What Are Oil Derivatives?
Petroleum products are the general term for various commodities produced directly by using petroleum or a certain portion of petroleum as raw materials.
- Chinese name
- Petroleum products
- Related
- oil
- Field
- Energy science
- Product
- Petroleum fuel, petroleum solvent, etc.
- Petroleum products are a general term for various commodities that are produced directly by using petroleum or a certain portion of petroleum as a raw material.
- Petroleum products can be divided into six categories: petroleum fuels, petroleum solvents and chemical raw materials, lubricants, paraffin, petroleum pitch, petroleum coke. The petroleum industry has always been producing gasoline, kerosene and fuel oil for industrial boilers. From the 1920s to the 1930s, more advanced refining technology appeared, and the French (Hydrolys) method invented by the French (catalytic cracking method) was the most important. The so-called catalytic cracking is the use of heat, pressure and catalysts to crack heavy oils into lighter oils, mainly gasoline. Another oil refining method is the polymerization method, which is just the opposite of the cracking method: small molecules are synthesized into large molecules, and the lighter gases obtained from the polymerization are polymerized into gasoline and other liquids.
Petroleum products related background
- The main constituent elements of petroleum are hydrocarbons, and a small amount of O, N, S, P and trace Cl, I, P, As, Si, Na, K and other elements, all of which exist in the form of compounds. Petroleum is not a single compound, but a mixture of hundreds or even thousands of compounds, so the distillate is generally continuous during distillation; the main component is: A. Hydrocarbon organics (alkanes, naphthenes and aromatics); B. Contains a considerable amount of non-hydrocarbon organics-that is, derivatives of hydrocarbons. In addition to hydrocarbons, the molecules of such compounds also contain oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, etc., although their content (element content) is small, The amount generally accounts for about 10% to 15% of the total oil, but its impact on oil processing and oil quality cannot be ignored, and most of them need to be removed during processing. If they are properly processed, they can also be produced Some useful chemical products. C. In addition to containing hydrocarbon organics and their derivatives, it also contains a small amount of inorganics. Mainly the chlorides of water, sodium, calcium, magnesium; sulfate and carbonate, and a small amount of mud, rust, etc., their harm is mainly to increase the viscosity of crude oil, increase the energy consumption of storage and transportation, and accelerate equipment corrosion and wear , Promote scaling and coking, affect the activity of deep processing catalysts. Therefore, crude oil must be physically and chemically treated before transportation and processing in order to remove these harmful inorganic substances as much as possible. According to the weight of the components, petroleum products can be divided into liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, lubricants, asphalt and so on. For example, the main components of liquefied gas are C2 C4 (normal temperature and normal pressure are gases). A distillate of 35-200 degrees is divided into gasoline, a distillate of 175-300 degrees is kerosene, and 200-350 degrees is diesel. Petroleum products are classified according to ISO / DIS 8681-1985 "Classification Methods and Classification of Petroleum Products and Lubricants". The categories are indicated by the first letter of the English name of the main characteristic of the product. Such as: fuel (F) fuel, solvents and chemical raw materials (S) Solvent, lubricants and related products (L) Lubricant. [1]
- Initially, kerosene was the best-selling petroleum product. To refine kerosene, steam was used to heat the crude oil, which was distilled to separate out various components, or fractions. At different temperatures, the various fractions evaporate and condense. The lightest fraction was distilled first. It was gasoline, the middle radon was kerosene, and the heaviest radon was sold to factories for boiler fuel before people knew how to extract lubricants.
Classification of petroleum products
Classification Standard for Petroleum Products
- According to the main characteristics of petroleum products, GB498-87 petroleum products and lubricants are classified into petroleum products: fuel (F), solvents and chemical raw materials (S), lubricants and related products (L), wax and its products. (W), asphalt (B) and coke (C) six categories, the letters in brackets are the names of the categories. [2]
- The output of various fuels is the largest, accounting for about 90% of the total output; the variety of lubricants is the largest, and the output accounts for about 5%. Each country has developed product standards to meet the needs of production and use.
Petroleum products gasoline
- It is the most consumed variety. The boiling point range (also known as the distillation range) of gasoline is 30 to 205 ° C, and the density is 0.70 to 0.78 g / cm3. Commercial gasoline is classified according to the merits of anti-knock combustion performance when the oil is burned in the cylinder.
