What Does an Equipment Appraiser Do?

Fixed asset evaluation refers to the evaluation of specified assets. Fixed assets refer to labor materials that are used to change or affect labor objects or serve the production and operation of an enterprise when the value of the unit and the period of use are above the prescribed standards. It has a large unit value, a long service life, and the physical form can remain unchanged after multiple production and operation cycles. The evaluation of fixed assets is a relatively complicated task, which has the characteristics of large project differences, many influencing factors, and strong technical engineering. For large-scale appraisal projects, especially the overall asset appraisal of an enterprise, it is usually necessary to design an appraisal technology route in advance and draw up an appraisal operation plan.

Valuation of fixed assets

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Fixed asset assessment refers to the

Machinery and equipment are the main components of fixed assets in industrial enterprises. A feasible way is to divide the equipment into three categories of a, b, and c according to their value, and adopt different evaluation methods according to their characteristics. For category a equipment, a key single assessment should be implemented; for category b equipment, it should be evaluated by classification; for category c equipment, a relatively coarse assessment method is used, which is classified according to the use, type and purchase period of the equipment, and calculated using the straight line depreciation method Rate, the replacement cost is calculated using the price index method. Equipment evaluation should focus on selecting the evaluation method according to the evaluation purpose, and determine what should be included in the evaluation value.

Collect information

2. Design survey and evaluation forms

3. Checking fixed assets to be assessed

4. Divide the type of fixed assets to be assessed

5. Determine the price standards and methods for evaluation

6. Collect and measure various technical parameters

7. Calculate evaluation value and prepare evaluation report

The fixed assets of the enterprise mainly include machine equipment, buildings, construction in progress and land use rights.

1. Machinery and equipment can be evaluated individually or together with other assets of the enterprise. When verifying and verifying enterprise assets, attention should be paid to unpurchased equipment, equipment that has been amortized, leased and leased equipment, building auxiliary equipment, and asset usage. For the evaluation of equipment, the replacement cost method is generally adopted; if there is a second-hand trading market or more trading examples of related machinery and equipment, the current market price method can also be used for evaluation; and for machines that can be used for independent operation and profit Equipment, you can use the present value method to evaluate. When evaluating the purchased machinery and equipment, the following replacement price components should be considered: the purchase price of the equipment itself, transportation costs, installation and commissioning costs, tariffs on imported equipment, capital costs of large machinery and equipment within a certain period, and other reasonable expenses, such as procedures Fees, license fees, vehicle inspection fees, etc. The evaluation of self-made machinery and equipment needs to consider the following replacement price items: manufacturing costs, installation and commissioning costs, reasonable capital costs for large-scale self-made machinery and equipment, reasonable profits, and other necessary and reasonable expenses. If imported machinery and equipment can find a substitute in China, the market price of the substitute on the base date of the assessment should be referred to. For functional or substantive reasons, if a fixed asset is scrapped, the appraised value of the asset is zero.

2. Evaluation of buildings and projects under construction. The valuation of all the buildings and projects under construction of the enterprise generally adopts the replacement value method, that is, under normal circumstances, all the costs required to repurchase the building or the project under construction according to the evaluation base date. All costs include direct costs, indirect costs to be calculated, other costs, and capital costs. Consumption of equipment, materials, and funds that must occur during the construction process is included in the scope of evaluation. Here is a detailed explanation of the evaluation of construction in progress. Construction in progress mainly refers to the improvement and improvement of fixed assets, including productive and non-productive fixed assets, as well as repair, installation, alteration, expansion and overhaul projects that are completed or separately constructed. As for the fixed assets under construction that may exert their intended effects, they should generally be included in the scope of construction in progress assessment. If the enterprise does not manage the project as a construction in progress, it may determine its value in accordance with the actual needs and in accordance with the evaluation method of the construction in progress, remit it into other assets, and explain it in the asset evaluation report. Assets that have been included in the construction in progress accounting item shall be included in the scope of construction in progress assessment after being verified without errors, or be remitted into fixed assets or other assets. Completed construction in progress should generally be classified as assets such as buildings, machinery and equipment, and explained. During the evaluation process, attention should be paid to understanding the specific content of the construction in progress, the start date, the settlement method, the actual completion and quantity of the project, and the actual payment, as well as the payer of the payment that occurred after the evaluation reference date. The determination of the evaluation base date should be easy to divide the degree of completion, accurately calculate the project funds, and try to be as close to the working time of the evaluation site as possible. Obvious physical depreciation, functional depreciation, and economic depreciation should be deducted in the assessment. In the case of normal construction and normal payment of the project, and the start-up time is not more than one year from the evaluation base date, the unreasonable expenses in the actual payment of the project can be deducted, and then adjusted according to the changes in the value of each expense Out of evaluation value. Projects under construction that are profitable upon completion can be valued using the income value approach. That is, the estimated value of the project under construction is obtained by estimating the expected return and converting it into the present value, deducting the additional investment amount and its capital cost.

3 Evaluation of land use rights. The land use right can be evaluated together with the buildings above the ground as real estate, or it can be evaluated together with the entire enterprise. The current market price method, the present value method of income, and the replacement cost method can be used for the evaluation of land use rights. If there is a more developed land use right transaction market, you can first use the current market price method and adjust it according to market trading practices to obtain an evaluation value; otherwise, you can use the present value method to discount the value of the expected return on land use rights. Determine the evaluation value; when neither method is suitable, the replacement cost method can be adopted, which is based on all the expenses required to obtain the existing land use right. Due to different levels of economic development, the benchmark land prices issued by cities in China are not the same. When evaluating land use rights, it is not possible to simply use the base land price of each city as the current fair land value and calculate it as the evaluation value. If the issued benchmark land price has a decisive impact on the local land price, the land use right can be evaluated on the basis of the benchmark land price and in combination with the basic situation of the assessed land and the actual level of land transfer payment. At the same time, you should also understand the components, scope of application and other regulations of the land transfer fee; pay attention to the connection with the assessment of the building, and the cost of land acquisition, development and supporting should not be double calculated or omitted. When evaluating the lease of land use right, the price of the land use right should be calculated according to the lease period, and then the standard annual rent price should be calculated, and the rent payment method set in the assessment should be stated in the asset assessment report. When one party does not contribute the land use fee, but the land use fee is paid by the established company, the appraiser must calculate various development and supporting costs as the land development fee.

Evaluation of corporate current assets

The total current assets refer to the assets realized or consumed by the enterprise during its production and operation activities within a year or an operating cycle. Current assets can be divided into current assets in the form of value and current assets in the form of physical objects, each using different evaluation methods.

For current assets in the form of value, if they are monetary funds, the book value after verification is used as the appraised value. The value of foreign exchange is converted into RMB in accordance with the foreign exchange rate published by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the base date of the evaluation. The amount that can be recovered for good reason, that is, the book value is used as the appraised value; it is likely that the amount cannot be recovered.