What Is a Cruciverbalist?
Simone Weil (19091943) was born in a wealthy Jewish middle-class family in Paris. He was taught by Henry IV Middle School under the then famous French philosopher Alain (EAChartier dit Alain 1868-1951) and was deeply influenced by it.
Simone Weil
- Wei Yi had a wide range of writing during his lifetime. She is both a teacher of philosophy and a hobby of mathematics. She is also a participant in various political movements and has a unique reflection on Marxism. These are described in many works and books about her. The focus of this article is on her theological thoughts, especially on the theological thinking and practice of the concept of God in the theological practice of the Chinese church to gain inspiration and help for us.
- God who created everything in love
- Wei Yi s God is not the unrelenting God who was piled up in a pile of mysterious and mysterious theories and studied by the philosophers and theologians in the study of Hao Shou, but he never cared about human suffering, nor was it to satisfy himself. Idols like lustful officials and corrupt officials created by selfish desires in the world. Regarding these two aspects, she tried her best to reject. She wrote in an essay on the Lord s Prayer: This is our heavenly Father; there is nothing real in us that does not come from him. We belong to him. He loves us because he loves himself, because we belong He, but the Heavenly Father is in heaven, and not elsewhere. If we think that there is a Heavenly Father in the world, it is not him, it is a false God. "[6] Indeed, from Wei Yi s believer experience and her philosophy Starting from the background, we find that he attaches great importance to God's transcendence, which is inseparable from his environment of the times. She must respond to the trend of European society deified the society, the nation, and the German nation. The problem in Europe is to cancel the transcendence of God in the Christian tradition and the difference between sacred and secular. The sacred is no longer sacred and the secular becomes sacred. Therefore, he pointed out sharply: "The fallacy of our time is due to non-supernatural Christianity. Le la & iuml; cisme is the reason-first of all humanism." [7] Even she took God's transcendence It is a good thing to think that God is "hidden in the universe with supernatural intangibility" and "they are hidden in the soul invisible, which is a good thing." [8] Because it is avoided that things that are not God are worshipped as God, Maybe Wei Yi didn't want to fight with any thoughts, but she knew very well that without God's supernatural nature, idolatry would inevitably occur. On the surface, Wei Yi s God is somewhat like the concepts of Taiyi and Absolute Idea constructed in the metaphysics of philosophers. Coupled with Wei Yi s good philosophical qualities, it may make people wonder whether this God is still the eternal Is the living God, the master of the creation, Wei Yi overkill? But Wei Yi herself answered such questions in her works. Her God is not an unemotional God. Instead, her God not only sits in the sky, but also looks down on the sorrowful beings and voluntarily comes to them and suffers with them all because he is love. Wei Yi wrote: "God came to us through the vast world." [9] Moreover, the God who came to us was a God who "created out of love, created for love ... only created the love itself and the means of love, and not created it" [10].
- The love of God is the primacy of his attributes. "First, God is love. First, God is self-love. This love, this friendship in God, is the Trinity." [11] This as a person and person The connection of love is the starting point of Wei Yi's outlook on God. We can see that in the long and 2,000-year history of Christianity, Wei Yi's mystic tradition has consistently emphasized the attribute of God's love. Obviously, love is not only the core concept of the mystic tradition, but also the core concept of the Christian faith. God is love is self-evident truth. From the works of the medieval mystics, we can see their special emphasis repeatedly. For example, the well-known 13th-century female mystic Hadwig thinks that love is broader, farther, deeper, and deeper than everything that heaven and earth can include. God's love transcends everything. [12] Another prestigious Russbruck said: "... Everything is completely loved by the Father and the Son in the overflow of the Holy Spirit. This is what the Father and the Son are doing. Encounter; we are lovingly embraced by the Holy Spirit in eternal love. "[13] Wei Yi inherited this mystic's knowledge of God and had her own understanding, she put God's love is directly placed with God's creation: "Everything that exists in its existence is also supported by God's creative love." Similarly, as friends of God, we should "love the things that exist, So that their love for all things on earth will blend with the love of God. " [14] It can be said that, contrary to the imagination of some of us: not to separate God from God's creation, but to see God's love from the beauty of all things, which is the mainstream of Christian mysticism.