- Petroleum products
- Jet fuel
- Mainly used for jet aircraft. The boiling point range is 60 ~ 280 or 150 ~ 315 (commonly known as aviation gasoline). In order to meet the needs of high-altitude, low-temperature, and high-speed flight, such oils require large amounts of heat and no solid crystals appear at -50 ° C.
Petroleum products diesel
- Boiling points range from 180 to 370 ° C and 350 to 410 ° C. For petroleum and its processed products, those with a lower boiling point or a lower boiling point range are conventionally referred to as light, and on the contrary as heavy. Therefore, the former is called light diesel and the latter is called heavy diesel. Quotient
- Petroleum products
- Fuel oil
- Used as fuel for boilers, ships and industrial furnaces. Commercial fuel oils are distinguished by different grades by their viscosity.
- Petroleum solvent
- Used as a solvent in flavor, oil, reagent, rubber processing, coating industry, or cleaning instruments, meters and mechanical parts.
Petroleum products kerosene
- The pure product is a colorless transparent liquid, which is pale yellow when it contains impurities. Slightly smelly. Boiling range of 180 310 (not absolute, it often needs to be changed according to specific conditions during production). The average molecular weight is between 200 and 250. The density is greater than 0.84g / cm3. Flash point above 40 ° C. The kinematic viscosity at 40 is 1.0 2.0mm2 / s. Insoluble in water, easily soluble in alcohol and other organic solvents. volatile. combustible. After volatilization, it is mixed with air to form an explosive mixture. Explosion limit is 2-3%. Complete combustion, sufficient brightness, stable flame, no black smoke, no flower, no obvious odor, and little environmental pollution.
- Different uses of kerosene have different chemical compositions. The physical and chemical properties of the same kerosene are different due to different methods and places of production. Various
- kerosene
- The quality of kerosene decreases in turn: power kerosene, solvent kerosene, kerosene for lamps, fuel kerosene, and washing kerosene.
- Kerosene contains 28-48% alkanes, 20-50% or 8% -15% of aromatic hydrocarbons, 1-6% of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and 17-44% of cyclic hydrocarbons. The number of carbon atoms is 11-16. In addition, there are a small amount of impurities, such as sulfide (thiol), colloid and so on. The sulfur content is 0.04% to 0.10%. Free of benzene, diolefins and cracked fractions.
Petroleum product lubricants
- Lubricants made from petroleum account for more than 95% of total lubricant output. In addition to its lubricating properties, it also has the functions of cooling, sealing, anti-corrosion, insulation, cleaning, and energy transmission. The largest output is internal combustion engine oil (40%), and the rest is gear oil, hydraulic oil, turbine oil, electrical insulation oil, and compressor oil, which together account for 40%. Commercial lubricating oils are classified according to viscosity, high load oil with high load and low speed for machinery, otherwise low viscosity oil is used. The oil refining unit produces base oil made by various refining processes, plus a variety of additives, so it has special functions and high added value.
- grease
- Commonly known as butter, it is a solid or semi-fluid made of a lubricant and a thickener, and is used for bearings and gears where lubricants are not suitable.
Petroleum products paraffin oil
- Including paraffin (10% of the total consumption), ceresin, petroleum fat, etc. Paraffin is mainly used as packaging materials, cosmetics raw materials and wax products. It can also be used as a chemical raw material to produce fatty acids (soap raw materials).
- asphalt
- Mainly for roads and buildings.
- Petcoke
- Used as electrode in metallurgy (steel, aluminum) and chemical (calcium carbide) industries.
Petroleum products other
- In addition to the petroleum products mentioned above, each refinery unit also obtains some products that are gaseous at normal temperature.
- gasoline
Indicators of main items of petroleum products
- 1. Density and relative density [1]
- The density of petroleum increases with the increase of the carbon, oxygen, and sulfur content in its composition. Therefore, the density of petroleum-rich aromatics, gums and asphaltenes is the highest, while that of naphthenes-containing intermediates is the highest. More of the smallest. Therefore, depending on the density of the oil, the approximate quality of the oil can be judged to some extent. The density of gasoline is generally 0.70 ~ 0.77 kg / m3, kerosene is generally 0.75 ~ 0.83 kg / m3, and diesel is between 0.82 ~ 0.87 kg / m3. Density is mainly used in the measurement of converted quantity and delivery acceptance and quality control of certain oil products.
