What Are the Different Types of Agricultural Employment?

Agricultural type is the regional expression of agricultural structure and management method. It is a regional agricultural production system formed by the influence of natural, technical and economic conditions within a certain area and a certain historical development stage. It has relative stability. The International Geographical Union established the Agricultural Types Committee in 1964 to organize countries around the world to conduct agricultural type research. Among them, Polish agricultural geographer J. Kostrowicki has done more research. He proposed to use 4 Group characteristics (society, management technology, production, structure) and 27 indicators divide the world into 61 agricultural types. The research on agricultural types in China is relatively weak, and it is only carried out in a few typical areas, such as Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, Aba Area in Ganzi, Sichuan Province, and Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province. Scientifically classify agricultural types, and provide scientific basis for agricultural regionalization and specialization.

Agriculture type

Agricultural type is the geographical expression of agricultural structure and management methods. Is within a certain area and a certain stage of historical development, because

Type of agriculture

Ecological agriculture is established in accordance with the principles of ecology and economics, using modern scientific and technological achievements and modern management methods, as well as the effective experience of traditional agriculture, and can obtain modern agriculture with higher economic, ecological and social benefits.

Ecological agriculture has the following characteristics:

1. Comprehensive. Ecological agriculture emphasizes giving play to the overall functions of the agricultural ecosystem, starting from large agriculture, and comprehensively planning, adjusting, and optimizing the agricultural structure in accordance with the principles of "integration, coordination, recycling, and regeneration", so that agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, vice, and fishing Comprehensive development of rural and primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and support each other to complement each other and improve comprehensive production capacity.

2. Diversity. Eco-agriculture is aimed at the vast areas of China, where the natural conditions, resource bases, and economic and social development levels vary greatly. It fully absorbs the essence of traditional agriculture in China, combines modern science and technology, and adopts a variety of ecological models, ecological engineering, and colorful technologies. Types of equipment for agricultural production enable each region to develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, and give full play to regional advantages. All industries are developed in accordance with social needs and local conditions.

3. High efficiency. Ecological agriculture realizes economic value-added through material circulation and energy multi-level comprehensive utilization and serialized deep processing, implements waste resource utilization, reduces agricultural costs, improves efficiency, creates internal agricultural employment opportunities for a large number of surplus labor in rural areas, and protects farmers' agricultural employment. Motivation.

4. Persistence. The development of ecological agriculture can protect and improve the ecological environment, prevent and control pollution, maintain ecological balance, improve the safety of agricultural products, change the conventional development of agriculture and rural economy into sustainable development, closely integrate environmental construction with economic development, and maximize the satisfaction of At the same time as people's growing demand for agricultural products, the stability and sustainability of ecosystems will be improved, and agricultural development will be strengthened.

Three- dimensional agriculture

Three-dimensional agriculture refers to the implementation of multi-layered, multi-layered, multi-level, multi-level, multi-level, multi-level A comprehensive agricultural production method for the first-level utilization. Such as three-dimensional planting of paddy fields, dry land, water bodies, ponds, vegetable gardens, gardens, and gardens, etc .; inter-plant, inter-row mixing, banding, and block mixing of forest land; Maintenance, etc. belong to it. Taking the mulberry, fruit-based, and sugarcane-based fish ponds in the Pearl River Delta of China as typical examples, it has the characteristics of multi-level and multi-level utilization.

The three-dimensional agricultural features include the diversity of four biological species, the hierarchical structure of species, the intensive use of resources, the comprehensiveness of production technology, and the marketability of product adjustments.

Agriculture Type Organic Agriculture

Organic Agriculture is based on certain organic agricultural production standards, and does not use genetically-engineered organisms and their products, does not use chemically synthesized pesticides, fertilizers, growth regulators, feed additives and other substances, and follows natural laws. It is an agricultural production method that adopts a series of sustainable agricultural technologies to maintain a sustainable and stable agricultural production system, in accordance with ecological principles, coordinating the balance between planting and aquaculture. The characteristics of organic agriculture can be summarized into four aspects:

Establish a recycling agricultural production system to maintain long-term productivity of the soil.

Treating the soil (enriched with microorganisms), plants, animals, and humans in the system as interconnected organic wholes should receive equal attention and respect from people.

Cultivate in a way that the land and ecological environment can bear, engage in agricultural production in accordance with the laws of nature, and completely use no artificial fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators, etc., fully reflecting the natural nature of agricultural production.

The products of the organic agricultural production system are organic foods processed in full accordance with the prescribed procedures and standards.

Agriculture Type Intensive Agriculture

Intensive agriculture is a way of doing business in agriculture. It is agriculture that concentrates a certain amount of labor and means of production on less land and uses intensive operations for production. Corresponding to extensive agriculture, agriculture that invests more means of production and labor on a certain area of land and increases the output of agricultural products by applying advanced agricultural technology measures is called "intensive agriculture".

