What Are Tactile Hallucinations?

The illusion is that when people observe an object, because the object is interfered by shape, light, and color, and people's physical and psychological reasons, the object is misidentified, which will cause a judgmental visual error that is inconsistent with the actual situation. Illusion is a special form of perception. It is the distorted perception of objective things under specific conditions, that is, the actual perception of something that is distorted as something completely incompatible with the actual thing.

The illusion is that when people observe an object, because the object is interfered by shape, light, and color, and people's physical and psychological reasons, the object is misidentified, which will cause a judgmental visual error that is inconsistent with the actual situation. Illusion is a special form of perception. It is the distorted perception of objective things under specific conditions, that is, the actual perception of something that is distorted as something completely incompatible with the actual thing.

Chinese name

illusion

Applicable subject

psychology

Scope of application

Medical psychology

Illusion Introduction

Illusion concept

Illusion is a distorted perception of objective things that occurs under certain conditions. ^[1] Illusions, also called false perceptions, refer to perceptions that do not conform to objective reality, including geometric illusions (overestimation illusions, contrast illusions, line interference illusions), time illusions, motion illusions, space illusions, and optical seepage illusions, and the overall impact Part of the illusion, sound orientation illusion, shape weight illusion, tactile illusion.

Illusion is an incorrect and distorted perception of objective things. Illusions can occur both visually and in other perceptions. For example, when you weigh one kilogram of cotton and one kilogram of iron, you will feel the weight of the iron. This is the illusion of weight. When you sit on a moving train and look at the trees outside the window, you will think the trees are moving. This is the illusion of movement and so on.

Illusion characteristics

1. Illusion is a distorted perception;

2. The appearance of illusions is conditional, and conditions are inevitable;

3. Illusions have a fixed tendency.

Type of illusion

1. Geometrical illusion (length, direction, size)

2. Illusion of form and weight

Audiovisual illusion

Cause of illusion

Various

Illusion use

Film, animation, inverted illusion, magic, decoration, marketing, advertising

Illusion classification

Illusions are classified by source

The so-called illusion refers to the incorrect perception of objective things, which is a distorted perception. What is easy to confuse with illusion is illusion. Hallucinations are sensory experiences that occur when no real stimulus acts on the sense organs. Hallucinations are a kind of illusory perceptions, which are generated on the basis of the parties' past life practices. The main difference between hallucinations and illusions is that at the time when the hallucinations occurred, there was no objective stimulus acting on the sensory organs of the parties; while the generation of illusions must not only have objective stimuli acting on the parties' sensory organs, but Mapping properties are consistent with stimuli. In short, that is "illusion is a false perception"; while hallucination is "an illusion of non-existent perception." Under normal circumstances, illusion is more common in normal people; hallucinations are more common in mental patients, so hallucinations are a serious disturbance of perception. Illusion can be divided into three types: psychological, physiological and pathological.

Psychogenic illusion

The illusion caused by psychological factors is called psychogenic illusion. The purple cuckoo ring in the movie "Dream of Red Mansions", seeing Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu are always noisy and good. She doesn't know whether Baoyu is true to Daiyu, so she made up a "Mingchun family to pick up the girl" Lies test Jia Baoyu. After hearing the letter, Baoyu thought it was true, and suddenly felt dumbfounded. She also mistaken Shi Yuan in Garden Lake as a boat to pick up Lin's sister, so she shouted, "Ship the boat back, sail the boat back." The stone that will not move. Alas, mistaken as a boat for Lin Daiyu, this illusion has obvious psychological factors, so it is a psychogenic illusion.

A man in love is waiting for his lover in front of the cinema. There are still a minute or two in the movie, but the lovers have not yet arrived. At this time, when the lantern was on, the light was dim, and it was easy for him to mistake a passer-by walking as his lover and greet him. This is also a psychogenic illusion. The three idioms listed at the beginning of the article all have obvious psychological factors, so they all belong to psychogenic illusions.