- 2. Distillation range Distillation range refers to the temperature range from the initial boiling point to the final boiling point obtained by distillation of oil products under specified conditions. Distillation range is used to judge the composition of light and heavy fractions of petroleum products. It can be seen from the distillation range of automotive gasoline that its evaporation performance is good or bad when in use. The initial boiling point and 10% distillate temperature of gasoline are too high to make it difficult to start a cold car. If these two temperatures are too low, air resistance is likely to occur. Road, interrupt the oil supply, this phenomenon is called air resistance). The 50% distillation temperature of gasoline indicates its average evaporation, which can affect the acceleration of the engine. 50% distillation temperature is low, its evaporation and engine acceleration are good, and the work is relatively stable. The 90% distillation temperature and dry point of gasoline indicate the content of heavy fractions in gasoline that are not easily evaporated and cannot be completely burned.
- 3. Octane number The octane number is an item indicating the anti-knock performance of gasoline. Knock resistance is the ability of gasoline to not knock when it is burned in an engine. Knock (commonly known as knocking cylinder) is an abnormal combustion phenomenon of gasoline engines. When knocking and burning, the engine sometimes emits strong vibrations and metal knocking sounds, and then the power decreases, and the exhaust pipe emits black smoke and consumes The amount of oil increases, and severe knocking can damage engine parts. The octane number is a conventional value representing the blast resistance of a carburetor engine fuel. It is determined by comparison with a standard fuel in an engine test under specified conditions. It is expressed as the volume percentage of isooctane in a standard fuel with the same explosion resistance as the fuel being analyzed. The higher the octane number, the better the explosion resistance. There are different methods for measuring octane number, including motor method and research method. The motor octane number (MON) is used to evaluate the anti-knock performance of automotive gasoline when the throttle is fully open and the engine is running at high speed. The research method octane number (RON) is used to evaluate the anti-knock performance of automotive gasoline when the engine changes from low speed to medium speed operation.
- The measured value of the research method octane number is higher than that of the motor method. Generally, the following empirical formula can be used to convert the approximate relationship between the two: The difference in octane number is called the sensitivity or sensitivity of gasoline. The average of the motor octane number and the research octane number is called the explosion resistance index. Due to the requirement of gasoline anti-knock when the car is running, it cannot be described by MON or RON alone. Some countries use anti-knock index to indicate anti-knock. The grades of automotive gasoline in China are distinguished according to the octane number. For example, gasoline 70 indicates that the motor octane number is not less than 70, and gasoline 90 indicates that the octane number of the research method is not less than 90. At present, China has stopped the production and sale of No. 70 gasoline, and the grade of gasoline has been changed from the motor method to the research method octane number. The fundamental method to increase the octane number of gasoline is to increase the content of isoparaffins and aromatic hydrocarbons, which can also be achieved through refining processes such as catalytic cracking, platinum reforming, and isomerization, or by incorporating high-octane components. A small amount of anti-knock additives can also be added to gasoline, such as highly toxic tetraethyl lead. However, to attract attention, red, yellow, or blue dyes are often added to leaded gasoline to indicate toxicity.
- 4. Cetane number The cetane number is an item that indicates the combustion performance of diesel. It is an agreed value that indicates the ignition performance of diesel in the engine. In the engine test under specified conditions, it is determined by comparison with the standard fuel, and expressed by the volume percentage of cetane in the standard fuel with the same ignition lag stage as the analysis fuel. The higher the cetane number, the shorter the ignition lag time. Diesel with a high cetane number has a low self-ignition point. It is easy to spontaneously ignite in the cylinder of a diesel engine and is not prone to knocking. If the cetane number of diesel is too low, the retardation period of diesel will be prolonged, abnormal combustion will occur, knocking will occur, and the power of the engine will be reduced. The cetane number of diesel should not be too high. The trachea emits black smoke and fuel consumption increases. Generally controlled between 40 ~ 60.