Agriculture Type Irrigation Agriculture

Broadly refers to agriculture that irrigates fields with water. Its characteristics are to meet the needs of plants for water through irrigation measures, adjust the temperature of the land and the nutrients of the soil to improve the productivity of the land. Mainly through various agricultural water conservancy irrigation facilities, to meet the needs of crops for water, adjust land temperature, humidity and soil air, nutrients, and improve land productivity. Is a stable and high-yield agriculture. Therefore, irrigated agriculture has been developed all over the world, especially on the banks of large rivers, such as the Mississippi River in North America, the Amazon River in South America, the Yangtze River in Asia, and the Nile Basin in Africa. China's irrigated agriculture has been very developed since ancient times. As early as the early Warring States Period, improvisation of the Dujiangyan water conservancy project has enabled large areas of farmland in the Chengdu Plain to be irrigated.

Specifically refers to agriculture that can only exist in arid and semi-arid areas with very little rainfall.

Agriculture type oil agriculture

Petroleum agriculture is also known as petroleum-intensive agriculture, chemical agriculture, inorganic agriculture or industrial agriculture (industrial agricul-ture). It is a general term for highly industrialized agriculture based on cheap oil in developed countries of the world economy. It is based on the theoretical guidance that expensive production factors (ie manpower, animal power, land, etc.) can be replaced by cheap production factors (ie oil, machinery, pesticides, fertilizers, technology, etc.). Large-scale agriculture based on energy and raw materials such as natural gas and operated with high investment and high energy consumption.

Precision agriculture is supported by information technology. It implements a set of modern agricultural operation technology and management system based on spatial variation, positioning, timing and quantitative implementation. Its basic meaning is to adjust the investment in crops according to the soil characteristics of crop growth. Check out the spatial variation of soil properties and productivity within the field, on the other hand, determine the production goals of the crops, conduct positioning systematic diagnosis, optimized formula, technical assembly, scientific management, mobilize soil productivity, and use the least or most economical input Reach the same income or higher income, improve the environment, use various agricultural resources efficiently, and obtain economic and environmental benefits. Precision agriculture consists of ten systems, namely global positioning system, farmland information collection system, farmland remote sensing monitoring system, farmland geographic information system, agricultural expert system, intelligent agricultural machinery system, environmental monitoring system, system integration, networked management system and Training system. Its core is to establish a perfect farmland geographic information system (GIS), which can be said to be a new type of agriculture with a comprehensive combination of information technology and agricultural production.

Agriculture type facility agriculture

Facility agriculture is to obtain the most suitable growth conditions for plants by changing the natural environment. High input and high output are an advanced production method to increase the level of resource and capital intensification.

Under the environmental conditions that are not suitable for the growth and development of organisms, through the establishment of structural facilities, and on the basis of making full use of natural environmental conditions, artificially create habitat conditions for biological growth and development to achieve high-yield and efficient modern agricultural production methods.

Agriculture Type White Agriculture

White agriculture refers to new industrial agriculture of industrialization of microbial resources, including high-tech biological engineering fermentation engineering and enzyme engineering. The white agricultural production environment is highly clean, there is no pollution during the production process, and its products are safe and free of toxic and side effects. In addition, people wear white overalls and hats for labor production in the factory army, so it is visually called "white agriculture".

Features of white agriculture:

(1) Bio-industrial agriculture

Traditional agriculture is a green planting industry based on water and soil. White agriculture is an industrial agriculture that uses high technology to develop a rich treasure house of microbial resources. It relies on artificial energy, is not restricted by climate and seasons, and can be produced in large scale in the factory all year round.

(Two) expansion agriculture

White agriculture has broadened the production area of traditional agriculture, and changed the production mode of traditional agriculture from "single-phase form" to "multi-phase form". That is, green "open-air agriculture" and white "factory agriculture" coexist; green and white "land agriculture" and blue "aquatic agriculture" co-exist. The development of white agriculture is conducive to the transformation of traditional "two-dimensional" agriculture to new-type "three-dimensional" agriculture.

(Three) resource-saving agriculture

Traditional green agricultural resources are not economical to use. Generally, only 40% -50% of the products produced by one year of labor can be directly used, and the rest are treated as waste. In white agriculture, organic wastes of animals and plants can be converted into feed or food by microbial treatment, thereby saving resources and realizing the recycling and comprehensive utilization of resources.

(4) Efficient and environmentally friendly agriculture

White agriculture has transformed the traditional green agriculture from the "light" (sunshine) and grain-based production methods to the "grass" (straw) and grains. Compared with traditional grain production, it has the characteristics of short production cycle, high yield, high efficiency, no pollution, no toxic and side effects, saving water and land resources, no pollution to the environment, and comprehensive utilization of resources. According to scientific calculations, if 2% of the total world oil production is used for microbial fermentation production, the single-cell protein produced can be eaten by 2 billion people for 1 year.

Agriculture Type Urban Agriculture

Urban agriculture refers to the purpose of meeting the needs of urban consumers, using intensive methods, using natural resources and urban waste, growing various agricultural products in land and water bodies scattered in various corners of cities or suburbs, and processing and marketing them. industry. Such as: urban gap agriculture in Japan, "civil farming agriculture" in Germany, "export-oriented agriculture" in the Netherlands, and so on.

