What Is Higher Education?

Higher education is a professional education and vocational education based on the completion of secondary education, and it is the main social activity for the cultivation of senior professionals and professionals. Higher education is one of the important and interconnected components of the education system. It usually includes a variety of educational institutions with high-level learning and training, teaching, research and social services as their main tasks and activities. The second half of the 20th century was an unusual period of expansion and qualitative change in the history of higher education development. The rapid growth of society's demand for senior professionals and the urgent need of individuals for higher education opportunities have led to the development of higher education at an unprecedented rate. Elite education moves towards popular education.

[go dng jiào yù]

In 2010, China had

Internationally, it is generally considered that when the gross enrollment rate of higher education is below 15%,

On January 25, 2017,

The National Education Development Research Center classifies Chinese colleges and universities into four types.

(1)

(1) In recent years, great strides have been made in the reform of the system. The school-running system has gradually broken the old pattern of government-run schools, and a new pattern of running schools in various forms is being formed.

(2) The reform of the investment system has gradually changed the old system that relied solely on fiscal appropriations, and a new system that raises funds through multiple channels based on fiscal appropriations is being formed.

(3) The reform of the management system has made great progress in the five forms of reform: co-construction, co-management, cooperative school running, school merger, cooperative school running, and transfer to local government management. The central education administrative department and local education are gradually being strengthened. The administrative department's overall management of education.

(4) The reform of entrance examinations for colleges and universities has begun. The 3 + X examination reform program has been generally implemented. The admissions work for college entrance examinations will also be implemented online. The entrance examinations and admissions work for colleges and universities will be more scientific, fair, and fair.

(5) The reform of the school's internal management system has been further deepened, and the school's ability to adapt to society in accordance with the law and self-sponsored school has been enhanced.

The system reform and structural adjustment of higher education are closely integrated.

Structural diversity

Higher education is developing in a diversified direction and has evolved from a single structure to multiple structures. This is one of the important trends in the reform of higher education in the world today. The development of modern economy has put forward new requirements for higher education reform. The demand for talents in various countries is increasing day by day, not only senior technical talents and management talents, but also a large number of intermediate technical talents. This requires that higher education must establish a reasonable talent structure that meets the needs of modern economic development, reform the traditional ivory tower structure of higher education, and realize the diversification of educational structure types. This is specifically manifested in various forms of school running. In addition to expanding the original universities, vigorously develop short-term universities and junior colleges with different academic systems to enable all types of higher education.

Higher education

Schools coexist, with different training objectives and flexible teaching methods.

Judging from the structural levels of higher education in many countries in the world, the three levels of graduate, undergraduate, and junior colleges are pyramid-shaped. Among them, short-term universities and junior colleges have been particularly valued in recent years, and have gained a lot of popularity. Colleges or community colleges have grown to more than 1,500, with student enrollments reaching 6.5 million, accounting for more than 50% of the nation s total student population. It is the fastest growing school in American higher education today. German junior technical universities have also developed rapidly and have become an important part of the higher education system. According to statistics, there are 850 junior technical universities in Germany, accounting for about half of the total number of its higher education institutions. The number of Japanese short-term universities increased from 270 in 1980 with 300,000 students to 625 in 1994 with 1.9 million students. Because short-term universities and junior colleges in various countries are known for their clear training goals, short academic systems, low fees, strong regionality, and easy employment, they have been welcomed by the production departments and talent and labor markets of various enterprises, promoting their own scale and number. Rapid development.

Basically modernize education

Starting in 2015, the implementation of the education planning outline has entered the second five years, and the modernization of education has basically entered a comprehensive tackling stage. The education plan outline and the report of the 18th National Congress of the Party clearly stipulate that the education modernization will be basically realized by 2020. The basic realization of education modernization is an important part of building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020. Education is the top priority of people's livelihood. If education can not basically achieve the goal of modernization on time, it will directly affect the comprehensive construction of a well-off society. In the strategic layout of national modernization construction, the reason why education modernization has to take the lead is that education has a fundamental, leading, and global role. If education is not the first to achieve modernization, it will affect the process of national socialist modernization. We must stand at the strategic height of the "Two Hundred Years" goal and the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and understand the significance of accelerating the modernization of education from a national perspective that recognizes, adapts, and leads the new normal of economic development. Enhance your sense of mission, responsibility and urgency.

After more than 60 years of unremitting efforts in new China and more than 30 years of reform and opening up, China s education has undergone tremendous changes, achieved world-renowned achievements, and achieved a historic transformation from a country with a large population to a country with a large human resource. In particular, five years since the implementation of the education planning outline, China's education reform and development have significantly accelerated, its ability to serve economic and social development has been greatly enhanced, and the gap with the international advanced level of education has continued to narrow, laying a solid foundation for the basic realization of education modernization. At the same time, we are soberly aware that compared with the basic requirements for modernizing education, there are still obvious shortcomings in our education. The education concept is relatively backward, the content methods are relatively outdated, and students' ability to adapt to society, innovation and entrepreneurship is not strong; the education system and mechanism are not perfect, and the school is not active enough; the educational structure is not rationally distributed, and the urban and rural and regional education development is uneven. In particular, our education management methods have not undergone fundamental changes. The management system and management capacity have not yet met the requirements of the country's sustained and healthy economic and social development and the people's acceptance of good education. Efforts to resolve these major issues are a top priority for accelerating the modernization of education. ^[14]