What Is a Neonatal Nurse Practitioner?

Newborn care means that the bedroom of a newborn should be quiet, clean, elegantly furnished and sunny. If possible, the indoor temperature of the baby can be controlled between 24 degrees and 28 degrees, and the humidity is about 60 degrees and 65 degrees.

Newborn care

Try to maintain a quiet environment and don't let your child wake up when feeding or changing diapers at night (preferably in a half-sleep state). This makes it easier to fall asleep after feeding or changing diapers. Don't let your child sleep too much during the day, sleep too much during the day, and naturally don't sleep well at night.

When you find your child is drowsy, put it in the crib in time. It is best to let the child fall asleep by himself if you hug or shake him every time. Then whenever you wake up at night, he will let you hug or shake him to fall asleep.

Chinese name: Newborn care
Foreign name: neonatal nursing
profession: Nursing / Nursing

Pinyin: xin sheng er hu li
Temperature requirements: The indoor temperature can be controlled between 24 degrees and 28 degrees
Humidity requirements: Humidity is about 60 degrees to 65 degrees

"Newborn period" mainly refers to the fetus from the mother

Milk powder cannot surpass breast milk

Breast milk contains a variety of nutrients needed for the growth and development of the newborn, which is suitable for the digestion and absorption of the gastrointestinal function of the newborn, and its quality and quantity will change to meet the growth and development needs of the baby. In particular, colostrum is rich in immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and other immune-active substances, which can enhance the anti-infection ability of newborns. These are all irreplaceable claims for "milk powder with infinite access to breast milk". ^[1]

The sleeping position affects breathing, and the newborn's head is relatively soft. A good sleeping position is conducive to the development of the skull. It is recommended to have a comfortable small pillow with a thickness of 1-2 cm, with a slight depression in the middle and a slight rise at both ends.

The best sleeping position is to lie supine or sideways to avoid compressing the chest and lungs. It is recommended to take side sleep after feeding to avoid choking caused by milk overflow or coughing. When taking the supine position, the body position should be changed frequently. Because of the strong activity, you can take a prone position in the first few days of birth to facilitate the secretion of respiratory secretions and prevent vomitus from flowing back into the trachea. However, you must remove the pillows and lay your head sideways. .

Newborns usually sleep 18 to 20 hours a day, but babies under the full moon should not sleep for a long time. Parents should wake up every 2 to 3 hours to facilitate feeding.

It is especially necessary to pay attention to lying on the side and not to the left or to the right all the time, and to sleep on the side alternately to prevent crooked neck.

1. Keep the environment as quiet as possible. When feeding or changing diapers at night, do not let the child wake up (preferably at

Newborn feeding is a great science. Expert opinion is that after birth

When nursing a newborn, pay attention to hygiene and wash your hands before each treatment to prevent the contaminated bacteria from bringing on the delicate skin of the newborn.

Newborns born shortly

Attention should be paid to the cleanliness of the face and the mouth of the external ear canal, but no digging of the external ear canal and nasal cavity. The oral mucosa is delicate, the blood vessels are abundant, and it is easy to be scratched to cause infection. Therefore, you should not scrub your mouth often, and you can't use needles, especially unclean needles, to pick the small white spots on the gums-epithelial beads (commonly known as

1. Physiological jaundice is mistaken for hepatitis

Neonatal jaundice begins in 2 to 3 days after birth, and is most obvious after 4 to 5 days. It naturally subsides in 7 to 14 days. The condition is generally good and there are no adverse reactions. It is called "physiological jaundice". If the jaundice disappears within 10 days, it is not ill, and it is not hepatitis, it is called "physiological jaundice." It usually appears on the 4th to 5th day after birth and disappears about a week later. Jaundice in preterm infants can persist until 14 days.

(1) The destruction of red blood cells in children increases the indirect bilirubin in the blood and makes the skin yellow.

(2) Immature liver development in newborns, enzymes produced by liver cells (

The baby was born. In the face of this soft baby, many novice mothers are at a loss and don't know how to take care of the newborn. Here are some tips for nursing newborns. I hope everyone likes it.