Agriculture type blue agriculture

Blue agriculture refers to marine aquaculture and animal husbandry activities carried out in water bodies. Specifically, all shrimp, shellfish, algae, and fish carried out in shallow waters near the shore, intertidal zone, and indoor and outdoor ponds All types of aquaculture are included.

Agricultural characteristics

Characteristic agriculture is the modern agriculture that transforms the unique agricultural products developed in the region into the famous products of the region. The key point of characteristic agriculture is "special", which is specifically manifested in the following three aspects:

First, the "soul" of characteristic agriculture is that I live alone or that I have exclusive respect. Since ancient times, China has had the principle that "things are rare and precious." For the development of characteristic agriculture, it is only possible to "specialize" people if they have what they have and what they have.

Second, the "root" of characteristic agriculture is talent, which is the natural geographical environment. The natural conditions in different places have been different since ancient times. If you blindly imitate others unrealistically, you will only end up suffering the consequences of labor and property damage.

The third is the "basic" of characteristic agriculture, which is the tradition, that is, the cultivation, breeding or processing habits we usually talk about, especially the advanced agricultural technology. And "rejuvenating agriculture with science and technology" relies on scientific and technological progress. If farmers are forced to engage in special and special care regardless of their skills, it will inevitably lead to the opposite of what is done and less effective. Of course, we do not rule out that some breeding traditions are formed after the day after tomorrow. The key is that to truly form the tradition, we not only need to go through a long gradual cultivation process, but also must conform to the people's hearts and the people's opinions, that is, farmers are willing dry.

High-efficiency agriculture

The concept and connotation of efficient agriculture

(I) Concept: A more comprehensive definition of high-efficiency agriculture is market-oriented, using modern science and technology, making full and reasonable use of resources and the environment, realizing the optimal combination of various production factors, and ultimately achieving the best economic, social and ecological comprehensive benefits Agricultural production and operation model.

(II) Connotation: Efficient agriculture is more than agriculture that earns a lot of money and has high economic benefits. The connotation of benefits includes: economic benefits, social benefits, and ecological benefits. Efficient agriculture is the agriculture with the best comprehensive economic, social and ecological benefits.

Economic benefits refer to the economic benefits that human beings have obtained on the basis of economic effects.

Social benefits refer to the effects and effects of various economic activities such as production or services on social culture, politics, religion, military, and population.

Ecological benefit is a beneficial or beneficial result for human beings in accordance with the law of ecological balance in economic activities, to natural ecosystems, to human production, living conditions and environmental conditions.

Agriculture Type Green Agriculture

Green agriculture includes ecological agriculture, high-efficiency agriculture and postpartum agriculture. All kinds of agricultural production that are conducive to environmental protection and food safety and health can be considered as green agriculture. It is a general term for the production and processing of green food, pollution-free agricultural products, and organic food. The development of green agriculture should gradually adopt high-tech agricultural technology to form a modern agricultural system. The key to strategic transfer is scale and technology. The trend is to open up large domestic and foreign markets. The goal is to achieve sustainable agricultural development and promote agricultural modernization. Sound development to meet the living needs of urban and rural residents in the new century.

Agriculture Type Order Agriculture

Contract agriculture is also called contract agriculture or contract agriculture. This new form of agricultural operation refers to: before agricultural production, farmers and enterprises or intermediary organizations have legally valid production and sales contracts to determine the corresponding rights and obligations between the two parties. Farmers organize production, enterprises or Intermediary organizations purchase products produced by farmers according to contracts.

Agricultural type

Export-oriented agriculture refers to agriculture in which a country or region faces the international market and uses the international division of labor to achieve reproduction. The starting point and foothold of its development is not the domestic market, but the international market. It conducts extensive two-way exchanges of production factors and final products with the international market, and uses the international market to complete the cycle of reproduction. Appropriate production structure, product structure, technical structure and organizational structure form an agricultural operation mechanism and macro management system that are in line with international norms and are conducive to two-way communication.

Type of agriculture

Jitang agriculture is a unique agricultural production method created by the people of the Pearl River Delta according to the characteristics of local natural conditions. Mulberry, sugarcane, fruit trees, etc. are planted on the pond base of the fish pond. They are called mulberry fish pond, cane-based fish pond, and fruit-based fish pond in combination with the fish pond. The foundation ponds promote each other, with Sanji fish ponds being the most typical. Jitang agriculture is a characteristic of the Pearl River Delta agriculture and is concentrated in cities such as Shunde and Nanhai.

Oasis Agriculture

Oasis agriculture is also known as oasis irrigation agriculture and Wuzhou agriculture. Refers to agriculture distributed in places with water sources in arid desert areas. There are old and new. Old oasis agriculture is generally distributed along rivers and lakes in arid desert areas, where piedmont zones and alluvial fan groundwater are exposed. The new oasis agriculture is a new reclamation area opened with the development of social productive forces and the improvement of water conservancy conditions in areas where the agricultural land resources are rich and the development and utilization conditions are superior in arid desert areas. World oasis agriculture is mainly distributed in West Asia, the Midwest of the United States, Central Asia of Russia, and the Sahara of Africa