination for clinical psychologists. Passing certificate and clinical psychologist certificate are currently the most professional professionals in Taiwan with high school education requirements. The main work of clinical psychologists in hospitals is to provide high-quality psychological assessments and assist medical assessments. However, Taiwanese medical institutions and communities have gradually begun to provide psychological treatment services by clinical psychologists in comparison with outpatient clinics and psychotherapy clinics opened by physicians.

Psychiatric nurses and psychiatric social workers have important roles in the psychiatric profession. Psychiatric nurses can perform many psychiatric care and care, but are restricted by law in prescribing drugs and other medical practices. Psychiatric social workers can assist mental patients and their families in all aspects of law, social welfare, and institutional placement. Trained nurses and social workers can also provide psychotherapy services, usually more people are engaged in group therapy or family therapy.

Professionals who can perform psychophysiological assessments and arrange examinations are generally only psychiatrists. According to Taiwan's current medical law and physician law, doctors can only arrange and interpret the following examination results, such as: electroencephalogram (EEG), computer tomography (CT / CAT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron tomography Scanning (PET). It is not necessary to perform the above-mentioned routine examinations. Although most mental illnesses are not diagnosed based on the abnormalities presented by current imaging studies, clinicians will still carefully evaluate the patient's physical condition or physical disease, because many physiological diseases still affect Cause or affect mental symptoms.

In addition to the above-mentioned physical examinations and psychological diagnosis talks, doctors will also refer to clinical psychologists for psychological balance or psychological function tests based on clinical judgment. Common psychological assessments include overall assessment plans, intelligent assessments, personality assessments, children and adolescents' problem behavior assessments, children's development retardation assessments, and clinical neuropsychological assessments. And technology to evaluate the patient's emotional state, developmental status, mental function, psychological characteristics, brain behavioral function, and interpersonal adaptation, assist in the establishment of the diagnosis of psychological disorders, and arrange and execute treatment plans.

In addition to the clinical care of patients, some psychiatrists also invest in research and teaching. These experts may only have a degree in their specialty or be qualified as a bachelor of medicine (for example, a bachelor of medicine and a doctor of philosophy).

Subspecialty

Various sub-specialties have been developed in the field of psychiatry itself. At a minimum:

Children and Youth Psychiatry

Adult Psychiatry: Including psychiatric and emotional disorders

Geriatric psychiatry

Note to Psychiatry

Emergency psychiatry

Addiction Psychiatry

Forensic psychiatry

Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry

Sleep medicine

Behavioral Medicine

Mind and body medicine (Germany separates mind and body medicine from psychiatry)

Some psychiatric professionals are particularly good at assisting certain age groups, and child and adolescent psychiatrists can work with children or adolescents to deal with psychological issues together. The physician who works with the elderly is called an elderly psychiatrist. Experts in forensic psychiatry can assist in judicial work in criminal and civil cases. They are also good at assisting patients who are already in custody or sentenced by law but who have mental medical needs.

history

In ancient times in the 5th century BC, people at that time believed that people with mental illness, especially those with hereditary psychosis, had a natural supernatural ability [1]. This concept continued to ancient Greece and Rome [1]. In the history of Western psychiatry, early records of mental disorders were written in Greek [2]. In the first 4th century, Hippocrates believed that mental illness, like other physical illnesses, was caused by natural factors and required medical treatment. He suggested that mental disorders may result from physiological anomalies [1]. However, this concept was not explored further due to the decline of the Roman Empire [1]. Therefore, in the dark ages of the Middle Ages, religious leaders and others were influenced by religion and believed that insanity was the phenomenon of the devil's possession, in an attempt to exorcise it. So they will use all kinds of cruel and barbaric methods to "treat" the patient, for example: sometimes the patient is burned with fire, or beaten with a stick, or the patient's forehead is burned with a red iron rod. Some even make a small hole in the patient's head, wanting to let out gas and heal the patient. After no skill was available, the patient had to be kept in a nursing home for a long time and chained together. This is also the dark age of psychiatry. It was not until the 16th century that farewell to witchcraft ideas from the Middle Ages.

