What Are the Different Types of Financial Help for Handicapped Persons?

According to the purpose of Article 1 of the CRPD of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Interpretation as a person with a disability, including a person with long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments. These impairments interact with various obstacles, or can prevent them from acting like a healthy Full and effective participation in society on an equal basis.

[cán jí rén]

According to the United Nations

As of the end of 2017, the number of impoverished persons with disabilities who had filed a national permit was still 2.81 million.

First, the proportion of severely disabled persons is large.

The first is to be further integrated into the overall situation of poverty alleviation and development of the country, and focus on advancing. The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Winning the Fight against Poverty" clearly states:

There are two principles for setting disability standards:

1. With social functions ^[2]

Disability benefits

United Nations"

I. Tax incentives:

(1) Labor services provided by individuals with disabilities are exempt from business tax.

(2) The income of disabled persons shall be applied by the taxpayer and submitted to the Municipal Local Taxation Bureau for review and approval, and the personal income tax shall be temporarily exempted.

(3) Welfare factories organized by the civil affairs department and social welfare production units that are not rerouted by the sub-district office are temporarily exempted from income tax if the "four disabled" personnel account for more than 35% (including 35%) of the total production personnel. Where the proportion of the "four disabled" personnel in the total number of production personnel exceeds 10% and does not reach 35%, the income tax is halved.

(4) For the land for welfare factories organized by the civil affairs department, land use tax will be temporarily exempted if resettled disabled persons account for more than 35% (including 35%) of the total number of production personnel.

2. Reduction and exemption of fees:

(1) For persons with disabilities who are engaged in handicrafts, commerce, service, repair, etc. on a small scale, registration fees, individual association fees, and management fees are reduced by half. For larger scales (hiring helpers), the management fee is charged at 90% of the approved standard, and the association fee is appropriately charged.

(2) If it is verified that persons with disabilities who are particularly difficult for families to engage in business activities, each report may be exempted from registration fees, membership fees and management fees after asking the bureau for their consent.

(3) If the number of disabled employees in sole proprietorships and partnerships exceeds 30%, they shall be treated as welfare enterprises, and management fees shall be charged at 70% of the approved standards.

(4) If a disabled person leads a sole proprietorship or partnership, the registration fee will be reduced by half.

(5) If the disabled person is engaged in books, video games, song and dance hall (karaoke), billiards, video, video rental, etc., on a small scale, the management fee is waived. Large scale (

Domestic

Problems of rural disabled persons

The total number of people with disabilities in our country is 82.96 million, of which 20.71 million are in the urban area, accounting for 25% of the nation's disabled population; 62.25 million people are in the rural area, accounting for 75%. It can be seen that rural disabled people are the main group of disabled people, but also the most difficult and vulnerable group. Zheng Yiping's sample survey of 1,000 disabled people in a certain province in the middle of the country (2007) found that the living conditions of disabled people in rural areas have reached a worrying level, poor housing conditions, low quality of life, lack of rehabilitation institutions, and even lower education Surprisingly, 93% of people with disabilities below junior high school education account for 93%, including 33% of illiterate. Many people have never heard of special education schools, let alone organizations like Disabled Persons' Federations. Of the 1,000 people, only 19 have received vocational training, and most have not. The lack of various trainings is another important reason why it is difficult for disabled people in rural areas to improve their quality and find employment. Let us look at the occupational structure of disabled people in rural areas. Of the 1000 questionnaires, 762 answers were selected, of which 342 were farming, accounting for 45%; 110 were family farming, and the proportion of worker and doing business was relatively small. There are 2 people in the blind massage industry. In addition, 126 people choose other professions, accounting for 16.5%. Other occupations include fortune-telling, guarding the mountains, guarding the gates, picking up rags, being a beggar, repairing shoes, etc .; it can be seen that most rural disabled people are engaged in traditional low-income occupations. A considerable number of disabled people in rural areas can only live on their own. "Poverty" and "disability" are intertwined, the problems of the "old" vulnerable groups have not yet been resolved, and the problems of the "new" vulnerable groups have continued to emerge. ^[10]

The social background of the education of the disabled in China is social transformation and higher education reform. The disabled have the same rights as ordinary people in the right to development. Despite the great progress made in the education of persons with disabilities, the problem remains serious. The vocational education for the disabled, especially the higher vocational education for the disabled, is still developing very slowly and is far from meeting the needs of the society. As a result, many disabled people can neither enter ordinary schools nor find suitable vocational schools for the disabled. The result is no schooling. In terms of enrollment opportunities, people with disabilities are often rejected by ordinary schools. In terms of educational conditions, there are still many obstacles in the objective environment for people with disabilities to study, and the quality of educators with disabilities needs to be improved. For example, there are deaf people Reflect: Teachers in some deaf schools can't even sign language and can't communicate with them. This also involves employment issues. In terms of education results, the employment situation of disabled people after graduation is not optimistic. On the one hand, people with disabilities face discrimination from employers. On the other hand, there are also problems such as non-use of studies and mismatch of majors. Of course, the specific situation is still very complicated. ^[11]

Physically disabled people generally have only a physical disability or defect and no obvious psychological characteristics or defects. They are not significantly different from ordinary people in cognitive processes such as perception, attention, memory, and thinking, but they have prominent characteristics that differ from normal people in their personal characteristics. Physical disabilities have brought tremendous difficulties to their studies, life and work. In the face of such difficulties, some people with disabilities are sensitive to external stimuli, and often suffer setbacks, teasing, and inappropriate mercy. They are prone to inferiority and feel inferior to others, which will seriously suppress their talents and creativity. This should be overcome on the basis of education. For most physically disabled people, disability does not intimidate them, but it provides them with the conditions to exercise subjective initiative and fight against disability. Therefore, physically disabled people often show a more stubborn willpower. More fully developed. They have the courage to overcome difficulties and often show amazing perseverance in their studies, life and work. Because many physically disabled people have a strong will, they have no insurmountable difficulties on the way forward. Not only can they study, live and work like normal people, they may even make greater contributions to society than normal people.

