What Is a Documentarian?

The documentary is based on real life as the creative material, real people and real events as the object of expression, and the artistic processing and display of it. It is based on the reality of the reality and uses the reality to cause people to think about the film or television art form. The core of the documentary is truth. The birth of the film began with the creation of documentaries. In 1895, the experimental films such as "The Gates of the Factory" and "The Train Entering the Station" filmed by France's Louis Lumiere were documentary in nature. The recording of Chinese documentary films began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The first was Dingjun Mountain in 1905. Some of the earliest shots, including the social features of the late Qing Dynasty, and historical figure Li Hongzhang, were shot by foreign photographers. Documentaries can be divided into movie documentaries and television documentaries.

Documentary

(Movie or television art form)

The documentary is

Ji He Ji has a division of labor, and the two appear on different occasions with certain regularity. The same characteristic is that Ji He Ji can be used as a verb or a noun.

"Record" is generally used only as a noun, which means that it is recorded in a certain period and within a certain range

The film showed its record function as soon as it appeared. The earliest films in the world were documentaries. On December 28, 1895, L. was officially screened in the Indian Hall of the Grand Cafe at 14 Capsin Avenue in Paris.

When facing overseas audiences, in addition to having market awareness, pay attention to the cultural differences of different countries, and shoot with methods that are easy to be accepted by the other audience. ^[2]

According to the American scholar Bill Nichols, documentaries can be divided into the following six types:

Poetic Documentary

Poetic documentaries appeared in the 1920s. Represents Rain as Joris Ivens. This type of documentary does not emphasize narrative, the creation of specific time and space, and does not emphasize coherent editing. It focuses on the creation of rhythm and the juxtaposition of different spaces with the purpose of conveying emotions and moods.

Explanatory Documentary

Explanatory documentaries also appeared in the 1920s. Most of China's documentaries before the "New Documentary Movement" in the 1990s (whether the concept was established or doubtful) belonged to this category. This kind of documentary propaganda has a clear intention, and the creator relies on the power of the commentary to persuade the audience to accept their opinions. Typical features in the form are "voice-of-God", evidence clips, omniscient viewpoints, and so on.

Observational Documentary

Observational documentaries appeared in the 1960s, and their technical basis was the advent of camcorders and tape cameras. This kind of documentary gave up commentary and acting, and the director of the documentary became "fly on the wall". In recent years, many documentaries of this type have appeared in China, such as Duan Jinchuan's "16 Barkhor Street" and Kang Jianning's "Yin and Yang". This kind of documentary is longer than the real world expression, but it is difficult to deal with historical subjects. As abandoning understanding and subtitles, the expression of images can easily become tedious and tedious.

Participatory Documentary

Participatory documentaries appeared in the 1960s. Representative works are Jean Rouch and Edgar Morin's Chronicle of Summer. This type of documentary does not hide the director's presence. Instead, it deliberately emphasizes the director's interaction with the subject. The feature "The Great Wall", which marks a new stage in the creation of Chinese documentaries, has this feature.

Reflexive Documentary

Reflective documentaries appeared in the 1980s. The masterpiece is Surname Viet Given Name Nam. The salient feature of this type of documentary is the reflection on the documentary film's presentation of the social and historical process itself. Like other types of documentaries, reflective documentaries pay attention to the expression of the real world, but more importantly, the director also reflects on the documentary creation itself in the film. Such films often appear more abstract and difficult to understand. For Chinese documentary creators and viewers, this type of documentary is still unfamiliar.

Representational documentary (Performative)

The behavioral documentary magnifies the real events subjectively and deviates from the style of realism. Emphasize the subjective expression of the creator. Representative works such as "Tongues Untied" by Marlon Roggs. This type of documentary is often close to avant-garde.

There is no fixed uniform standard for the classification of documentary films. According to the different themes and expression methods, they are generally divided into the following categories:

"It doesn't matter to me what means a movie uses, whether it is a performance feature film or a documentary film. A good film should show truth, not facts."

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In the audiovisual compatible documentary audiovisual space, the subjectivity of the picture is beyond doubt. But the role of sound language, especially commentary, cannot be underestimated. It plays a vital role in the ups and downs of the documentary, the interpretation of history, the explanation of the background, the narration of the plot, the sublimation of the theme, the expression of emotions, the definition of the mood and the rendering of the atmosphere.

First, vivid image, finishing touch

The vivid commentary words are concise, concise, beautiful and smooth, which can bring endless charm and beauty to the audience.

Second, humorous and funny

The humorous documentary commentary not only expresses the emotions and feelings of the creator, conveys the messages and emotions that are difficult to express in the language of the picture, but also allows the audience to obtain the "aesthetic expectations" in another "aesthetic space".

Third, lyrical freehand brushwork

The commentary of the documentary is close to prose in style, and pays more attention to the expression of emotion and the infusion of poetry in the use of language. China's traditional artistic creation attaches great importance to freehand and pay attention to artistic conception. TV documentary commentary with "meaning" added, will be very charming.

Fourth, full of philosophy, meaningful

The documentary reveals an unrealistic universal significance and eternal value through keen observation of things, profound insights into life, insight into society, and reflections on the rationality of life.