Medieval period

Main article: Islamic psychology

The world's first mental hospital was built in the 8th century in the golden age of Islam. In 705 AD, the first psychiatric hospital was completed in Baghdad, and in the early 8th century, the psychiatric hospital in Fes was also completed. By 800 AD, Cairo had also completed a psychiatric hospital. Unlike medieval Christian physicians, Islamic physicians did not treat mental illness as a possession of evil spirits, but instead treated patients through clinical psychological experience. Their experience has made great progress in mental therapy, and first developed methods such as psychotherapy and moral therapy. In addition, they also used bathing, medicine, music and occupational therapy in their treatment.

Modern times

In 1883, Kraepelin systematically classified mental illness and established the foundation of narrative psychiatry, also known as the father of modern psychiatry. As for the cause of mental illness, it has evolved from an organic and psychological cause to a comprehensive view of the cause. In addition to Freud's contribution to dynamic mental medicine, personality structure, subconsciousness and mental development, and even affect the development of psychotherapy, especially the emergence of psychotropic drugs, such as the synthesis of Chloropromazie (Wintemin) on modern spirit Medicine has made a tremendous contribution.

The emergence of psychotropic drugs has improved the treatment and care of psychiatry, and due to the clear classification of drugs (such as antipsychotics, anxiolytics, antidepressants, etc.), mental illness has been more clearly classified. The entire treatment, such as psychotherapy, drug therapy, industrial therapy, functional therapy, recreational therapy, and environmental therapy, is more able to provide more appropriate assistance for different mental illnesses, and even for different stages and periods of the same mental illness.

East Asia

Views of mental illness in Chinese medical history have been documented long ago, such as mania, epilepsy, tetanus, flower madness, or depression, depression, depression, fraud and irritability, fussiness, anger, sadness, surprise , Sickness, fear, forgetfulness and other diseases or symptoms. Compared to the West, this part of the medical treatment is less affected by religion, and the patients have not received the tragic medical treatment of the dark period. However, during the Jin and Tang dynasties, evil qi and ghost qi were introduced, which once deviated from the context of traditional medicine. TCM views on mental illness, such as diagnosis, treatment, and classification of diseases. I hope that experts in TCM can talk about their views in order to share the public.

Psychiatry in Taiwan mostly follows the pace of the West, and the manpower and funds invested in the field of psychiatry in the early days were very limited, and even mental materials and neurology were not separated. There was a neuropsychiatric society. There are very few psychiatric and even psychiatric wards in various hospitals. Most of these manpower are also betting on major mental illnesses and drug treatments. Due to the insufficient supply of resources to private nursing homes, and even the space for survival and development provided by places such as Longfatang that has not been put on record, the supply and demand are so dysfunctional that they are out of balance The quality of medical care cannot be improved. Unless the principal invests special effort and funds, even a small step of software and hardware improvement is quite difficult. Until the government's promotion on the mental health network began to inject a large amount of funds and manpower, and the Mental Health Law passed in 1979, although medical, family, police, social administration and other related personnel were still trying to educate their roles and positioning in it, Only then did the whole treatment process have a preliminary basis. Due to the increase in manpower, the scope of care for mental illnesses has more tentacles reaching patients with non-serious mental illnesses. In 1984, the Taipei City Sanatorium and the National Taiwan University Hospital's Department of Psychiatry established psychiatry without mandatory 24-hour access control. The ward can also be regarded as a representative milestone. It symbolizes that the Taiwanese psychiatry community is generally stable in terms of occupational and interpersonal self-functions, but in some cases, cases that cause obstacles have officially taken the pace of assistance. In Taiwan, decades after the popularity of popular psychology, the field of deep psychology, which is related to psychoanalysis, has also begun to have more input from psychiatric medical staff with a biomedical background. In addition, treatments such as day-to-day hospitalization and rehabilitation treatment have also diversified and progressed from the past few projects and humble environments. And cooperate with other fields, such as detoxification, prison special crime assessment methods, or exploration alone, such as alcohol addiction wards. Although the road to be taken may be long, it is still an improvement.