Independence and dependency contradictions

Independent consciousness refers to a self-awareness tendency that individuals want to get rid of supervision and discipline. As a mentally sound adult, physically disabled people also want to enter society as an "adult", demanding that they have the same rights as adults and that society recognize their social qualifications. They like to observe things, know things, judge things, think and act independently. They are eager to arrange their own study and life independently, actively organize and participate in various social activities (including sports), like to get together with their peers to discuss problems, exchange ideas, update knowledge, and explore the mysteries of life; they like to solve problems by themselves , Do not like others to blame, interfere and control their words and deeds too much. However, due to some reasons, such as the problems of learning and employment caused by difficult movements, and the economic independence caused by them, they need to rely on the help of others to solve some practical problems that cannot help them, but not Be willing to let people see their dependencies. This reflects the contradiction between independence and dependence. The strength of independence in congenital or early childhood disability is closely related to the attitude of the caregiver. If a person has a dependency, no matter how simple it is, he will feel a burden, and he will never get success, struggle and fun. In fact, as long as conditions permit, physically disabled people can perform any job and activity they want. At the Athens Paralympic Games, Jonas Jacobson, a legendary shooter who should have won 4 gold medals, came to the Swedish Shooting Association, trained with healthy players, and always played better than others. So some people say, "Perhaps, there is really a problem if you put the disabled into another category. They are really not very different from our healthy people. They don't really want to let others manage too much, they can take care of themselves."

The emergence of the vulnerable group of persons with disabilities has its complicated social background and deep-seated reasons. From a national perspective, the economy and society are undergoing a profound transformation, and the vulnerable situation of persons with disabilities is even more obvious. The main reasons are as follows:

1. The organization is unreasonable, the mechanism is incomplete, and the legitimate rights and interests of persons with disabilities cannot be fully maintained. With the social changes, the disabled people's federations, especially the grassroots disabled people's federations, have been affected by the general environment, and their functions under the planned economic system have gradually lost, and their work has been difficult. Under the current system, the Disabled Persons' Federation is a service organization for the disabled. It is a mass organization with a role of contact, coordination, and service. It is neither an administrative body nor an administrative law enforcement qualification. Group .

2. Insufficient understanding, poor channels, and extremely serious employment problems for the disabled. There are three current employment models for persons with disabilities: First, collective employment, which places persons with disabilities collectively in welfare enterprises. The number of welfare enterprises has been decreasing year by year. The reasons are: single structure, aging machinery, lack of funds, low quality of managers and production personnel, and severely lagging production policies. The main body of welfare enterprises is state-owned or collective enterprises, and the investment body is limited to the civil affairs department. The township government and the sub-district office have different policies between the departments, which limits the development of welfare enterprises. The second is employment in proportion. At present, China requires enterprises to arrange employment for persons with disabilities at a rate of not less than 1.5%, and to levy disability guarantees for enterprises that do not arrange or fail to meet the standards. Some companies employ disabled people in the name to fulfil their tasks. They do not actually work, and only pay them slightly higher than the minimum living security monthly. Posts for resettlement of disabled persons are also low, and the ability of disabled persons is not comprehensively understood. On the other hand, although some companies employ disabled persons to work, they will be dismissed immediately after the state inspections have been carried out to avoid paying disability benefits. The Disabled People's Federation only relies on weak liaison and coordination functions to "begged" strong units to give face and arrange employment for the disabled. The third is self-employment. Persons with disabilities operate some traditional stores or paving, such as newsstands and shoe repair shops. However, due to various reasons, their competitiveness is not strong.

3. Weak means, dislocation of functions, and severely insufficient collection of employment security for the disabled. Disabled people's security cannot be collected, and employment, rehabilitation, education, training, survival and development, and reconstruction of disabled houses for disabled persons will become empty words. Weak enforcement of law, lack of humane care in society, and much work stays on the surface. ^[11]

China has a low starting point and a weak foundation for the cause of the disabled, and it still lags behind the economy

Top Ten Disabled Theme Movies

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The 5th National Vocational Skills Competition for Disabled Persons and the 2nd National Disabled Persons' Day Festival opened in Wuhan on July 11. Li Keqiang, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China and Premier of the State Council, made important instructions, stating that: Improving the vocational skills of disabled people, promoting their employment and increasing incomes are not only a requirement for protecting the basic livelihood of the people, speeding up the process of the well-being of disabled people, but also practicing mass entrepreneurship and innovation Vividly. All regions and departments should further strengthen vocational education and skills training for the disabled, let them master more practical technologies, further implement and improve various support policies for the employment and entrepreneurship of the disabled, supervise employers to arrange employment for the disabled according to law, and further increase The efforts of the rural disabled persons to help the poor develop and build a bottom line to help every disabled person with the conditions to realize their dreams of employment and entrepreneurship and create a happier and better life through labor. ^[12]

13-year student of Beijing Disabled Persons' Federation (8 photos)