How Do I Receive the Maximum Social Security Benefits?

Social security benefits refer to the material assistance provided to citizens by social security agencies, social security service agencies, or relevant government departments in accordance with the law. Regarding the payment of social security benefits, there are mainly the following forms: First, help in the form of money. That is, paying citizens a certain amount of currency, such as pensions, benefits, subsidies, and so on. The second is the help of labor services. That is, designated institutions provide citizens with services for specific projects, and social security funds cover certain service costs, such as medical services, rehabilitation services, and training services. The third is help in kind. That is, provide certain citizens with free or preferential materials, such as the distribution of relief materials and the supply of affordable housing. Fourth, help in the form of labor rights. That is to provide citizens with special employment guarantees, such as the establishment of welfare enterprises, the placement of veterans and the disabled.

Social security benefits

Eligibility for social security benefits, that is, the statutory conditions for social members to enjoy social security benefits, is usually provided by social security laws. Only those who meet the legal conditions have the right and qualifications to enjoy social security benefits. Due to the special nature of social security in different projects, the eligibility and legal conditions for social security benefits are different. Generally speaking, the definition of social security treatment eligibility for social members should be started from the following aspects: First, verify whether social members are within the coverage of specific social security projects. The basis for defining social security coverage in the current legislation mainly includes labor relations, household registration areas, student status, and military status. The second is to verify whether members of the society have encountered legal facts that require material help. The facts that make life difficult for members of society. The third is to verify whether members of the society have fulfilled their legal obligations corresponding to specific social security projects. Such as whether the relevant registration has been processed and related fees have been paid. The fourth is to verify whether members of the society are within the legal period of material assistance. If the unemployed have re-employed. ^[1]

According to the Labor Law and other relevant social security regulations, the current social security benefits in China include the following. ^[2]

I. Contents of social security benefits ^[3]

The main contents of social security benefits are: continuous income. Continuing income mainly includes pensions, unemployment living allowances, minimum living allowances, disability living allowances, death pensions, medical subsidies, housing subsidies, etc. Housing security. Housing security mainly includes low-rent housing, low-cost housing, and pension apartments. Health protection. Health protection mainly includes public health, medical services, medical insurance sharing costs and health file management. The international community compares the correlation between the level of security and per capita GDP growth. The United States is 0.939, the United Kingdom is 0.914, Finland is 0.842, Sweden is 0.813, and Germany is 0.707.

Determination of benefits and payment

As far as continuous income is concerned, pre-committed treatment and non-pre-committed treatment are two different institutional arrangements.

1. Benefit determination

Define benefit (DB) refers to the institutional arrangement that prescribes the future benefit level of the insured person. It has the following characteristics: The need to predefine and publicize the principle of payment of benefits and establish corresponding calculation formulas, which are increasingly related to corporate human resources Management integration, linked to the working age of workers and final wages, becomes a tool for managers; The level of benefits is related to factors such as length of service, payment period, inflation rate and other factors, and may not be related to personal contributions; Usually related to social coordination and cash Paid public benefit programs are used together to demonstrate the government's ability to raise funds and ensure responsibility for payments.

2. Payment determination

Define contribution (DC) refers to the institutional arrangement that determines the beneficiary's welfare level based on the total accumulation of the insured. It has the following characteristics: In the case of a mandatory treatment payment replacement rate, the rate needs to be actuarial; Actuarial needs to take into account factors such as wage levels, price indices, rates, and average market return on investment; It is usually used with personal accounts and self-insured liability plans. The payment determination plan only promises to pay. If the personal account is planned, the employer only promises to pay the monthly payment, and the final treatment is determined according to the payment time, investment income, and management fee rate. The sponsor's risk in this system is greatly reduced. The sponsor does not bear risks for future management fees and investments. Such plans are also usually used with personal accounts and self-protection. The risk is borne by the individual. Benefit determination and payment determination are two types of systems, and they also represent two different historical stages. Before the 1970s, economic fluctuations were less frequent, concepts were updated less quickly, and competition was not too fierce. Actuarial methods, developed international accounting standards and financial arrangements, and IT systems now appear, which can combine the determination of benefits with the determination of contributions As a result, the organizer did not promise a definite treatment, but only promised a definite payment. At the same time, it disclosed the information of different operating agencies, allowing insured person A to supervise the operating agency's yield and management fee rate. Now there is no absolute DB plan and DC plan, and there is no obvious commitment clause is DC, but in the DC-type plan, people are not willing to have no commitment at all, but to test and minimize the risk allowed by law committed to. The DB plan with the highest risk and strongest guarantee should be done by the government. Enterprises cannot bear the risk of investment loss and can only adopt the DC plan.

Qualifications and benefits

Benefit eligibility and treatment levels refer to the eligibility and conditions for citizens to enjoy social security benefits, as well as the level of payment of benefits and services related to eligibility for benefits.

1. Eligibility

Beneficial qualifications refer to the statutory or agreed conditions for beneficiaries to receive social security benefits, mainly including the individual's performance of relevant obligations and the situation of an individual or family encountering social risks. Benefit laws and regulations provide: the coverage of social security schemes; whether people who apply for welfare benefits can get approval; determine the level of payment of social security benefits and the period of receipt, as well as the treatment of their relatives, the period of unemployment insurance is generally 24 months, the period of treatment for work-related injuries, and the period for receiving _ [disability pensions; (4) indirectly determine the economic cost and social utility of the plan. Eligibility criteria include: age, enrollment period, payment records, residence period, kinship, and financial status survey results.

2. Treatment level

The level of benefits refers to the strength of social security benefits, including income replacement, risk loss sharing, minimum security and basic services (see table).

	Income before risk	Welfare	Manifestations
Old-age security	Pay	pension	Replacement rate
medical insurance	Salary / other labor income	Medical expenses reimbursement	Sharing ratio
Unemployment protection	Pay	Alms	Replacement rate
Occupational Injury Protection	Pay	Retain original benefits / pensions	Replacement rate
House insurance	Total payment	Provident Fund	Sharing ratio
Minimum living guarantee	average income	Alms	Comparison ratio

First, the income replacement function of social security refers to providing a certain percentage of continuous income based on previous income in the event of social risks. Setting a replacement target is a major element of the design of social security policies, that is, the target replacement rate of social security policies. The level of benefits depends on the following three conditions: Replacement rate target. The ILO Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention No. 102 stipulates that the minimum replacement rate for employees' pensions is 45% to 55% of their pre-retirement wages. Socio-economic development level. The level of benefits should be related to the development of the national economy, including the relationship between basic guarantee benefits and per capita GDP (to test the principle of national distribution), and the relationship with CPI (to check the value of the protection of benefits). The amount of payment, the period and method of receiving. For example, how long can medical insurance be paid for medical treatment? For example, the United Kingdom pays once a week, and the United States' minimum guarantee payment method is calculated at $ 300, including $ 100 for food. For every $ 300 that goes out to work, the government benefits are reduced by $ 100. The level of benefits is related to demand and forms a certain substitute effect (see the table above). For example, pensions, unemployment benefits, and work injury pensions are usually related to social average consumption expenditure and social average wage.

Second, the social risk loss sharing function of social security refers to the sharing of part of the cost according to the risk loss in the case of social risks. According to the ILO Convention No. 102, social security has to share most of the medical expenses.

Third, the low-income guarantee function, including providing subsidies to people without income and insufficient income to protect basic living needs; providing basic medical services to protect the physical and mental health of low-income groups.