What Is a Loan Proposal?

From the perspective of the lender, loan risk refers to the possibility of various losses that the lender will face in operating the loan business. The loan risk is usually for the lender. The loan risk is measurable. The loan risk is measurable. By comprehensively examining some factors, the probability of the loan's principal and interest being recovered on time can be calculated before or after the loan is issued.

Loan risk

Loan Risk

Loan risk and

Loan risk, as an objective "rule" for measuring the degree of loan risk, can be applied to the whole process of loan review, loan, and check. It can be used to determine whether a loan is loaned or not, or to check the quality of all loans under the jurisdiction of a bank or a letter carrier. It can also be used to check a loan company, enterprise group or The degree of risk of industry loans. If the loan risk is used properly, it can not only restrict the use of loans for personal gain, improve the decision-making level of loans, but also enable

Due to the large types of loan risks faced by lenders, there may be multiple management methods for each type of loan risk.

The main function and business of a commercial bank is credit, which is to provide directly to society

(1) Strengthen the pre-loan investigation and evaluation. Compared with the issuance of real estate and other real estate mortgage loans, the pre-loan investigation of accounts receivable pledged loans involves a wide range of investigation tasks. Commercial banks must not only investigate the production and operation and credit status of loan companies, but also check the creditworthiness and strength of debtors of accounts receivable; not only must they verify the existence of accounts receivable, but also check whether accounts receivable can be transferred and pledged. Examine whether the contract price is normal and reasonable to ensure that the pledged price of the receivables is not unreasonably high; not only must we understand the assets and liabilities of the pledger and the debtor of the receivables, but also pay attention to the pledger's sales and fund collection Management measures and debt management level of debtors of accounts receivable.

(2) Select qualified accounts receivable. The receivables used for pledge must meet certain conditions: the products under the receivables have been issued and accepted by the purchaser; the purchaser has strong funds and has no bad credit history; the purchaser confirms the receivables And promised to pay only to the seller in the designated special account of the loan bank; the due date of the receivables is earlier than the repayment date stipulated in the loan contract, etc.

It should be noted that the following accounts receivable cannot be used to establish pledges and need to be removed from the total accounts receivable: one is the hedge account, that is, the loan company owes the debtor of the accounts receivable at the same time; the second is the age of over 90 Days of receivables; thirdly, all accounts receivable of debtors with poor credit quality; fourthly, defective accounts receivable; fifthly, laws and regulations clearly stipulate that (or restrict) the establishment of pledges Accounts receivable, such as hospitals, schools, parks, and other civil entities with public welfare properties, charge rights based on public welfare, and the land revenue of the government land reserve center should not be pledged.

(3) Reasonably determine the loan pledge rate. The loan pledge rate is the ratio of the loan amount to the value of the pledged property. The loan pledge rate of accounts receivable usually depends on the quality of accounts receivable, which should generally be 60% ~ 80%. The quality of accounts receivable depends mainly on the credit rating of the debtor (owing enterprise) of the accounts receivable. The debtor's financial stability, no bad credit history, high loan pledge rate, and vice versa. At the same time, the determination of the loan pledge rate must also take into account the concentration of receivables. The higher the concentration, the worse the quality of the receivables and the greater the risk. When issuing loans to highly concentrated enterprises, the pledge rate must not exceed 20%, that is, the loan amount cannot exceed 20% of the accounts receivable.

(4) Strict risk prevention measures are agreed in the loan contract and pledge contract. The main terms that need to be agreed include: first, the pledgor must not have any transfer or waiver of rights, otherwise the loan bank has the right to cancel it or to pay off debts and exercise pledge in advance; second, the pledger must notify the accounts receivable in writing The debtor, and obtained a written commitment letter from the debtor to the loan bank, stating that the accounts receivable are authentic and that the debtor will not have malicious acts that damage the pledge right during the pledge period. Or deposit, otherwise it will bear the liability for compensation. Third, if the pledger is not exercising its right, causing the pledge right to be damaged or likely to be damaged, the loan bank has the right to exercise it on behalf of the pledger, or the loan bank has the right to require the debt to be paid in advance. Or to exercise pledge rights; fourthly, to clear debts in advance or to exercise other pledge rights, such as abandonment of rights, cancellation of contracts, revocation or change, deterioration of rights management, and possible deterioration of finances.

(5) Pay attention to post-loan management of corresponding accounts. A pledged account for receivables should be set up in a timely manner to strengthen the supervision and management of the repatriated funds receivables of enterprises and prevent the diverted funds from being used for other purposes. In the case that the main debt is not paid at maturity, it shall negotiate with the pledgor and the account receivable debtor as soon as possible, and take early action to realize the pledge.