- 5. Actual colloid The n-heptane insoluble part of aviation gasoline, jet fuel evaporation residue or automotive gasoline evaporation residue measured under specified conditions is called actual colloid, expressed in mg / 100mL. Actual colloid refers to a colloid that already exists in oil. It is used to evaluate the tendency of gasoline or diesel to produce colloid in the engine, and to judge the stability performance of engine fuel. Judging by the size of the actual colloid, whether it can be used and continued storage. The actual colloidal fuel should be used as soon as possible, and it should not be stored. Otherwise, the color will become darker and the acidity will increase. During use, the engine's oil inlet system and combustion system will produce gelatinous deposits, which will affect the normal operation of the engine.
- 6. Induction period Induction period refers to the period of time during which oil products are in a stable state under specified accelerated oxidation conditions. The unit is min. It is an item to evaluate the oxidation and raw rubber tendency of gasoline in long-term storage. The shorter the gasoline induction period, the worse the stability, the faster the raw rubber, and the shorter the storage time. To improve the stability of gasoline, in addition to improving the process, anti-oxidants and metal deactivators can be added.
- 7. Saturated vapor pressure Under the specified conditions, when the oil and gas two phases reach equilibrium in the appropriate test equipment, the maximum pressure displayed by the liquid surface vapor is called the saturated vapor pressure. Expressed in Pa or Bar [1bar (Bar) = 105Pa]. Saturated vapor pressure is used to explain the amount of gasoline's evaporation capacity, the possibility of forming a gas barrier in an oil inlet system such as a gasoline pipeline, and the tendency to lose light components during storage and transportation. The higher the saturated vapor pressure of gasoline, the greater the evaporation capacity, and the greater the possibility of formation of air resistance. During storage and transportation, the evaporation loss is large.
- 8. Aromatic content Aromatics are one of the various hydrocarbons that make up petroleum. It has strong dissolving power to paint and rubber, so it contains a certain amount of aromatic hydrocarbons in paint solvent oil and rubber solvent oil. However, if the content of aromatic hydrocarbon is too large, it will harm human health, so its content must be limited.
- 9. Iodine value Under the specified conditions, the mass of iodine that 100g oil can absorb is called the iodine value, and the unit is g. The iodine value is used to determine the content of unsaturated hydrocarbons in solvent gasoline. The more unsaturated hydrocarbons in the oil, the larger the iodine value and the worse the stability.
- 10. Flash point Under the specified conditions, the minimum temperature at which the vapor and air mixture escaping from the heating oil flashes upon contact with the flame is called the flash point, which is expressed in ° C. The flash point measurement method is divided into an open cup method and a closed cup method. The open cup method is used to determine the flash point of heavy lubricating oil; the closed cup method is used to determine the flash point of fuel oil and light lubricating oil. Flash point is an item indicating the tendency and safety of petroleum products to evaporate. The danger level of oil products is divided according to the flash point. Those with a flash point below 45 ° C are flammable and those above 45 ° C are flammable. It is forbidden to heat the oil to its flash point during storage and transportation. The maximum heating temperature should generally be 20-30 ° C lower than the flash point. The national standard stipulates that the flash point of diesel is not lower than 55 ° C.
- 11. Freezing point The maximum temperature at which the test oil is cooled to a stop under specified conditions is called the freezing point, and it is expressed in ° C. The freezing point is an item for evaluating the low-temperature fluidity of an oil product. The freezing point of oil products is directly related to the wax content. The more wax content in oil products, the higher the freezing point. For some oils, the freezing point is used to indicate its brand, so that it can be used with reference to its low temperature flow. For example, -10 diesel indicates that the freezing point is not higher than -10 ° C. To increase the freezing point of the oil, a small amount of pour point depressant can be added.
- 12. Cold Filtration Point Diesel cold filtration point refers to the highest temperature when a 20mL diesel sample fails to pass through the filter under specified conditions, expressed in ° C (integer multiples of 1 ° C). Diesel cold filtration point is directly related to wax content. The higher the wax content, the higher the cold filtration point. The cold filter point of diesel oil is an indicator to ensure the delivery and filterability of diesel oil. The cold filter point can reflect the actual performance of diesel at low temperature than the freezing point, and can correctly judge the quality of diesel oil with flow improver added.
- 13. Moisture Moisture refers to the water content in oil products, expressed in weight percent. There are several methods for determining moisture in petroleum product analysis standards, which are generally expressed in%, and less than 0.03% are traces. For oil with special requirements, its water content is expressed as 10-6 (ppm). Water is mixed with fuel oil, which will condense into small ice cubes when used at low temperatures, blocking oil passages and affecting oil supply.