Development prospects of psychiatry in China

Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine · Chinese Journal of the Medical Association · Handbook of Behavioral Medicine Scale · Excellent Journal of the Ministry of Health · Shandong Excellent Journal ·

Humanity will enter the 21st century, and the development of psychiatry in our country will also enter a new era.

1 Development of biopsychiatry

At the beginning of the 21st century, population genetics and genetic epidemiology of mental illness will be completed. The genetic research of mental illness will transition from the cellular level to the molecular level. Exploring the cause of mental illness from molecular biology will be fully developed, with a focus on candidate genes for Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and affective mental disorders. With the continuous development of molecular biology technology and the completion of the human genome-environmental genome project, various diseases and pathogenic genes in psychiatry will be cloned one after another. Based on this, it is possible to carry out effective treatments for mental diseases in the late 21st century. Gene therapy, thus completing a qualitative leap in the history of psychiatry.

Various neurobiochemical hypotheses (mainly referring to the classic neurotransmitter hypothesis and neuropeptide hypotheses, etc.) that have been proposed since the 1960s will be verified in the new century. With the neurobiology of various functional proteins related to mental illness (Including receptors, metabolic enzymes, etc.) understanding of the nature, the pathogenesis of various mental illness will also be elucidated. After the 1980s, modern advanced detection instruments such as CT, MRI, and SPECT began to be used in psychiatry, giving neuroimaging a preliminary development in the field of psychiatry. In the 21st century, major cities in China will gradually be equipped with PET instruments for clinical research. Brain function imaging of psychiatry will appear a new research hotspot. The study of living brain receptors will completely replace the brains of psychiatric patients in the 20th century. Organizational research is a great step forward in overcoming the effects of many experimental instability factors on research results.

In the 1990s, he was keen to find some psychophysiological signs that directly serve the clinical diagnosis of mental illness. Although the results of the exploration are often contradictory and inconsistent, this work will be strengthened in the new century. In addition to further research and promotion of eye movements, new and more psychophysiological marks will be applied to clinical auxiliary diagnosis.

The combined development of multiple disciplines such as immunology and neuroendocrinology and psychiatry is inevitable. There will be quite a number of interconnected but highly DL-related sub-disciplines, which is the embodiment of the development of psychiatry in the 21st century.

2 Connecting the development of psychiatry

After entering the 21st century, mental health knowledge will be popularized, and the recognition rate of mental disorders by physicians and surgeons will be greatly improved. Municipal general hospitals will establish psychiatric liaison-consultation institutions, and have specialized psychologists and psychiatrists. Physicians participate in the prevention and treatment of clinical departments.

3 Development of community psychiatry

Rehabilitation psychiatry will also be fully developed in the new century. With the purpose of functional training, comprehensive rehabilitation, reintegration and quality of life, gradually establish a community rehabilitation model suitable for China's national conditions, and create a group of professional work in mental rehabilitation And community service workers, widely promote various skills training, community case management, and some vocational rehabilitation programs to promote psychosocial rehabilitation of mental patients. This makes the socialization of mental health services extremely urgent and necessary.

4 Efforts by mental health agency leaders and health workers

The efforts that 21st century mental health agency leaders and health care workers should make include the following:

(1) Construction of talent team The development of psychiatry mainly depends on the construction of three talent teams: scientific research, clinical and community service. The great development of psychiatry branch disciplines in the new century mainly depends on scientific research teams. We need to build up ourselves, cooperate with and exchange with advanced international countries, try to be in line with international standards, conduct a large number of follow-up scientific research, and narrow the gap with the international advanced level so In the century, more innovative research will be carried out to catch up with the international advanced level. Secondly, with the development of psychiatry, a strong clinical team is essential to put the theory of disease etiology and pharmacology into practice to better serve patients. The construction and expansion of community service team is the characteristic of the development of psychiatry in the 21st century. This team will bring psychiatry to a broad society and make psychiatry full of vitality. It is also a symbol of the development of psychiatry in the 21st century.

(2) Popularization of mental health knowledge In the 21st century, everyone cares about mental health, everyone has general knowledge about mental health, and everyone receives mental health education. It is of decisive significance for the primary prevention of diseases in the community and is also a mental health work. The main way for people's work to receive universal support from society.