Skin care:

Newborns do not need soap. Soap is a degreaser and the baby's skin is delicate. He needed to keep all the natural oils, so he had to wash them with water 6 weeks ago. After 6 weeks, use any soap of your choice. You might want to try a special liquid soap, which just needs to be added to the bath water, without having to rinse. Be sure to scrub all creases thoroughly with soapy fingers before rinsing. Dry your skin thoroughly. Moist, wrinkled areas can easily cause inflammation; never use talcum powder.

Eye Care:

When cleaning the eyes of the baby, first moisten a few cotton balls in wet water, then squeeze the water. When you close each closed eye, you need to change a new cotton ball from the inner corner of the eye to the outside. Rub the corners of your eyes.

Nose and ear care:

The nose and ear are self-cleaning organs, so you shouldn't try to stuff anything inside or interfere with them in any way. Stuffing a cotton ball into your nostrils or ears will only push things that are there inward. It's much better to let the contents fall out naturally. Never give medicine to your baby's ears or nose unless directed by a doctor. Even if you do, don't try to pull ear wax out of your baby's ears. Ear wax is a natural secretion of the skin in the external ear canal. This thing is antibacterial, and it prevents dust and fine sand from getting close to the eardrum. Some babies have more earwax than others, but they can only produce more earwax from the ears. Picking up earwax can cause ear inflammation, so don't worry about it. If you are worried about it, you can consult your doctor.

Care of the navel:

Once the baby is born, the umbilical cord is clamped and immediately cut, leaving only 5-8 cm of root. After a few days, the umbilical cord dries up, and then it comes off.

Your doctor may suggest that you gently wipe the umbilical cord with a 0.2% -0.5% polyvinyl alcohol ether iodine solution every day, and then cover it with sterile gauze. Ventilate this area as much as possible, as this will help speed up contraction and healing. If you notice signs of redness, fluid outflow, or other infections, consult a health consultant or doctor. You don't have to wait until the umbilical cord has healed before you take a bath, just dries it thoroughly after bathing.

Some babies suffer from

Eczema is a common, complex-caused skin inflammation.

Shortly after birth, some hard idiots with black scales fused together gradually appear at the front door of the head, which is not easy to remove, and is called "fetal scale". This is due to the accumulation of oils and fats secreted by the sebaceous glands, which are generally not itchy and have no effect on the child's health, but they look dirty, and the newborn may feel uncomfortable. Therefore, it should be removed. The best method is to apply a topical wipe with disinfected vegetable oil or paraffin oil and wrap it to fully soften the tire scale. Generally, it can be easily wiped off with gauze after 12 hours, so that it will not cause any bad skin Irritating and will not scratch the skin.

In the hot summer, due to hot weather and crying in children, sweating is more, and the skin of the newborn is delicate and often easy to be born.

During delivery, the fetus is in the uterus, the cranial cap and the maternal pelvis indirectly rub, or the fetal head is compressed due to the strong birth canal, which causes the blood vessels under the periosteal rupture, and blood accumulates in the affected area, forming a head hematoma.

Cranial hematomas generally do not require treatment, they only need to protect the skin from infection. Do not puncture and draw blood, because semi-coagulated blood is not easy to draw, and it is easy to induce infection, which is extremely dangerous. As occasionally

Newborn

Neonatal umbilical cord hemorrhage is often divided into two cases.

1. After the umbilical cord is shed, bleeding from local granulation tissue is more common, often secondary to infection, and accompanied by a small amount of purulent secretions. Can be treated with 0.2% -0.5% polyvinyl alcohol ether complex iodine solution. If necessary, antibiotics, vitamin K and other drugs can be used to facilitate recovery as soon as possible.

If the condition is more serious, please go to the hospital for treatment.