Physiological illusion

Physiological illusion is an optical perception of a certain physiological activity in the body. For example, a woman who has not been pregnant for three years but is eager to conceive. After taking many secret recipes such as "Send Zi Wan" and "Ci Zi Tang", she has a month of "Legal Leave" that is overdue for several days. I am very happy. Husbands and in-laws are naturally excited. The mother-in-law asked her if she wanted to eat sour food and if she had nausea. Sure enough, when I woke up the next morning, I felt nauseous when I brushed my teeth. I saw that greasy foods didn't want to eat, I like to eat "Plum", and there was a partial eclipse. Not only did she gain weight, but she also felt fetal movements, so she came to the obstetrics and gynecology hospital for examination. Strangely, the doctor confirmed that she was not pregnant after gynecological examination, laboratory examination and B-ultrasound, but got a condition called "mental pregnancy". Mental pregnancy is pseudopregnancy. Functional amenorrhea is caused by mental factors. Under the cues of others and self-implication, the psychological contradiction has turned into a physical symptom, a physiological illusion has appeared, and the nausea caused by the irritation of the throat when brushing your teeth in the morning is regarded as a pregnancy response. Under the suggestion of "whether you want to eat sour food", the phenomenon of "love to eat plums" has appeared, and the physiological intestinal peristalsis, illusion into fetal movement; obesity, illusion into "uterine enlargement, abdominal distension" All this is a physiological illusion.

Pathological illusion

Illness also occurs when a person is sick. This is a pathological illusion. Pathological illusions are more common than high fever delirium and low consciousness. For example, a patient can mistake a saline pill being infused as a poisonous snake; mistake a vase on a bedside table as a skull; mistake a chandelier as a terrible python ... Pathological illusions often have terrible elements, so patients Emotions are often frightened. When the temperature drop is not in the high fever and the degree of consciousness becomes clear, the pathological illusion will heal without medical treatment.

Illusions are classified by visual error

Subjective overcome

Mistake: As the "Cup Bow Snake Shadow" in idioms, such as the coat hanging on a hanger as a person hiding behind the door, such as a ceiling lamp mounted on the ceiling as

Will blink or not

It's heads hanging from the ceiling, etc. These are all examples of false vision. In addition, there is a special illusion, which is the illusion of fantasy, meaning that the patient wrongly perceives what actually exists through the patient's own subjective imagination as an image completely different from the original thing. Perceived as a flying fairy image through imagination; some patients perceive cracks on the wall as imaginary misperceptions as some beautiful patterns or crooked monsters. These misconceptions can generally be overcome through subjective recognition. In addition to wrong vision, there are wrong taste, wrong touch, wrong smell, wrong hearing, and internal perceptual illusion.

Mueller-Leyer illusion

One interpretation of the Müller-Leyel illusion is the perspective of the theory of constancy. It is believed that specific stimulus characteristics such as arrows in the figure are a marker of visible distance. Although this explanation does not involve the microscopic mechanism of the brain, it should be basically correct.

Moon illusion

Another phenomenon that we often see in daily life is that the sun tends to look bigger in the morning than at noon. Don't define this phenomenon as the moon illusion. The illusion of the moon is that although the full moon looking up at the ground is equal to the full moon looking up at the sky, and the shadow formed on the retina is the same size, the average person always feels that the area near the ground is 30% to 50% larger.

Olbison Illusion

Orbison illusion, shape illusion. Proposed by American psychologist Olbison. will

illusion

A square is placed on a background with multiple concentric circles, and its diagonal intersections coincide with the center of the circle. It appears that the four sides of the square are curved inward (see figure). He once placed different geometric shapes (such as circles, squares, triangles, etc.) on the background of the lines, and found that these shapes would all look distorted and give the illusion of shape.

Matsuna illusion

When several parallel lines are intercepted by oblique lines in different directions, two kinds of illusions appear. One is that the parallel lines have lost their original parallelism; the other is that the black depths of the intercept lines in different directions seem to be different.

Fancy illusion

The braided rope of this image is spiral. In fact, it is composed of multiple concentric circles. The reader can choose any point on the circle to test it according to its line.

Fancy illusion

Sander illusion

Looking at this picture, you can see that the diagonal of the larger parallelogram on the left looks significantly longer than the diagonal of the small parallelogram on the right, but the two are actually the same length.

Sander illusion

Olbison Illusion

Debuff illusion

The small circle in the left picture is equal to the circle in the right picture, but they seem to be different; the right one appears smaller.