- The unfortunate meaning: The cross of Christ
- Wei Yi's view of God not only emphasizes the love of God, but also emphasizes that the lover's God loves a person to such an extent that he participates in human suffering. Suffering God is a major theme of the 20th-century theological trend. Many theologians think of God s suffering with their minds in anticipation of giving an answer to the suffering of the world. And Wei Yi did her best to stand with the suffering God. Starting from her own understanding, the suffering God is the God on the cross. In her mysterious experience, "When Christ suddenly came to me, neither the senses nor the imagination had any involvement; I only felt the coming of some kind of love in pain, this love is like a kind face The smile you see on it. "[15]
- In pain and misfortune, Wei Yi saw the truth of Christianity. We all know that since the Reformation, Luther's "theology of the cross" has largely shown the old and new doctrine of God's suffering and misfortune in Christ for our sake. When Luther talked about how God shared the suffering of Christ, he explicitly used the term "Deus Crucifixus". [16] The sufferings and misfortunes of Christ are, to a large extent, the misfortunes and sufferings of God. In misfortunes and misery, God's love has come to humans in extraordinary ways. And Wei Yi also said, "What is the abyss of love on both sides!" [17]
- We all know that since Leibniz raised the issue of orthodoxy, the question surrounds why God Almighty and Almighty tolerates sin and misfortune in the world. I do nt know how much theologian or philosopher s brain has been hurt. People even use this as an excuse to protest the suffering God. It can be said that in the modern Christian trend of thought, the issue of orthodoxy is a problem that must be faced and cannot be avoided. Starting from her mystic position, Wei Yi seeks to find the answer in the encounter between Christ and man, through the experience of human misfortune and suffering.
- The slight difference between Wei Yi and other Christian thinkers is that she thinks misfortune is absolute. The misfortune of beings cannot be eliminated. She said: "Unfortunately: time brings thinking people, regardless of their wishes, to what she cannot bear but is bound to come." [18] Dr. Liu Xiaofeng explained this: "This means that people pass Nothing can finally eliminate the misfortune of survival ... The misfortune of human beings and life will coexist due to contingency. Sadness will always be accompanied by the contingency of human existence and regrets. "[19] Moreover, Wei Yi firmly rejected The doctrine of so-called exercise that rebukes misfortune can also benefit people, and she believes that sin and pain are not misfortune if they are perceived as beneficial or can cause noble glory. Unfortunately, it is unfortunate because it is a complete negation of life, an event that comes to someone and completely destroys it. [20] The greatest misfortune is the absence of God. Make everything void and meaningless. Therefore, Wei Yi does not regard Christianity as an escape or anesthesia from sufferingas Marx thought. On the contrary, she thought that even Christ suffered the same misfortune, and it was the greatest misfortune that man could not bear. God emptied himself in Christ, and God was not present. So he shouted on the cross: "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me!" But then God's love was revealed, and the suffering of Christ became another "blessed misfortune". In this misfortune, God empties his existence. This emptiness reveals the infinite mystery of God's love in the broken life. [21] In this way, every person who is most devoted to courtship should come to stand with God in misfortune, with Christ on the cross, until the soul and Christ utter the same cry. Really feel that God is a world-loving person, this is the true person who loves God, and Christians are just such people. This is the true meaning of saying "a God similar to God, but suffering on the cross ... therefore, a loving God, a loving God, should suffer". [twenty two]
- Unfortunately, it can be said to be meaningless, because it means that God is absent and thus cancels all the meaning of existence; but misfortune is given meaning on the cross of Christ, because it means the day when the extreme cross was set up From then on, God's love passed through all the abyss to the unfortunate. "Efforts must be made to find a more fulfilling reality in the sufferings of nothingness and emptiness. Likewise, love for life to love death more." [23] This may be the life of Wei Yi and the millions of Christians like him. The best comment.