- 14. Mechanical impurities All impurities that are insoluble in the specified solvent in the oil are called mechanical impurities. Mechanical impurities in oil are mixed during storage, transportation and storage. Fuel contains mechanical impurities that can clog oil lines and filters, and severely wear out oil pumps and injectors. Mechanical impurities can be removed by precipitation or filtration.
- 15. Corrosion test Corrosion test refers to a test to evaluate the corrosion effect of oil on one or several metals under specified conditions. It is mainly to check whether there is active or free sulfur in the fuel and the corrosion of metals by organic acids and bases in the grease.
- 16. Water-soluble acids or bases Water-soluble acids or bases refer to the general term for acidic or alkaline substances that are soluble in water in oil products. Water-soluble acids or alkalis are not allowed in oils, as it will severely corrode parts.
- 17. Acid value and acidity The number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acidic substances in 1g of oil is called the acid value, which is expressed in mgKOH / g. The number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acidic material in 100 mL of oil is called acidity, and it is expressed in mgKOH / 100 mL of oil. Acid value and acidity represent the total amount of organic acids contained in lubricating oil, gasoline, and diesel, respectively, and are one of the items to control the depth of oil refining. If the acid value and acidity are too high, the corrosivity will increase.
- 18. Residual carbon Under the specified conditions, the residue formed during the cracking of oil products is called residual carbon, which is expressed by weight percentage. Based on the magnitude of the residual carbon value, the tendency of the oil product to form carbon in the engine can be roughly determined.
- 19. Ash Content Under specified conditions, the inorganic substance obtained by calcining the residue of the oil product after calcination is called ash content, which is expressed by weight percentage. Ash is mainly naphthenates contained in oils. Increased engine fuel ash will increase cylinder wear.
- 20. Oxidative stability The ability of petroleum products to resist the action of air (or oxygen) and maintain their properties without permanent changes is called the oxidative stability of oil products. During the storage and use of oil products, they often come into contact with the air and oxidize. The increase in temperature and the catalytic effect of metals will deepen the oxidation of oil products. The amount of precipitate is indicated. A large acid value or many precipitates after oxidation indicates that it has poor oxidation stability and short storage life.
- 21. Sulfur content Sulfur content refers to the content of sulfur and its derivatives (hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan, disulfide, etc.) in oil products, expressed in weight percent. When the sulfur content in the fuel is large, more sulfur dioxide will be generated after combustion and then converted into sulfur trioxide. It will generate corrosive sulfuric acid to cause corrosion on the condensed water. Sulfur in gasoline also reduces octane number. 22. Measure of internal friction when viscosity liquid flows. The viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. Most lubricants are graded according to viscosity. Viscosity is generally expressed in five ways, that is, dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity, Engelson viscosity, Rayleigh viscosity, and Say viscosity.
Refined petroleum products
- In order to meet the requirements of commodities, in addition to blending and adding additives, oil products often need to be further refined to remove impurities and improve performance to meet actual requirements. Common impurities include compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen, as well as undesired ingredients such as wax and gum mixed in oil. They can make the oil smelly, dark in color, and corrode machinery and equipment, making it difficult to store. Common methods for removing impurities include acid-base refining, deodorization, hydrogenation, solvent refining, white clay refining, and dewaxing. Acid refining is the treatment of oil products with sulfuric acid, which can remove some sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds and gums. Alkali refining is the treatment of oil products such as gasoline, diesel, and lubricating oil with caustic soda solution, which can remove oxygenates and sulfides, and remove sulfuric acid remaining during acid refining. Acid refining and alkali refining are often used in combination, so it is called acid refining. Deodorization is for gasoline, coal, and diesel made of crude oil with high sulfur content, which produces malodor due to mercaptans. When the thiol content is high, it will cause the oil product to be gelatinous and difficult to preserve. In the presence of a catalyst, it can be treated with lye first and then oxidized with air. Hydrogenation is in the presence of a catalyst at 300 ~ 425 ° C. Dewaxing is mainly used to refine aviation kerosene, diesel, etc. Refining lubricants often uses solvent refining to remove undesirable components to improve composition and color. Sometimes it is necessary to dewax. Refining of white clay is generally placed at the end of the refining process, using white clay (mainly composed of silica and alumina) to adsorb harmful substances.
