What is Job Corps?

The emergence of professional officers is an important issue in China's military system. Because before the Spring and Autumn Period, due to the implementation of the militia system, Qing had no responsibilities with generals. Qing was a general and would also be a general. In normal days, administration is for Qing, and during the wartime, the uniformed soldiers are generals. Township officials at all levels on weekdays are military officers at all levels in wartime. For example, during the Spring and Autumn Period, the ruling secretary of the Jin Dynasty was the commander in chief of the army during the war. The commander of the State of Chu was usually the highest administrator and commanded the army during the war. Qi Guoguo and Gao Zizi were Shang Qing on weekdays, and they were commanders of the army during the war. Mr. Tong Shuye pointed out that "above the Spring and Autumn Period, nobles and civilians are not separated" ESPL> is very insightful.

Professional officer

Because there will be no distinction between culture and military before the Spring and Autumn Period, education prior to the Spring and Autumn is equal to culture and military. The main education subjects are rites, music, shooting, royal, books, and mathematics. Among them, rites, music, reading, and mathematics are cultural education, while shooting and royal are military education.

In the Warring States Period, with the emergence of the standing army, a group of people with military expertise was required to serve as generals at all levels, and to maintain the relative stability of the ranks of military officers. The rank of military attache gradually separated from this, producing professional officers. "Yu Liaozi · Former Official" said: "Officials are divided into military and military, but the king's two skills are also." It reflects the characteristics of the bureaucracy of the states during the Warring States Period.

The generation of professional officers represented by "generals" has a historical development process.

The "General" was first seen in the late Spring and Autumn Period. ESPL> was simplified by the three generals of "General, General, and General" of Jin State. Later, "General" became the professional name of the commander of the army. "General" is sometimes called "General" and is the general of an army. Before the Spring and Autumn Period, the generals were all served by Ming Qing.

At the beginning of the Warring States Period, this system of separation and separation was not very obvious. However, after the middle of the Warring States Period, to be precise, after the reform of the nations, the tendency to separate them has strengthened, and the nations have generally established the position of "general."

Qin Guo, Wei Ran, Bai Qi, Wang Qi, Wang Qi, Li Xin, and Wang Qi were successively "generals", and Bai Qi was also an "admiral." Qi State, there are generals Tian Ji, Tian Ying, Tian Dan. Zhao Guo has generals Lianpo and Li Mu, and generals Zhao She, Lecheng, and Sima Shang. In Wei Kingdom, there were General Prince Shen, General Pang Juan, and Jin Xu. In South Korea, there are generals Han Ju and the poor. In the state of Yan, there were generals General Le Yi, generals being robbed, riding robbed, chestnut belly, Qin Qing and so on.

The official system of the Chu State is unique, and its commanders will be called "Pillar States" or "Shangzhu States" rather than generals. Zhu Guo's status is second only to Ling Yin. Mr. Yang Kuan said, "The position of Chu Guozhu during the Warring States Period was equivalent to the generals of other countries." ESPL> As for the "Historical Records of the Chu Family", Chu said that "the generals are succumbed to the generals and the generals are all ugly" The system is more than a side effect.

The word "general" has two meanings: one refers to the commander in chief of the three armed forces and has a high weight, so it is also called "general general" or "general general". The second refers to general military generals, such as General City Quilt and General Sima Shang. In a country, the general ranks second only to the prime minister, the highest military officer, and the king's right hand. In the army, the general has the highest status and is the commander in chief of the three armed forces. There is a deputy general under the general, who is an assistant to the general, also known as "Bai Jiang". In the battle of Changping, King Qin took "Bai Qi as the general and Wang Xi as the commander of the generals." The generals followed by "left and right generals". "Wei Liaozi Shu Wuling" said, "Left and right will win 10,000 people." Explain that there are "Generals of 10,000 people" below left and right, and the following are the generals of thousands and Baichang Long), Shi Chang, Wu Long, etc.

A large army of officers from top to bottom and to the captain of the army, and the old officers such as "general, division commander, brigade commander, puppet commander, two officers, two commanders, etc." There are already noticeable differences. The former are a group of specialized professional officers, while the latter are temporary officers. They are the chief executives of the government and villages at all levels, and they have both civil and military duties.

During the Warring States Period, "Things in the army, regardless of the king's life, will come out of the army." "The country cannot be ruled from outside, and the army cannot be ruled from the middle." ESPL> The army and government are basically separated. The general and the general are appointed by the monarch himself and are directly responsible to the monarch. After the general was appointed, all orders in the army were commanded by the general. The new officer system is an important part of the new feudal bureaucracy. Military officers at all levels are mostly selected from the ranks with military merits. This is an important difference from the fact that before the Spring and Autumn Period, military officers were mostly held by town officials or children of nobles. Therefore, the emergence of professional officers is linked to the new military system, and it marks the disintegration of the old "residence in the Qing" system.

Of course, in the Warring States Period, the production of phase and phase separation was a new system. It could not be perfect, and it could not be absolute. For example, Qin Guo's eunuch, Daliangzao, and other ranks, not only manage government affairs, but can also be appointed as general commander and lead the army to fight. When Shang Yang was in charge of Ren Daliang, he presided over the Reformation and also attacked Wei. As for the local chiefs of the nations, most of them remain indiscriminate. For example, Wei and Wu took up the role of Xihe Shou, and they were also in charge of military affairs and civil affairs, making "Qin soldiers afraid of Dongxiang."

Local officials such as Tanzi, Panzi, Qianfu, etc. of Qi State also controlled both Wen and Wu.