Step illusion

Stare at this figure for a few seconds

Matsuna illusion

bell. You will find two senses of perspective; sometimes it looks like a staircase upright, sometimes it looks like a staircase upside down.

Step illusion

Hailin Illusion

When two parallel lines are intercepted by a multi-directional straight line, it seems that the characteristics of the original parallel lines are lost.

Cause of illusion

A brief introduction to illusion

The picture shows the human visual imaging process. When the light reflected from an external object passes the cornea and aqueous humor with the information on the surface of the object, it enters the eyeball through the pupil and is focused on the retina to form an image (Figure 1). Imagery stimulates photoreceptor cells on the retina, these photoreceptors

illusion

The nerve impulses generated by the cells are passed along the optic nerve to the visual center of the cerebral cortex, which is the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex. Here, the nerve impulses are converted into the scene recognized in the brain (Figure 2). The generation of these scenes has been processed, and it is a coordinated work of "angle sense", "image sense", "stereometry", etc., and restores the image in the virtual space of the brain according to the information ingested. The restoration is equivalent to throwing the image outward Go out (Figure 3). The virtual position can be roughly aligned with the original physical position, which is the scene we see (Figure 4). How does the brain work when we look at an object?

Although our existing knowledge about the visual system is huge, there are already subjects such as visual psychology, visual physiology, and visual molecules and cell biology, but we don't really have a clear idea of how to look at things, and we still have a visual process. Lack of clear, scientific understanding.

You may have a rough idea of how you see things. For example, each eye is considered to be a miniature television camera, focusing the external scene on a special retinal screen behind the eye, and each retina has numerous photoreceptors that respond to photons entering the eye. Then, integrate the images that enter the brain from both eyes so that you can see things. But in fact, this is too easy to think about how to look at things, and even completely wrong in many cases.

In order to study the problem of "seeing", we must understand the task involved and the biological device in the mind that accomplishes that task.

Animals need a visual system to find food, avoid natural enemies and other dangers. Mating, raising offspring, and so on are also inseparable from the visual system. Photons that enter the eye can only tell us the brightness and certain wavelength information of a certain part of the field of vision, but we need to know

illusion

What is there is what it is doing and what it may do. In other words, we need to look at objects, their motion, and their "meaning". But this alone is not enough. We must also be "real-time" and act quickly enough before this information becomes obsolete. Therefore, it is necessary to extract vivid information as soon as possible. Therefore, the eye and brain must analyze the light information that enters the eye in order to obtain all this important information.

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Formation of optical illusion

As for optical illusion, there is no exact explanation so far.

Crick has given three comments:

1. You can easily be deceived by your visual system;

2. The visual information provided by our eyes may be ambiguous;

3. Seeing is a build process.

You can easily be deceived by your own visual system. We usually think we can see anything in the field of vision with the same clarity, but if our eyes remain motionless for a short period of time, we will find it wrong. Only when you are close to the center of the gaze, you can see the details of the object. The more you deviate from the center of vision, the worse the resolution of the details is. At the outer periphery of the field of vision, it is even difficult to identify the object. The reason why this is not obvious in daily life is because we can easily move our eyes constantly, so that we have the illusion that objects everywhere are equally clear.

Any kind of visual information that our eyes provide to us is usually ambiguous, it provides itself

Vision imaging

Information is not enough to give us a definitive explanation of objects in the real world. In fact, there are often many credible different interpretations. But it is worth noting that there can only be one interpretation at a time, and there are no strange situations where several interpretations are mixed. The different interpretations of visual images are examples of what are mathematically called "ill-posed problems." There are many possible solutions to any ill-posed problem, and they are equally reasonable without any additional information. In order to get a true solution, mathematically called "constraints" are needed. The vision system must derive inherent assumptions about how best to interpret the input information. The reason why we usually look at things without uncertainty is because the brain combines the information provided by many significant features such as the shape, color, and movement of the visual scene, and considers all these different visual clues. Gave the most reasonable explanation.

Seeing is a building process. Instead of passively recording the visual information that enters the eye, the brain actively seeks to interpret this information. A prominent example is the "filling" process, such as the filling phenomenon associated with blind spots. The blind spot is because the optic nerve fibers connecting the eye and the brain need to leave the eye from a certain point, so there is no photoreceptor in a small area of the retina. But despite the blind spots, there are no obvious holes in our vision. This shows that the brain is trying to fill in what should be in the upper blind spot with accurate guesses.

