What Are the Different Types of Green Industry Jobs?
Green ecology is our resource and our wealth. "Green ecology" means "health" and "vitality". Develop green industries, build ecological civilization, and follow ecological laws. For the benefit of mankind, for the country, for yourself and future generations!
Green ecology
(Industrial ecology)
Right!
- Chinese name
- Green ecology
- Foreign name
- green environment
- Meaning
- Guiding ideology for developing green industry
- Green ecology is our resource and our wealth. "Green ecology" means "health" and "vitality". Develop green industries, build ecological civilization, and follow ecological laws. For the benefit of mankind, for the country, for yourself and future generations!
- Communist Party of China
- On the one hand, it can be said that climate change is the biggest challenge facing mankind at present, but on the other hand, if viewed from a positive perspective, this will also be the greatest development opportunity for mankind so far. We call it the "Green Industrial Revolution." The rise of the world. " So what is the difference between this "green industrial revolution" and the previous industrial revolutions? The biggest difference can be said to be that the previous industrial revolutions all relied on fossil energy, so while the total economic output increased, Carbon dioxide emissions are also increasing. The essence of the green industrial revolution is that for the first time, human beings have achieved an increase in industrial or economic output while reducing carbon emissions, or even "decoupling." The most typical case is
- When discussing global climate change and China's green development, in fact, we not only make a commitment to the international community, but more importantly, China needs to take the initiative to reduce emissions. In fact, this is for China's own interests, not just international pressure. This also involves a basic issue of China's development, which is what modernization do we want to develop? In the past, it was always emphasized that "development is the last word", but blindly pursuing development will also produce a "development paradox". This requires a clear understanding of China's own core interests. First of all, it is necessary to discuss China's natural conditions. (1) China's "natural conditions"
Understanding of China's natural conditions is not always there. In 1991, the Department of Geosciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences made a description of China's "national conditions for disasters" for the first time, and the author himself participated. The formulation at the time was that China was a country with a large population, a vast area, uneven development, relatively scarce natural resources, a very fragile ecological environment, extremely frequent natural disasters, and huge impact losses. This was the consensus of Chinese scientists at the time, but it was not a social consensus, let alone a political consensus.
This consensus came into being only after being severely punished by nature. After China suffered a series of natural disasters such as the rain and snow disaster in the south and the Wenchuan earthquake, we formed a political consensus on the national conditions of natural disasters. One of the core points that Comrade Hu Jintao spoke at the National Earthquake Relief Summary and Commendation Conference is to re-understand China's natural conditions: "China is one of the countries with the most severe natural disasters in the world. The loss is heavy. We must deeply understand this basic national situation. " In fact, when Hu Jintao said this, New China had been established for almost 60 years. This passage was not put forward by Mao Zedong in 1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded, which means that it took us a long time to realize this.
In fact, it can be clearly seen from the data that China is already the country most affected by global climate change. From 1990 to 2007, the average number of people affected by natural disasters caused by climate change in the world was about 210 million per year, and China accounted for 110 million of them, equivalent to 52.4% of the world s affected population. This is the most important Basic national conditions. It is this basic national situation that tells us that China itself is the biggest victim of climate change. Although China is a latecomer in the production and emission of greenhouse gases, we have suffered the most.
In addition, from the perspective of the reduction of grain output caused by disasters, in the 1950s, the annual direct grain output reduction caused by disasters in the country was 3.8 million tons, equivalent to 2.1% of the total annual grain output at that time. By the 1990s, the average annual direct grain output reduction had reached 32.9 million tons, equivalent to 7.0% of the total annual average grain output in the same period. Therefore, we can regard natural disasters as the biggest threat to food and agriculture at present.
Looking at the direct economic losses from disasters, the proportion of direct economic losses from disasters to GDP in China has been quite high since the early 1990s. Later, due to the rapid growth of China's GDP, this proportion has declined, but the absolute number of losses has increased significantly. For example, the 2008 snowstorm in the South alone caused direct economic losses of 156.1 billion yuan. With the development of the economy, the GDP per unit of land area is increasing, and the grain output per unit of land area is also increasing, so the losses caused by disasters are also increasing. In addition, the economic losses from disasters accounted for a similarly high percentage of new GDP that year. The author himself was directly involved in the "National Eleventh Five-Year Plan" for comprehensive disaster reduction and prevention, which clearly stated that the direct economic loss of disasters should be less than 1.5% of GDP, but the actual situation in the past two years has exceeded This ratio.