(3) Improving the quality of clinical services With the transformation of clinical diagnosis from the descriptive surface of the symptoms to the deep level of the molecular level, the accuracy of clinical diagnosis is constantly improving, and our requirements for clinical classification and diagnostic standards have also continued to increase. The rapid development of biology in the 21st century may cause fundamental changes in the classification of mental illness. For example, "schizophrenia" may be divided into different and more reasonable and convincing new disease categories based on certain biological indicators. And the 8 disease categories under "neuropathy" may also be re-grouped based on certain biological indicators; in addition, many reliable biological indicators will definitely be added to the new diagnostic criteria, and many diseases will have "early diagnosis" "Standard.

The high development of biological, psychological, and social and psychiatric medicine will also gradually improve the level of clinical treatment in the future. Due to the fact that treatment will become mainstream, symptomatic treatment methods will also increase and become more effective. The elucidation of the mechanism of disease occurrence and drug action makes it possible to develop more targeted and effective drugs and make treatment more targeted. The treatment of mental illness will be as effective as the cure of other diseases in internal medicine.

(4) Hardware construction of mental health institutions. Mental patients have been completely closed from the beginning of the 20th century. After passing through the relatively open wards at the end of the 20th century, they will step up into the open and open "sanatoriums" of the new century-human knowledge of mental health The popularity of the disease will improve the social status of patients with mental illness and be treated more humanely; the education level of medical staff has significantly improved, and their working environment, social status, and income level will be significantly improved through the efforts of several generations, and The level of developed countries is similar.

The 21st century is coming. Let us accept the challenges of the new century and develop our psychiatry!

Treatment Overview

Generally speaking, in the past few decades, psychiatry has changed rapidly with the development of bio-imaging medicine, genetic research, and medicine (see the history section below). In the past, mental patients were admitted to hospitals, usually for half a year or a year, and some even stayed for several years. Today, most psychiatric patients are usually treated in outpatient clinics. If there is a need for hospitalization, the average length of hospitalization is about one month, but a few patients still require long-term hospitalization. A person with a mental illness is called a patient, patient, or patient in accordance with usual medical practice. Some physicians or therapists are used to referring to clients. A case may be a less appropriate title because the corresponding word is an English case rather than a client. Patients can seek their own consultations or referrals from other physicians to begin receiving assistance from a psychiatrist or other psychiatric professional. In addition, patients may receive psychiatrist consultations while in hospital. When the condition seriously affects the safety of the patient or other people, it may be sentenced by the court or compulsory medical treatment by public health personnel. At this time, the patient's wishes may be violated.

Preliminary assessment

Regardless of the patient's source, the psychiatrist first assesses the patient's mental and physical condition and conducts a diagnostic interview. In addition to interviews with patients, the source of the information is also referenced by other sources, such as other medical and social workers, relatives, colleagues, police officers, emergency technicians, and various psychiatric scales or questionnaires. . Physical examinations can detect or exclude the diagnosis of physical illnesses, such as thyroid dysfunction or brain tumors. They can also reveal signs of self-harm, domestic violence, and child abuse.

Like all medicines, psychotropic substances can also cause patient poisoning. High-risk drugs often require regular monitoring of therapeutic drugs. For example, blood count, lithium concentration in blood, etc. Some drugs require blood biochemical tests before use to establish a baseline for the body's metabolic function. This can easily prevent drug poisoning or adverse reactions.

Outpatient care

Mental patients include inpatients and outpatients. Mental patients often need to return to the clinic periodically and talk to a physician or therapist to update their assessment of the patient's condition, provide psychotherapy, or adjust medications. The manner in which psychiatric practitioners see a doctor varies, depending on the patient's condition, ups and downs, and the consensus between the clinician and the patient.

Inpatient care

Psychiatric inpatients are mental patients who are admitted to a medical institution. They are sometimes compulsory. The standard of compulsory hospitalization is usually a compromise between maintaining personal autonomy and protecting personal safety, in accordance with socially acceptable standards. In North America, the criteria for compulsory hospitalization vary by administrative region and can be relaxed to any worsening of mental illness, or rigorous to the extent that it is considered to be an immediate danger to itself or others, or may be determined by a court. In the UK, the strictest standards are adopted. Taiwan also adopts relatively stringent regulations. According to the current mental health law, it must be evaluated by a psychiatrist. Only people suffering from a specific mental illness can be compulsorily identified or compulsory hospitalized if they are at risk of self-harm or attack others when they develop the disease. .