As the saying goes, "Seeing is believing". According to common understanding, it means that when you see something, you should believe that it does exist. But Crick gave a completely different interpretation: what you see doesn't necessarily exist, but your brain thinks it exists. In many cases, it does fit the characteristics of the visual world, but in others, blind "belief" can lead to errors. Look is an active construction process, and your brain can best explain it based on previous experience and the limited and obscure information provided by your eyes. The reason why psychologists are keen to study optical illusions is that some functional defects of the visual system can provide some useful clues to reveal how the system is organized.

How should we look at vision? Obviously, my mind seems to have an "image" of the world in front of it, but few people believe that there is a real screen somewhere in the brain that produces a light pattern corresponding to the outside world. If you look at how computers process images, you will know that computers store symbolic representations of images, and that images can be produced from these memorized symbols. So why doesn't our brain have a symbolic screen? If the screen consists of an ordered array of nerve cells, each cell operates on a specific "point" in the image, and the intensity of its activity is proportional to the light intensity at that point. If the point is bright, the cell is active vigorously; if there is no light, the cell stops moving. In this way, the appearance is symbolic. Shouldn't this be the code?

The problem with this arrangement is that we cannot perceive any object except for each small spot, and we cannot combine the spots into something meaningful. Our brain can easily identify a specific object in an image, such as a face. Therefore, the brain cannot be just a collection of cells that merely indicate where there is a light intensity category. It must produce a description of symbols at a higher level, probably a series of descriptions of symbols at a higher level. This is not a one-step thing, because it must rely on past experience to find the best interpretation of the visual signal. Therefore, the brain needs to construct a multi-level interpretation of the external visual scene, usually in terms of objects, events and their meanings. Since an object (such as a face) is usually composed of various parts (such as eyes, nose, mouth, etc.), and these parts are composed of its sub-parts, symbol interpretation is likely to occur at several levels.

These higher-level explanations have been implicit in light patterns on the retina. But this is not enough. The brain must make these explanations more explicit. The explicit representation of an object is symbolic and requires no further processing. Implied

Blind spot

The appearance of has included this information, but it must be further processed to make it clear.

Once something is symbolized in a clear form, the information can easily become general information. It can be used for both further processing and an action. In neuron terms, "clearness" means that the release of nerve cells must be able to more directly characterize this information. Therefore, to "see" a scene, we need its clear, multi-level symbolic interpretation.

For many people, it is difficult to accept that what we see is only a symbolic interpretation of the world. Because everything seems to be "the real thing", in fact, we do not have direct knowledge of the various objects in the surrounding world. This is nothing more than an illusion produced by an efficient visual system, because as we have seen, our interpretations occasionally go wrong.

Illusion theory

1. Eye movement theory : When we perceive geometric figures, the eyes always make regular scanning movements along the contours or lines of the figures. When people scan some parts of the figure, the direction and range of eye movements are changed due to the influence of the surrounding contours, causing sampling errors, and thus various perception errors. (Some experiments prove that eye movement is not the real cause of the illusion)

2. Neurosuppressive effect theory : This is a theory that explains the illusion from the level of neurophysiology. It is believed that when two contours are close to each other, the side inhibition process in the omentum changes the cell activity stimulated by the contours, thus making the nerve The center of the excitation distribution changes, resulting in the illusion of geometry and direction. (The theory ignores the relationship between illusion and the fusion mechanism of the nerve center).

3. Deep processing and common misuse theory : Illusion has its cognitive roots. When people perceive the size of a three-dimensional space object, they always estimate the distance, which is an important condition for maintaining the constancy of the size of the object. When people apply this characteristic of the three-dimensional world of consciousness to consciously or unconsciously, they will cause illusion. It can be said that illusion is an exception to the constancy of perception.

