How Do I Go Into Public Management?
According to the duality principle of management methods and management methods, the methods and methods of public management can be summarized into two levels, namely, substantive methods and technical methods. The substantive method is a management method suitable for the actual situation of each country due to different social attributes and stages of social development, and it must reflect the specific production relationship of the society. It includes legal means, policy means, and ideological and political means. Technical methods are continuously updated with the development of society, but they have little relevance to the attributes of social production relations, and can be adopted by people in different social systems. After the 1980s, the western developed countries have made tremendous developments in public management technology and methods. Both technologies for resource and expenditure control have been adopted, as well as technologies used to ensure the performance of individuals and groups. Among them, forecasting of revenue and expenditure, monitoring of financial trends, strategic planning, zero-based budgeting, target-based budgeting, and program budgeting are considered by Western developed countries to be the most effective methods. In addition, pure management techniques have also been greatly developed, mainly in the general application of computers and management information systems and decision support systems.
Public management
Right!
- Chinese name
- Public management
- Part of speech
- noun
- Category
- Hierarchism, individualism, etc.
- Method
- The combination of governing the country by law and governing the country by virtue
- According to the duality principle of management methods and management methods, the methods and methods of public management can be summarized into two levels, namely, substantive methods and technical methods. The substantive method is a management method suitable for the actual situation of each country due to different social attributes and stages of social development, and it must reflect the specific production relationship of the society. It includes legal means, policy means, and ideological and political means. Technical methods are continuously updated with the development of society, but they have little relevance to the attributes of social production relations, and can be adopted by people in different social systems. After the 1980s, the western developed countries have made tremendous developments in public management technology and methods. Both technologies for resource and expenditure control have been adopted, as well as technologies used to ensure the performance of individuals and groups. Among them, forecasting of revenue and expenditure, monitoring of financial trends, strategic planning, zero-based budgeting, target-based budgeting, and program budgeting are considered by Western developed countries to be the most effective methods. In addition, pure management techniques have also been greatly developed, mainly in the general application of computers and management information systems and decision support systems.
- In China, the most distinctive method of public management is the combination of governing the country according to law and governing the country by virtue. In 1997, the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that "ruling the country by law is the basic strategy for the party to lead the people in governing the country." In January 2002, Comrade Jiang Zemin also pointed out at the National Conference of Propaganda Ministers, "For the governance of a country, The rule of law and the rule of virtue have always complemented each other. They are mutually reinforcing, and both are indispensable and should not be partial. "Governing the country according to law and governing the country by virtue of the overall situation of governing the country have pointed out the fundamental direction of the transformation of the party and the country. The rule of law requires that the activities of the party and state organs must be in accordance with the law, and the purpose of management is to protect the rights of citizens. The rule of virtue refers to strengthening the construction of socialist morality, which includes improving the moral quality of the people, as well as improving the integrity and self-discipline of the staff of the party and state organs, as well as the awareness of observing the law and the law. Only by closely combining the party's and state organs and their staff's activities according to law and "official morality" can we implement the party's basic strategy of leading the people to govern the country. [2]
- In addition to applying the rule of law and the rule of virtue, the management of public affairs in socialist countries must also use policy measures. Especially under the premature social conditions for enacting laws, new social relations and social problems must be solved by policies. The policy to be studied by the Institute of Public Management is the result of the Party and the state's elaboration and concreteness of the solution to the overall problem. With the rapid development of contemporary science and technology and the rapidly changing international and domestic conditions, decision-making has become the key to the success of various undertakings. In order to avoid and reduce the mistakes of decision-making, it is necessary to make the decisions scientific and democratic. Promoting the scientific and democratic decision-making, improving the level of decision-making and work efficiency are an important part of sound socialist democracy. Scientificization is a common requirement for decision-making, and there is no essential difference between China and the West. Democratization necessarily reflects the class attributes of a country. The nature of our socialist country determines that our public management decisions necessarily reflect the fundamental interests and will of the people. In capitalist countries, public decision-making in the name reflects the public interest of the entire people, but in fact it safeguards the overall interests of the bourgeoisie.