2. Umbilical artery hemorrhage is rare. Due to the large umbilical cord, loosening of the knot after shrinkage, it is easy to cause bleeding. Such bleeding occurs mostly within 24 hours after birth. Sometimes because the umbilical cord is cut too much, the knots loosen and fall off by themselves, but also because the umbilical cord is too thin and too tight, breaking the blood vessels and causing bleeding. This kind of bleeding should be reprocessed in the umbilical cavity, ligating the umbilical cord, and suture the broken blood vessels to prevent anemia caused by excessive bleeding. Patients with severe bleeding can be given blood transfusions.

Neonatal umbilicus has mucus or purulent secretions with a foul odor. When the skin around the umbilical fossa becomes red, it is called umbilitis. Due to umbilical inflammation

The temperature of the newborn is generally below 37.5 ° C. If it exceeds this temperature, it indicates that the newborn has fever. There are many reasons for the fever of the newborn, but it is common in the following aspects.

1. Overheating caused by high ambient temperature, such as hot water bottle or indoor stove, resulting in excessive room temperature. Because the newborn's body temperature regulation function is not perfect, it can not maintain the balance of heat production and heat dissipation, and this kind of fever only needs to adjust the ambient temperature without treatment.

2. Dehydration fever Newborns born in the hot summer suffer from dehydration due to sweating, low milk intake, and other factors, and body temperature rises ranging from 38 ° C to 40 ° C, but the general condition of the newborn is good and the mental response is normal After giving water or rehydration, the body temperature will drop rapidly, and the fever rarely exceeds one day, which is called "dehydration fever". This fever only needs to be replenished with sufficient fluid. No other special treatment is required.

3. Fever caused by infectious diseases is often divided into prenatal infection, postpartum infection and postpartum infection. Prenatal infections (unclean inspection,

Neonatal anuria can be caused by congenital renal deficiency or urinary tract malformations, or by the kidneys' late urination. In general, 99% of newborns urinate for the first time within 36 hours of birth, but if they have not urinated for more than 36 hours, they can be given oral sugar water or intravenously injected with 5% grape soup, which will be excreted after the above treatment. It may be that the kidneys are urinating late. If there is still no urine, it may be renal insufficiency or urinary tract malformations, which requires further examination.

Neonatal blood vessels are brittle and tender. At birth, the small blood vessels in the eye sclera rupture and bleed due to the compression of the birth canal. Therefore, after birth, there are bright red patches of bleeding on the sclera (white eyeball). This kind of bleeding generally does not require any special treatment and can be absorbed by itself after a few days.

Sudden belching often occurs within 2 to 20 days after birth. especially

Red buttocks are mainly caused by the irritation of the soft skin of newborns, which can cause hip rupture in severe cases. Therefore, the diapers used by newborns should be clean, soft, and absorbent. Do not place plastic or rubber blankets under the diapers, because both plastic and rubber blankets are impermeable to air. After use, children's buttocks will always be in Red buttocks are more likely to occur in hot and humid environments. When washing a diaper, the soap or alkaline components in the diaper should be washed, and then scalded with boiling water and dried in the sun for reuse.

If red buttocks appear, corresponding measures should be taken. In addition to frequent diaper changes and washing the skin of the buttocks with warm water after each diaper change, red buttocks cream (with cod liver oil drops and vaseline) Ointment) or coated with disinfected vegetable oil. You can also use a light bulb or hair dryer to bake locally to promote

What is the cryptorchidism of a baby boy?

When the embryo is two months old,

Newborns can take a bath after birth. Clean clothes and diapers should be prepared before taking a bath. The room temperature should be controlled between 24 ° C and 26 ° C. The water temperature should be close to the newborn's body temperature or about 37.5 ° C. Bathing should be done before milking, in case it happens during the bath

Because newborns respond slightly to the smell of medicines, it is relatively easy to feed older children with older medicines, although they should be treated with caution. First fix the newborn's head and hands by hand to prevent excessive movement. Then use a small spoon to place the medicine on the base of the tongue and let it swallow naturally. Do not pinch the medicine to prevent it from inhaling the trachea.