Illusion use

Illusion display

Use the illusion of space to enrich product display and reduce operating costs. A pedestrian passed by a store with various lamps hanging on the roof, all kinds of lamps were connected into one, dazzling and dazzling, attracted him to walk in, and looked and found that the store was not large, only because of the surrounding It is fully inlaid with mirrors and extends from the roof, so that the entire store seems to have doubled the area. Due to the refraction of the mirror and the effect of increasing the depth of field, the lamps hanging on the roof have also been increased by half. People feel overwhelmed. This is the wonderful use of spatial illusion in business. How to display merchandise in shopping malls with a lot of land and gold is directly related to the sales effect of the goods. If you learn from the above practices and make full use of mirrors, lights and other means in the display of goods, not only can you make the goods look colorful, but you can also reduce the number of goods on display, reduce product losses and operating costs. In some areas with small spaces, the use of mirrors, lights and other means to make the space larger can not only adjust the mood of consumers, but also enable sales staff to serve consumers with a good mood, avoiding customers who are not in a good mood Conflicts between conflicts. Use the illusion of time to adjust your mindset and improve business performance. Maybe you have had the experience of "waiting for others". The pain of time is a headache and the mood is surprisingly bad. If you are waiting for someone while reading a book or listening to music, you will find that time passes quickly. This is because when you read a book or listen to music, you distract attention from time and realize the transfer of time from intentional attention to unintentional attention, which creates the illusion of "fast time". We can hear music in many malls, but most malls don't know the sound

illusion

How exactly should the music be played? Music has a great impact on people's emotions. The rhythm and volume of music will affect the mood of customers and salespersons. If you are in a good mood, you will avoid many unnecessary contradictions and conflicts between customers, and there will be many business opportunities, and you will achieve higher social and economic benefits. If you play some music with a moderate volume and a slow rhythm when there are a small number of customers, it will not only make your customers and customers feel more comfortable, but also slow down the rhythm of customer actions, extend your stay in the mall, and increase more randomness. The chance of purchase also makes the service of the sales staff more in place. If you play some loud, fast-paced music when there are a large number of customers, the rhythm of the actions of the host and the client will be accelerated with the rhythm of the music, and the efficiency of purchase and service will be improved, avoiding low efficiency due to the large number of people The mood caused by the bad, conflicts increased.

Illusion Restaurant

Use the illusion of movement to adjust the means of service. There is a cake cutting stall near the wharf of the Changtan Reservoir Dam in Huangyan City, Zhejiang Province. When the shop owner sells cakes, he deliberately cuts a little bit. After weighing, he sees that the amount is insufficient. Adding a little bit of it eventually lifted the tail of the scale. If you are a customer, seeing everything in the two, three and three scales with your own eyes, you will feel that you are really full and reliable, and you have confidence in the confectioner. If the confectioner does not do this, but cut a large piece on the scale, and then cut it down two times, until the scale is the amount you want, your feeling will be very different. Seeing that the small cake has been cut repeatedly, There will always be a feeling of loss-this is the effect of the illusion of motion on customers. The clever confectioner has cleverly used this extremely subtle change in psychological activity of the customer, and has truly achieved childlike intimacy, making the confectionery's location, humanity and superiority, and business flourishing all day long. It can be seen that always one-size-fits-all and one-size-fits-all are not necessarily good things, and they may not be a sign of good service.

Illusion price

Use the illusion of contrast to scientifically set commodity prices. Commodity prices are extremely sensitive elements in the market. There are two important concepts in price science: parity and spread. The so-called price comparison refers to the comparison of prices between different commodities. There is such a joke: A farmer went to the city to buy a clock, and after buying a big wall clock, he said to the salesperson, "I bought a big one, and you please give me a small one (refer to a watch)!" In theory, due to cost and other reasons, the prices of different products are often not comparable, but in practice, our consumers often compare: the same product priced at 20 yuan is placed at 20 When it is displayed in the products above RMB, it is a "low-priced" product; when it is displayed in products below 20 yuan, it is a "high-priced" product. It can be seen that the essence of the so-called price comparison is the consumer's illusion of the price of goods. Therefore, it is an important subject for marketers to make good use of to make full use of commodity price comparison for product display and promotion of product sales. The so-called spread refers to the difference in prices between the same products. There is also a joke: A consumer spent more than 100 yuan to buy a suit and was not fit, so he asked a friend in the clothing business to resell it for more than 90 yuan. Another friend knew this and came up with an idea: change the price of more than 90 yuan to 590 yuan for sale. As a result, the suit was sold quickly. Why is this happening? Modern marketing research shows that consumers in the consumer goods market are mostly non-experts. Because most of them lack commodity knowledge and market knowledge, they often use commodity prices to measure and judge the quality and value of goods. meaning. When it comes to price illusions, there are two other interesting phenomena: Odd pricing makes consumers feel cheaper than even pricing. 99 yuan is less than 100 yuan, cheap; 101 yuan is more than 100 yuan, expensive. -In fact, only 2 yuan left. As consumers, they always want the smallest satisfaction for the greatest satisfaction, that is, the two products have the same quality and the same functions, and consumers always choose the one with the lower price. Therefore, according to the target market and development strategy of the enterprise, it is necessary to make full use of the consumer's price illusion for scientific and reasonable pricing.