- "Atheism to Cleanse Sin" and "Extra Christians"
- Wei Yi's belief has been controversial. The biggest reason may be that she has never been baptized and has actively refused to be baptized, although she has shown that she loves religious rituals and is not disgusted by it. Instead, she has participated in mass and festivals many times. And she received a lot of spiritual help and satisfaction in it. From the available information, I doubt if she went to the Holy Communion without receiving baptism. [24] Moreover, some people are still not sure whether Wei Yi has "sure of being saved". Because Wei Yi also said after her conversion: "True contradiction. God exists, God does not exist." And she must also have "atheism that purifies the concept of God" [25] It seems that Wei Yi is not only a Christian member, I am afraid that even denying faith in Christ is a problem. Not only did she speak for atheism, she even sought the basis for faith for the gods of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Greek mythology. In her letter to a monk, she wrote: "Since the birth of Christianity, Some people ("infidels", "pagans", "unbelievers") also have a love and knowledge of God. In a broader sense, they believe that since the birth of Christianity, Christians have been more important than some non-Christian nations, such as It is doubtful that India has more love and knowledge of God. "[26] In this letter, he made a detailed comparison of the doctrines and thoughts of various religions and came to a profound conclusion:" If we understand that Greek geometry and Christianity are emanating from the same source, how big will our lives be! "[27] When reading these words from Wei Yi, some people may be angry. , Will be dumbfounded, will be disgusted ... but no one will deny that underneath these words is a beating simple and true conscience.
- In fact, Wei Yi is not a Christian in the traditional sense, but she is definitely a Christian following Christ. She tells us the truth with her statement that God still works outside the visible church. Let s take a look at her so-called atheism and refusal to baptize. Not to explain and defend him, but to let us touch this beautiful soul.
- At the beginning we have to understand: Wei Yi's confession met God completely from the unfortunate situation of his existence, not any doctrine or philosophy. This determines that she must be a real person who knows and follows Christ in her life. Determined that she must be a mystic.
- The reason why Wei Yi wrote the above paragraph that seems uncertain about the existence of God is that she truly thought about the situation of human existence. On the one hand, she knew that for a rational mind, accepting a supernatural existence is a matter of Whatever is difficult. "I firmly believe that there is no God, but in this sense, that is, I am sure that there is nothing real similar to what I might conceive with the name I said." She then said more firmly and forcefully: "But what I can't imagine is not fantasy." After reading this, we suddenly realized that Wei Yi was not denying the existence of God. Wei Yi was well trained in reasoning since he was a child. He was good at mathematics, logic, language and philosophy. With a high level of literacy, she is not denying the benefits of reason. It is using reason to explain the inability and helplessness of reason in proving whether God has a problem. Proving God by reason does not work.
- At the same time, Wei Yi treats atheism with a particularly open attitude. She wrote: "There are two kinds of atheism, one of which is the purification of the concept of God." "Among two people who have never experienced God, those who deny God may be closest to God." [28 ] Wei Yi is not without reason. She also said: "The false God is similar to the true God in all aspects, unless people do not touch him, otherwise he will forever prevent people from approaching the true God." [29] In fact, Wei Yi's so-called "purging sin "Atheism" does not mean that he wants to abandon God, but that he wants to abandon the artificial and false concept of God. Compared to atheists, especially those who are truly willing to pursue justice, goodness, and all goodness in the world, Those false believers are farther from God.
- Wei Yi refuses to accept baptism, which comes from her profound experience of the church and the artificial system. Speaking about why she did not receive baptism to join the church, she said, "I don't think I will ever go to church under any circumstances, so as not to separate myself from ordinary people because of religion." [30] She It is inevitable that the church as a social organization on earth has a "natural tendency to abuse power." In the history of the church, the church has made many mistakes: wage political wars in the name of religion, and persecute heretics. , Oppressing all social classes. As an outsider, she painfully saw that there were many artificial factors in the church. "Except for pure mysticism, Roman idolatry has stained everything." [31]
- Wei Yi never denies the goodness and beauty outside the church. She thinks this is also the creation of God. She profoundly pointed out: "There are so many things outside the church that make me love and do not want to give up. These things must be loved by God, otherwise they will not exist .... All this is often degraded by the church. In fact, it is not completely worthless "and these things include" Greece, Egypt, Ancient India and Ancient China, the beauty of the world, these pure and simple beauty reflected in science and art .... I can even say even more Many. In short, it is all this love outside of the superficial Christian religion that keeps me out of the church. "[32] But staying outside the church does not mean outside Christ, and Wei Yi uses her own Practice tells us that she has been expecting the coming of God in love and misfortune.