Since newborn

Mosquitoes are hot and humid, and their larvae breed in stagnant water. So the first step is to clean up all the water in your home. Aquatic plants such as evergreen and rich bamboo at home, trays for flowerpots, empty containers in balconies and rooftops, etc., are all places where mosquitoes are born. Therefore, parents should clear them in time. In order to prevent the baby from being bitten by Aedes mosquito and getting dengue fever.

In addition to cleaning up the water in the home, parents also need to install screen doors and screens at home, and regularly spray mosquito-killing sprays at home. Parents should take care to avoid the baby's presence when spraying pesticides, so as to prevent the pesticides from being inhaled by the baby, ingesting toxins or causing skin allergies.

When parents bring their baby out, they need to avoid the shade, grass, waterside, gazebo, etc., and prepare mosquito repellent for the baby. Also pay attention to avoid your baby's strenuous exercise, so as to prevent the body from secreting too much lactic acid to attract mosquitoes. Baby should wear long-sleeved trousers if necessary, and use air-conditioning in indoor areas.

Your baby's skin is very tender, especially small butts. Improper care can easily cause diaper rash, so be sure to

What to do if the newborn has a blocked nose

In fact, nasal obstruction in newborns is caused by a reason. This is because newborns' nasal mucosa is soft and rich in blood vessels. It is easy to be congested and edema when they encounter a slight cold, which makes the originally narrow nasal cavity more narrow and occluded. The presence of nasal secretions is also a common cause of nasal obstruction.

In addition, if the mother is taking reserpine and antihypertensive drugs during pregnancy, it will also indirectly affect the newborn and cause nasal obstruction.

What should I do if my newborn's nose is blocked? If it is caused by congestion or edema of the nasal mucosa, 0.5% ephedrine solution can be used to nasal, one drop of medicine on each nostril, and the interval between two nostrils is 3-5 minutes. You can usually order medicine before going to bed or feeding. However, it should be noted that the head of the child should be tilted slightly when dispensing the medicine to ensure that the medicine can be completely dripped into the nasal cavity and function.

If it is caused by nasal secretions, the secretions can be gently rolled out with a cotton swab. If it is a dry secretion, apply some ointment or eye ointment to make it soft or no longer adhere to the mucous membranes, then carefully remove it with a cotton swab; or use cotton wool to stimulate the nasal mucosa of the newborn Causes sneezing and promotes the discharge of nasal secretions, thereby achieving the purpose of nasal patency.

Baby's frontal cardia

A human skull is composed of two parietal bones, two frontal bones, two temporal bones, and occipital bones. When the baby was born, these bones were not well developed, the bone seams were not completely closed, and there was a rhomboid space in front of the head.

1. Temperature The indoor temperature should be kept at about 25 . If the temperature is too high, it may cause the newborn's body temperature to rise and a fever phenomenon. At this time, the baby should be hydrated in time.

If the room temperature does not reach 20 ° C, it may cause the baby to have a blocked nose. Too low room temperature is not good for the health of the newborn. At this time, you should try to increase the indoor temperature and place the warm water bag outside the baby's quilt (or sleeping bag). Don't stay close to the baby and let the small environment warm up. Okay.

2. Clothing In general, under the above room temperature conditions, the baby is wearing a thin cotton shirt with a thin cotton shirt inside, and no need to add sweaters and other clothing. The quilt (or wrap) should not be too tight or too tight. It should be loose and appropriate.

3. When taking a bath, properly raise the indoor temperature, move fast, take short time, and prepare more water. The water temperature should be around 40 ° C. Try to finish washing in less than 10 minutes, and quickly dry and dress your baby.

4. The skin of the newborn is delicate, especially the wrinkled area is prone to erosion and inflammation, so it cannot be sloppy. Even if you can't take a bath, you should wipe your baby's upper body and lower body separately; especially for babies who don't use urine, wash their butt in time.

5. Ventilation In winter, keep indoor air circulation, and do not make the room where mothers and babies live "tight." Fresh air is important for mothers and newborns. Open windows regularly every day, as long as you avoid convection winds. Otherwise, air pollution in small environments is bad for the health of mothers and infants. It is also very important that the smoke (such as dad's cigarettes) do not pollute the room, otherwise it may easily cause respiratory diseases in newborns.