Illusion sale

Use the illusion of shape and weight to promote product sales. Which is a pound of cotton and a pound of iron? Tiezhong-This is the illusion of shape and weight. There was such a joke that was very inspiring: an old lady led her grandson to buy slippers, and as a result, bought a pair of "big" slippers and returned

illusion

. The child was improperly dressed and couldn't hold on, but the old lady said excitedly: big slippers are the same price as small slippers. Of course, buying big ones is a good dealthis is the sales effect produced by the illusion of weight. Some merchants put together products of different sizes (including volume, weight, size, thickness, etc.) but sell them at the same price. People will think that it is appropriate to buy larger than smaller ones. In this way, the "stupidity" of the merchant makes consumption This "takes advantage", thus promoting the sale of goods.

Illusion quality

Use the illusion of color contrast to improve economic efficiency. The owner of the Japanese trefoil coffee shop found that different colors make people feel different, but which color coffee cup is the best? So he did an interesting experiment: more than 30 people were invited, and each of them drank four cups of the same strength coffee, but the four coffee cups were red, brown, yellow, and cyan. Finally, it is concluded that almost all people think that the coffee with red cups is too strong; about two thirds of the people who use coffee cups think that they are too strong; the yellow cups have the right concentration; and the cyan cups All feel too light. Since then, Sanye Coffee Shop has switched to red cups for coffee, which not only saves costs, but also makes customers happy with the quality and taste of the coffee.

Illusion shape

Use geometric illusions to provide targeted services to obtain better service results. Argentine football team's vertical zebra uniforms are very distinctive among the national football team uniforms. The players in this uniform look very chic, and their bodies are even more enviable. Horizontal lines draw people's gaze to the left and right, making people's figure appear fuller; vertical lines draw people's gaze up and down, making people's figure appear slimmer-this is the effect of overestimating the illusion. Therefore, when providing services to consumers, clever use of geometric illusions can often receive excellent service results. For example, recommend vertical clothing for chunky people, discourage them from buying horizontal clothing, wide belts, low-collar shirts and other products to make them appear slim; recommend thin clothing for thin people to make them look full.

Illusion stage

Stage art design is the use of people's optical illusions to complete the creation of dramatic space modeling. The so-called optical illusion is "a perception image in which people's objective reality is different from the objective reality of the nature of things when they know things." There are physiological and psychological reasons for the illusion. "Light waves are transmitted into the eyes, and then the photoreceptors are thrown into the retina. Whether these retinal images come from two-dimensional graphics or our three-dimensional world, they will become half on a curved surface Flat shape. Therefore, there is an inherent ambiguity in the retina's input image. " When there is not enough information in the image to disambiguate, the illusion occurs. The most prominent illusion is optical illusion, dance

illusion

Desk designers often use visual illusions such as theatrical set design, costume design, stage lighting, and actor makeup to enhance the sharpness of the perceived image. Stage art design is a technique of expressing visual language. It must be based on research, utilization and inducing optical illusions in order to effectively and effectively convey the creative intentions of artists and convince the audience of the authenticity of things in front of them. So, how to apply the optical illusion phenomenon to the stage art design? From several aspects, the author talks about his own knowledge in combination with decades of dance design design practice. To properly use optical illusion in stage art design, we must explore and study the causes of optical illusion. The reasons for people's optical illusion are various things, such as the contrast between things, and the perceptual prediction when people observe things. Among them, contrast is one of the main factors that guide optical illusion. The contrast phenomenon formed by the difference of things "is the contradictory elements that interfere with each other, so that the contradictory parties produce a stronger, stronger, weaker and weaker reverse induction phenomenon." There are mainly two types of comparisons that cause optical illusions. :

Contrast of illusion

When the different forms are compared, the differences in the external contour features of the visual form show a lot of ambiguity in visual perception. For example, when the same form is placed in different environments, it gives people different perception impressions. .

