What Are the Different Liver Cancer Stages?

Cavernous hemangiomas of the liver are the most common benign liver tumors. May be related to congenital developmental abnormalities, the disease is more common in adults aged 30 to 50 years, more common in women. Clinical manifestations can vary with tumor size, location, growth rate, and degree of liver tissue damage.

Basic Information

Visiting department

Abdominal surgery

Multiple groups

30 to 50 year old women

Common locations

liver

Common causes

Hepatic capillary tissue infection, abnormal vascular development

Common symptoms

Stomach tightness, fullness after eating, belching, etc.

Causes of hepatic cavernous hemangioma

May be related to the following factors:

1. Hepatic capillary tissue deforms after infection and the capillaries dilate;

2. Vasodilation of the liver tissue after local necrosis to form a vacuole-like, blood vessels around the liver tissue after necrosis are congested and dilated, and finally form a vacuole-like;

3. After the regional blood circulation in the liver stagnates, it leads to the formation of cavernous expansion of blood vessels. Persistent venous stasis in the liver, causing venous enlargement;

4. Intrahepatic bleeding, hematoma mechanization, and blood vessel dilatation after recanalization;

5. Developmental abnormalities, which is considered by many scholars.

Clinical manifestations of hepatic cavernous hemangioma

Most patients are asymptomatic and are often found during physical examination or B-ultrasound, CT, and laparotomy. Tumors develop slowly and their course can last for decades. When the tumor gradually increases and compresses the adjacent organs, symptoms such as abdominal distension, fullness after eating, and belching may occur. Some patients may have anemia, total white blood cells, and thrombocytopenia, which may be related to intratumoral thrombosis, which destroys red blood cells and consumes a large number of platelets.

When giant cavernous hemangioma forms arteriovenous fistula in the liver, it can cause congestive heart failure. Rarely obstructive jaundice and occasionally twisted pedicles.

Most cases can touch the mass in the abdomen, the surface is smooth, the texture is soft or medium hardness, the pressure can be reduced, there is elasticity, no tenderness, and vascular noise can be heard.

Liver cavernous hemangioma

1. May have total white blood cells and thrombocytopenia.

2.B ultrasound

B-ultrasound is the most commonly used method to diagnose the disease. Small cavernous hemangiomas are mostly hyperechoic nodules with well-defined borders, while giant cavernous hemangiomas appear as a mixture of hyperechoic and hypoechoic images.

3. Isotope blood pool scan

Hepatic cavernous hemangioma is characterized by radioactive concentration of the filling defect area at the time of ordinary scanning, and becomes thicker with time. This overfilling phenomenon is a characteristic image of hepatic hemangioma.

4.CT

During the plain scan, the boundary was clear and uniform with low density shadows. After enhancement, the periphery of the lesion was seen to be flaky and nodular, and the center of the lesion was gradually strengthened after the delayed scan. Finally, the entire lesion was filled.

5.MRI

In the T ₁ weighted image, there is usually a uniform low signal, and the proton weighting is a uniform high signal. In the T ₂ weighted image, there is an obvious high signal, showing a bulb sign. If the hemangioma is fibrotic or cystic, the signal intensity may be uneven.

6. Hepatic arteriography

Hepatic arteriography is the most reliable method for diagnosing hepatic hemangioma. In the arterial phase, there are many vascular lakes in the tumor area. The contrast agent stays in the vascular lake for a long time, up to 20 seconds or longer, and it does not disappear until the venous phase.

Liver cavernous hemangioma treatment

Treatment of hepatic hemangioma includes surgical and non-surgical treatment. Determine based on tumor size, location, growth rate, and patient's physical condition. Because clinical malignant changes are rare, if there are no clinical symptoms, no special treatment is required, and regular follow-up is possible.

(I) Indications for surgical resection

1. There are obvious clinical symptoms that affect normal life and workers;

2. Giant cavernous hemangioma with a diameter> 10cm;

3. The diagnosis is not clear, and malignant tumors cannot be excluded;

4. Hemangiomas that grow faster and increase significantly in the short term;

5. Possibility of rupture and bleeding;

6. For those under 40 years of age, tumors> 5 cm, may continue to grow.

(B) other treatments

Interventional embolization

Currently HAE is mostly used for the treatment of hepatic hemangiomas that cannot be surgically removed. In addition, cavernous hemangioma during pregnancy often increases rapidly. In order to prevent the rupture and bleeding of hepatic cavernous hemangioma caused by gradually increasing abdominal pressure, HAE is the best choice of treatment.

2. Radiation therapy

For giant cavernous hemangiomas that cannot be surgically removed, radiotherapy can be used to control the tumor to grow further.