6, breast milk winter is a frequent period of various diseases such as respiratory tract infections, and the antibodies contained in breast milk can help reduce the possibility of getting sick. Conditional mothers must insist on breastfeeding their babies.

Umbilical cord care

After the newborn's umbilical cord is cut, poor care in the summer can easily cause infection. Moms should always check the recovery of the umbilical cord. Be careful not to pee on the umbilical cord while the baby is urinating, especially for male babies. Keep the navel dry.

Clothing care

Newborns born in summer should pay attention not to wear too much clothes. You can wear some loose-fitting small vests or bellybands, but don't leave your baby undressed. The baby's skin still needs protection.
Body care

Bacteria are easy to breed in summer, so newborns should pay attention to bathing frequently in summer. After the baby sweats, if he does not take a bath often, he may easily have rash, and some may have eczema or rash. Moms should pay attention, especially the baby's neck, thighs and arms are full of meat, you should always check the scrub.
Indoor environmental care

In the summer, keep the air circulation in the newborn's room, and keep the room temperature at about 25 ° C. Do not turn on the air conditioner, because the cold air from the air conditioner will keep the baby cold. Also, the indoor humidity should be controlled at 60%, and the indoor air should not be too dry to give a comfortable environment for the newborn.
Add water

Newborns are prone to lack of water in summer. Whether it is breastfeeding or milk-fed babies, they should drink plenty of water, and breastfeeding mothers should also drink plenty of water. Letting newborns replenish water in the summer can avoid the occurrence of dehydration heat caused by hot weather.
Newborn sleep care

Newborns must not blow the fan during the summer, and the baby can be covered with a sheet. When your baby is sleeping, don't talk loudly, and don't make the sound of the TV set too loud, this will make the baby startled. The sleeping position of the newborn baby should be well controlled, and small pillows can be used on both sides to block it. A good sleeping position is very beneficial to the growth of the baby.

Babies like to sleep during the day and always wake up to play at night, otherwise they will cry a lot. This "sleep upside down" sleep and baby, adults will be tortured and exhausted, I believe that many parents will have this trouble, why the baby loves to cry, what are the reasons, the following editors will take you to understand some of the baby's cry Reasons, I hope to help you all:
One: The baby's diaper is wet. The diaper is wet and the baby feels uncomfortable, and the baby will cry as soon as it is uncomfortable, so the mother should change the diaper frequently to keep the baby ass dry and hygienic to prevent the baby from red hips.

Two: The air in the room is too stuffy, and the baby is wearing too much clothes. The baby is still too young to feel the same as our adult. The baby's bedding should be thick and appropriate, not too warm, the indoor air should be fresh and often ventilated.
3: The baby is wearing too little clothing, and the baby feels cold. The mother should be careful not to have convection wind, nor to have a fan and air conditioner to blow the baby directly. Babies will cry if they are not properly cooled, and they will easily catch a cold. Moms and dads must pay attention to four: the baby is hungry and thirsty. Babies don't eat much or drink too much, and they get hungry quickly, so the mother should feed more milk. Don't starve your baby

Five: Baby crying is caused by rickets. Moms must take their children out to bask in the sun and do appropriate outdoor sports. Improve your baby's immunity and take some cod liver oil if necessary.

Six: Intestinal spasm causes abdominal pain. In this case, the baby cries. Mothers should pay more attention to massaging the baby's abdomen. Help your baby digest his diet.

Seven: The baby has parasites in the belly. Moms need to wash the baby's buttocks, change diapers, clothes, and quilts.
Eight: Usually let the baby sleep alone in the crib, it is best not to sleep with parents. There are many micro-bacteria on adults, and the baby's resistance is too weak to be immune to these micro-germs. No matter what kind of night crying, as long as the parents usually pay more attention to observe the baby's living conditions and actively take preventive measures, the baby is annoying Cry, it can be prevented

What Is a Neonatal Nurse Practitioner?

Newborn care

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