In addition, the losses listed above refer only to direct economic losses and do not include casualties. In fact, the value of human life cannot be measured. Therefore, we also proposed that there should be "two significant reductions" in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan". The first is that the proportion of direct economic losses in GDP has decreased significantly, and the second is that the number of casualties must be significantly reduced.
(2) Changes in China's development model When the Fifth Plenary Session of the Fourteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formulated the Ninth Five-Year Plan in 1995, it was explicitly stated for the first time that China's economic growth mode should be changed. If we look back at the development history of China since then, we can see that the effort to "change the mode of economic growth" was first successful and then reversed. During the period of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" (1996-2000), despite the impact of the Asian financial crisis and insufficient domestic demand, China still maintained an economic growth rate of 8.63%, and now it seems that this is more in line with China's long-term growth potential. digital. A good phenomenon in this period is that China has achieved a low growth in energy consumption, with an average annual rate of only 1.10%, which makes the energy elasticity coefficient very low. For every one percentage point of economic growth in this period, the increase in energy consumption is only 0.127 percentage points, so there is a "decoupling" between energy consumption and economic growth. Most importantly, the absolute amount of carbon dioxide emissions in China at this stage is declining, with an average annual decrease of 2.85%, which is the first time since reform and opening up. So from this we can judge that China's economic growth model during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period has indeed changed.
However, it is a pity that in the 10th Five-Year Plan, energy conservation and emission reduction have not been well emphasized, and it has not been proposed as an important indicator. Therefore, after 2002, China's economy started a new round of high growth while energy consumption also increased sharply. As shown in the data in the right column of Table 2, from 2001 to 2008, China's average annual economic growth rate increased by only 1.6 percentage points compared with the previous period (1996-2000), but the cost of resources and the cost of pollution were huge. For example, the growth rate of energy consumption increased by 8.3 percentage points from the previous stage to 9.4%. So we call it "expensive high growth." From an economic point of view, the "net welfare" of economic development should be equal to nominal GDP minus various losses. If measured by this standard, China's "high growth" at this stage is actually worth more than it pays.
The basic problem encountered by China is not "whether to develop", but how to "scientific and green development." In response to the reversal of China's development model during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, in October 2005, the National Conditions Research Center of Tsinghua University made an independent third-party assessment for the first time, sharply criticizing the failure to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. We must change the mode of economic growth. This report left a deep impression on the leading comrades of the State Council. Aiming at the two outstanding issues during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period-the increase of carbon dioxide emissions and the increase in energy consumption per unit of GDP, the current government clearly put forward quantitative indicators for energy conservation and emission reduction in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, and for the first time used them as indicators. The government's binding indicators were adopted by the National People's Congress in 2006 through legal procedures and officially implemented.
China has created brilliant economic miracles in the past 30 years, which is worthy of recognition. But a prerequisite for achieving these economic successes is that we have successfully created and maintained an international peaceful environment for more than 30 years during this period. If we want to further develop and modernize in the future, we must continue to build a new international peaceful environment, and this international peaceful environment essentially already requires China to provide global public goods, stabilize global climate change, and promote global emissions reduction. This is both an opportunity for China and a responsibility for China. This is the important international and domestic background when we discuss the 12th Five-Year Plan today.
The 13th Five-Year Plan outlines adherence to green development, efforts to improve the ecological environment, adherence to a green rich country, and green benefits to the people, provide more high-quality ecological products to the people, promote the formation of green development methods and lifestyles, and promote the prosperity of the people, the prosperity of the country, and the beauty of China.
Promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature. Use nature in an orderly manner, adjust and optimize the spatial structure, delineate the protection of agricultural and ecological space, and build a scientific and reasonable urbanization pattern, agricultural development pattern, ecological security pattern, and natural shoreline pattern. Establish a unified and standardized national ecological civilization experimental area.
Adjust the size of the city according to the carrying capacity of resources and environment, optimize the form and function of the city based on the landscape, and implement green planning, design, and construction standards.
Support green and clean production, promote the green transformation of traditional manufacturing, promote the establishment of a green and low-carbon recycling development industrial system, and encourage enterprises to upgrade their technology and equipment. Develop green finance and establish green development funds.
Strengthen the education of the national conditions of resources and environment and ecological values, cultivate citizens' environmental awareness, and promote the formation of green consumption awareness in the whole society.