First of all, when things of the same form are surrounded by things that have a smaller form, it will make people feel that it is larger than the actual thing; when they are surrounded by things that have a larger form, it will make people feel that it is larger than the actual thing. It's smaller. Applying this optical illusion phenomenon to stage art design often achieves a good performance effect. In the early 1980s, the large-scale opera "Shuangshuangyingzi" performed by Ankang Opera Troupe and Shaanxi Provincial Opera and Ballet Opera Troupe performed in Beijing. "Iron Girl Company" responded to the party's call and went to the battle-ready railway construction site. In the scene of "Climbing the Sky", the stage background is designed as a 100-meter tunnel, with rows of stands and bright lights, showing the intense construction scene of the "Iron Girl Company" soldiers in the tunnel. In order to create a dangerous situation in which a collapse occurs in the deep part of the tunnel, Dan Ying is not afraid to lift up a huge support tree and lift it to the dangerous place. We have arranged a lot of small support trees around the scene, and successfully used the relationship between the scenery and the visual proportion to make The images of characters and props are more realistic.

Second, the distance between things is also an important spatial component. In the limited space of the stage, the characteristics of distance, nearness, and reality are used to shape the distance between the drama space, fully mobilize visual illusions, and analyze the particularity of the depth of the space. This determines the stage designers The basic elements of stage art design are based on the principles of processing. Available methods include perspective and overlap. The perspective method itself is a way for the painter to express objective things with a three-dimensional sense and a sense of space in the plane, but the stage art designer can also fully grasp and interpret the perspective of the stage through a variety of methods, on a stage with limited space Create unlimited theater space. In the stage design of Ankang Opera Troupe participating in the Shaanxi Provincial Arts Festival's operas "Yu Qian'er" and "Three Rivers", the author has made full use of the characteristics of optical illusion, using multiple walls, and using the transformation of modern lighting The technique was used to achieve the artistic conception of Qinba deep mountain dense forest, which was horizontal as seen from the ridge side and peaked from different heights. At the same time, by using the methods of near big, far small, near real, far, and virtual, a deep space is formed on the stage, creating a good visual effect.

The overlapping rule is based on the illusion of the human eye, and the space of the stage is formed by the overlap between the scenery. Visual experience tells us that when two things partially overlap, although the part behind them is blocked, we can still think of its complete image in our minds. For example, in the shadow play popular in the southern Shaanxi, characters, animals, and scenery are all produced on a single layer. The scenery, the size of the actors, and the actual platform are required to use small and delicate modeling techniques. Use artificial lighting to make the audience pass the visual Lenovo becomes a complete artistic image. Scenes of the same shape but different sizes can be overlapped to form the illusion of depth of field. The "New Long March Song" performed to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March not only overlaps the scenes of the stage, but also uses more scientific techniques to multi-layer the stage performance area and expand the actors' performance area to more The level shows the Red Army is not afraid of difficulties and obstacles during the long march, climbing the snow-capped mountains and crossing the magnificent scenes of the grasslands, using modern lighting and landscaping to give the audience a new artistic enjoyment.

Illusion color contrast

"The area shape, position, and psychological stimulus of various colors in the composition constitute the contrast between colors." When the same color is placed in different color environments, it can give people different colors. Perceptual impression. When a small area of color is surrounded by another large area of color, the color characteristics of both sides are more vivid and the contrast is more intense. The mutual exclusion of large-area color and small-area color makes the small-area color more intense illusion in terms of brightness, hue purity, and warmth. This phenomenon has been widely used in the design of modern stage art. Granny Li and Li Tiemei in a play of the modern Peking Opera "The Red Lantern" "painful of revolutionary history", Li Yuhe in the "criminal battle" and modern opera "Sister Jiang" The images of sister Jiang and comrades-in-arms while embroidering the red flag in a play in prison ... used a small area of red and orange with higher brightness in a dark background to form a stronger contrast for artistic performance. It adds endless charm and played a very important role in shaping the hero's image in the play.