Petroleum product refining method
- Acid refining
- It is used to treat oil with sulfuric acid, which can remove some sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds and gums.
- Alkali refining
- It is used to treat oil products such as gasoline, diesel oil and lubricating oil with caustic soda solution. It can remove oxygen compounds and sulfides, and it can remove sulfuric acid remaining during acid purification. Acid refining and alkali refining are often used in combination, so it is called acid refining.
- Deodorization
- It is aimed at gasoline, coal, and diesel oil with high sulfur content crude oil, which produces malodor due to mercaptan. When the content of mercaptan is high, it will cause oil to be gelatinous and difficult to store. In the presence of a catalyst, it can be treated with lye first and then oxidized with air.
- Hydrogenation
- It is hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst at a pressure of 300 ~ 425 ° C and a pressure of 1.5 MPa, which can remove compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen and metal impurities, improve the storage performance, corrosiveness and flammability of oil products, and can be used for various Oil products.
- Dewaxing
- Mainly used for refining aviation kerosene and diesel. Oil contains wax, which forms crystals of wax at low temperatures, which affects flow performance and is prone to plugging pipes. Dewaxing is important for aviation oils. Dewaxing can be adsorbed with molecular sieves. Solvent refining often uses solvent refining to remove undesirable components to improve composition and color. Sometimes it is necessary to dewax.
- White clay refining
- Generally placed at the end of the refining process, white clay (mainly composed of silica and alumina) is used to adsorb harmful substances.
- lubricating oil
- The raw materials are mainly from the distillation of crude oil. The main properties of lubricants are viscosity, stability and lubricity. The basic process for the production of lubricating oil is essentially the removal of undesired components in raw oils, mainly colloids, asphaltenes and compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen, and waxes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These components mainly affect viscosity, Stability and color. Methods include solvent refining, dewaxing and deasphalting, hydrogenation and white clay refining.
- Solvent refining
- It is the use of solvents with different solubility for different components to achieve the purpose of refining, and is used in the vast majority of lubricating oil production processes. Common solvents are furfural and phenol. The production process is similar to that of aromatics extraction in a reformer.
- Solvent dewaxing
- It is a component that is easy to produce crystals at low temperature in the raw material of lubricating oil. It mainly refers to paraffin. The dewaxing adopts the cold crystallization method. Mixed solvents, such as toluene-methyl ethyl ketone, so dewaxing is often referred to as ketobenzene dewaxing.
Petroleum product industry standards
- Fuel oil
- SH / T0047-91 (1998) Gas Turbine Liquid Fuel
- SH / T0356-1996 fuel oil
- Solvent oil
- SH0004-90 (1998) Solvent oil for rubber industry
- SH0005-90 (1998) Solvent oil for paint industry
- SH0114-92 (1998) Aviation washing gasoline
- lubricating oil
- SH / T0017-90 (1998) bearing oil
- SH / T0094-91 (1998) worm gear oil
- SH / T0111-92 (1998) synthetic spindle oil
- SH / T0138-94 No. 10 instrument oil
- SH / T0139-95 axle oil
- SH / T0350-92 (1998) ordinary vehicle gear
- SH / T0360-92 (1998) No. 13 mechanical oil (special spindle oil)
- SH / T0361-1998 rail oil
- SH / T0362-1996 ammonia-resistant steam turbine oil
- SH / T0363-92 (1998) ordinary open gear oil
- SH / T0675-1999 air-cooled two-stroke gasoline engine oil
- SH / T0676-1999TC-W water-cooled two-stroke gasoline engine oil
- grease
- SH / T0113-92 (2003) Grease for calender
- SH / T0368-92 (2003) calcium sodium grease
- SH / T0369-92 graphite calcium-based grease
- SH / T0370-92 composite calcium-based grease
- SH / T0371-92 aluminum base grease
- SH / T0373-92 (2003) Railway grease (hard dry oil)
- SH / T0375-922 Aviation Grease (202 Grease)
- SH / T0376-92 (2003) No. 4 high temperature grease (No. 50 high temperature grease)
- SH / T0378-92 (2003) composite aluminum base grease
- SH / T0379-92 (2003) Barium grease