Acute psychiatric wards can be classified as closed or open, and physicians assess the patient's situation and arrange appropriate ward treatment. Patients who are at risk of self-harm or attacking others often have to be treated in a closed ward for some time. Most psychiatric wards receive both male and female patients.

During the hospital stay, physicians and patients discuss, evaluate, monitor, and determine medication and psychotherapy together, and are taken care of by the medical team. The medical team is made up of multiple specialties and can include physicians, psychiatric nurses, clinical psychologists, functional therapists, social workers, and other mental health professionals. If the patient is assessed for the risk of harming himself or others, he or she may be monitored closely continuously or intermittently; when he cannot control himself, he may be temporarily protected by physical restraints or medication. Inpatients can discuss leaving the hospital temporarily with their doctors if their condition permits.

disease

Organic mental disorder Schizophrenia

Depression

Affective psychosis, also known as bipolar disorder

Anxiety, Phobia, etc.

Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSD)

Personality disorder

Old age psychiatry

Substance abuse, alcohol and drug addiction

Child and adolescent mental disorders such as attention deficit disorders, autism

Learning disorders

Gender Identity Disorder

Forensic psychiatry

Intercultural Psychiatry

Related books

Taipei Municipal Sanatorium, 1984 Biopsychiatry Taipei: Taipei Municipal Sanatorium by George H. Preston, translated by Huang Jianhou, 1989 What is Psychiatry? Understanding of Your Behavior Taipei: Psychology

Lai Mingci, 2000 Diagnosis and Treatment of Abnormal Behavior in Special Children Taipei: Psychology

Li Mingbin, Chief Editor 1999 Practical Psychiatry Fundamental psychiatry eng Taipei: National Taiwan Medical University

Lin Xian 1978 Psychiatry and Society Taipei: Contemporary Medical Journal

Lin Xian 1982 Clinical Psychiatry Taipei: Maochang Books

Lin Zongyi with Zhao Shunwen Translated 1990 The Road to Psychiatry Crosses Eastern and Western Cultures Banqiao City, Taipei County: Dao Township,

Hideo Kamoto waited for 1997 Psychiatry Tokyo: Aotosha,

Hu Haiguo, Lin Xinnan, ed. 1995 Biopsychiatry Taipei: Healthy Culture

Edited by Xiu Jifu and others by Liu Ruiteng

Introduction to Psychiatry, 1992

Xu Jing with 1975 Psychiatry Taipei: Buffalo

Kyoda Kyouda, co-editor Masataka Kato 1976 Social Psychiatry Tokyo: Medical College

Uematsu Shichikuro 1953 Psychiatry Tokyo: Bunkodo

Edited by Zhang Wenhe, Lin Shiyi, Lan Xianyuan, Hu Weiheng, Song Chengming, and Chen Qiaoqi

Selected Publications of the laboratory of biological psychiatry eng

Kitaichi: Research and Development Committee

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Medical Association

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Edited by Shen Chuwen et al. 1987 New Psychiatry Taipei: Yongda

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Cai Maotang compiled 1973 Psychiatry Taipei: Dalin

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How to effectively help self-growth Taipei City: Yuanliu

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Remember

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and Psychiatry Taipei: The Neuropsychiatric Association of the Republic of China

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Merrill T. Eaton, Jr., Margaret H. Peterson, and James A. Davis (Eds.) 1976.

Psychiatry New York: Medical Examination Pub. Co.

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Philadelphia: Saunders.

Steven Matthysse (Ed.) 1981. Psychiatry and the biology of the human brain: a

symposium dedicated to Seymour S. Kety. New York: Elsevier / North-Holland.

Philip Solomon and Vernon D. Patch (Eds.) 1969. Handbook of psychiatry. California:

Lange Medical Publications.

How Do I Become a Psychiatric Social Worker?

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