At the same time, color and light are twin brothers. With the help of modern lighting and control methods, we can project colorful lights to every corner of the stage to create environments, portray characters, render atmosphere, and explain plots. People's visual habits are also to pay attention to light and color first, then pay attention to the form, which is also natural color, and will show many changes under different light reflections. Therefore, there is a distinction between warm and cold and strong and weak for each kind of light. The lighting engineer grasps the rationality of color laying and organizes visual information of different natures and levels on the stage. In color selection, it is necessary to complement the light colors based on the actual life content and the needs of the plot and scene settings. When highlighting the night scene, blue light is heavier than other colors. It is necessary to pay attention to the reasonable setting of warm light sources. Relationship, and contrary to the laws of actual life, regardless of the needs of the plot and scene, set colors at will, will cause negative illusion to the audience's vision.

In addition to the contrast in form and color, the audience's prediction of visual perception can also cause illusion. Prediction belongs to the psychological category, so the optical illusion caused by it comes from people's visual experience and subconscious. People can perceive objects based on experience. Sometimes audiences can understand a play even if they don't hear the lines on the stage, because the content received by visual prediction has "hint" the audience. The greater the ambiguity that is implied, the stronger the illusion component caused. The audience, through their own visual experience and subconsciousness, through a play name, a piece of music, and a line of speech, will have unlimited reveries and predictions. In traditional Chinese opera, literary and artistic ancestors often used implied techniques: four sets of dragons could represent thousands of horses and horses; an actor's set of actions could be performed across the mountains and rivers; a table became a tall city wall. In our work, we should carefully analyze the audience's forecasting trends, fully mobilize the audience's predictive power, create a theater atmosphere, and allow the audience to participate in the task of shaping the image of the stage characters. In short, in the actual work of stage art design, optical illusion can be skillfully used to form a space that is different from objective things and looks like real life in the form and color relationship of stage art image. The change of the stage makes the performance area and the audience become one, so that the audience can feel the infinite charm of stage art when enjoying the theater performance.

Illusion is different from illusion

Illusion

In terms of sight, hearing and touch, there are no false feelings caused by external stimuli. People with some type of mental illness or in a state of hypnosis often experience hallucinations. It's an illusion, something that doesn't exist, but the patient perceives it. Normal people occasionally have hallucinations. For example, while anxiously waiting for someone to come, they suddenly heard the knock on the door, but no one actually came. The appearance of this hallucination is closely related to the psychology of expectation. In addition, hallucinations can also occur under sudden and strong stimulation. Under the influence of eager hope, intense expectation, and high tension, normal people can also experience certain fragments and ephemeral hallucinations, such as a mother's sudden loss of her son, great grief, and sometimes illusion that her son is talking to her. This hallucination usually does not last long, and as the mood improves, proper treatment will heal.

Illusion characteristics

Hallucinations have two main characteristics: First, hallucinations are feelings. Due to the lack of corresponding realistic stimuli, objective test results prove that the feelings are illusory, but in terms of patients' own experience, they do not feel illusory. Secondly, although hallucinations originate from subjective experience and have no objective source of reality, some patients firmly believe that their feelings come from objective reality. Hallucinations can be classified into true hallucinations, pseudo hallucinations, and residual hallucinations. In true hallucinations, the spontaneous excitement of the cerebral cortical sensation area activates and reproduces the previous image, which is the appearance. Because the appearance is particularly strong, it is bright, vivid, detailed and "projected" to the external objective world. "Projection" means that when the intensity of the activation of the image is as great as the image produced by the actual stimulus, it cannot be distinguished from the image of the actual stimulus in human consciousness. Space, so this is a natural outward projection process. If the reappearance of the image trace is only equivalent to the appearance, it is not so vivid, vivid and detailed, it is only active in the mind, does not "project" into the objective world, and it is generated by small random, it is a false hallucination . In addition, a longer-lasting hallucination that is not closely related to mood is often seen in patients with schizophrenia. When hallucinations occur, you should consult a doctor in time for psychological consultation or treatment. When hallucinations occur, you can actively divert your attention and enrich your daily life. This hallucination will disappear.