- "Wei Yi's life and death are the great testimony of the Christian spirit of the 20th century, the great testimony that keeps the Christian faith full of vitality, the great testimony that Christ is still among us and that God is still alive." [33] Some combing. We can clearly feel the simplicity and innocence of her faith. At the same time, her thoughts have profound implications for us.
- First of all, as for the Christian mysticism tradition, there are many people, especially those outside the religion, who always regard it as a religion that is passive and escapes reality. Wei Yi used her own thinking and practice to provide the best refutation of this wrong view. She believes that God makes us love this "homeland" world and its beauty. [34] Wei Yi herself set an example, participated in the labor of the factory, and shared the hardships and hardships with the working people. When the nation fell, he stepped forward and participated in the resistance movement abroad, until he became overworked and died of poverty. In. Her life and thought have deeply influenced contemporary Christian faith. As Madall said: "The number that can change a life is very small, and Wei Yi's book belongs to this kind of book. After reading its book, it is difficult for readers to maintain the situation before reading ..." [ 35] So much so that her
Simone Weil stems from expectations
- From expectations
- 01 On the misfortune of the innocent
- 02 On Necessity and Obedience
- 03 Soul toward God
- 04 Quality of Attention
- 05 The most precious wealth is not to be found
- 06 Only justice makes the will harmonious
- 07 Listen to the voice of an unfortunate
- 08 Thanks to those who do nt know who to give bread to
- 09 Love the Order of the World
- 10 Beauty is the only purpose in the world
- 11 Physical love desires the beauty of the world
- 12 Common Light Illuminates Beings
- 13 Love religious etiquette activities
- 14 eyes on perfect purity
- 15 Holy things don't have to be laborious
- 16 friendship as human love
- 17 Inner Love and Outward Love
- 18 Burden and Divine grace
- 19 Nether and Reward
- 20 Accepting the Void
- 21 Transcendence
- 22 Imagination to Fill the Void
- 23 Abandon time
- 24 Objectless Longing
- 25 me
- 26 Lost Creation
- 27 Hidden
- 28 Necessity and obedience
- This book is some of the essays of Wei Yi. Her writing has an extraordinary beauty. This beauty makes us wonder if her existence is real. Wei Yi's thinking is different from anyone. Yes, she is God's crazy lovers, followers ... this gives us a good reason to explain the unimaginable absoluteness and apathy in her writing.
- Here are a few excerpts from my excerpt, I hope everyone can feel something:
- 1 People can accept misfortune only if they see it at some distance.
- 2 Love truth means accepting emptiness, followed by emptiness, and then death. Truth is with death.
- 3 Attachment is not something else. It is just a deficiency in real feelings. People attach and possess things, because people think that if they no longer own it, they will no longer exist. Many people don't understand it with all their hearts and minds. There is a big difference between the destruction of a city and the fact that they are away from it forever.
- 4 Everything that exists is definitely not worth loving.
- Therefore, love what does not exist.
- However, this non-existent object of love is not imagined. Because our imagination cannot be more worthy of love than ourselveswe are not worthy of love ourselves.
- 5 Beauty is a fruit that people look at without reaching for it;
- It is also a misfortune that people look at it without retreating.
- 6 There is a misfortune: people cannot afford to carry it on, nor can they get rid of it.
- 7 Limitation is proof that God loves us.
- ...
- This book is what interests me. She does not love God as much as she wants to be an angel. Her love for God is abandoned.
Simone Weiyi's Burden and Divine grace
- Burden and Divine grace