What Are the Different Types of Infectious Disease?

Infectious diseases (Infectious Diseases) are a kind of diseases caused by various pathogens that can be transmitted from person to person, animal to animal or from person to animal. Most of the pathogens are microorganisms, and a small part are parasites. The cause of parasites is also called parasitic disease. For some infectious diseases, the epidemic prevention department must grasp the incidence of the disease in time and take countermeasures in a timely manner. Therefore, it should be reported to the local epidemic prevention department in a timely manner after discovery. There are currently 39 types of notifiable infectious diseases in China, including A, B and C.

[chuán rn bìng]

Transmission of infectious disease

The pathogen is excreted from the infected person, and passes through a certain transmission route, and is transmitted to the susceptible person to form a new infection. For infectious diseases to occur and spread in a certain group of people, there must be three basic links: the source of infection, the route of transmission, and the susceptible group.

Sources of infection: Humans and animals that have pathogens growing and reproducing in the body and can excrete pathogens, that is, people and animals suffering from infectious diseases or carrying pathogens. Patients with infectious diseases are an important source of infection, and there are a large number of pathogens in their bodies. At different stages of the course of the disease, the role of the patient's source of infection is different, which is mainly related to the disease type, the number of excreted pathogens, and the degree and frequency of the patient's contact with the surrounding population. For example, most patients with infectious diseases can excrete a large number of pathogens when they have clinical symptoms, which threatens the surrounding people and is an important source of infection. But some patients such as

The main diagnosis is based on

At present, some conditional pathogens are still used as indirect indicators for detection. Intestinal infectious diseases are indexed by E. coli, and respiratory infectious diseases are indexed by hemolytic streptococcus. Hepatitis virus surface antigen in recent years,

When the test result is positive, it is necessary to know as soon as possible the sensitivity of the pathogenic microorganism to the drug or

Overview of the world's leading lethal infectious diseases

Since some of the known infectious diseases can cause severe harm to humans or may cause a pandemic, many countries have therefore borrowed the public authority of the government to assist the medical system to closely monitor the occurrence and subsequent development of such diseases, and to avoid the expansion of immune status These infectious diseases are known as legal infectious diseases. Under the relevant laws, physicians are usually obliged to notify health authorities within a specified period of time or in a standardized process according to the disease classification.

The Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Responsible reporting unit and responsible epidemic reporter found lungs in infectious diseases of type A and B

According to the provisions of the Chinese "Communicable Disease Control Law" (issued in 1989), the prevention, control and elimination of the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases are the sacred duties of medical staff at all levels. Therefore, clinicians should strive to prevent infectious diseases while doing a good job in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Infectious disease prevention measures can be divided into: preventive measures when the epidemic situation does not appear; preventive measures after the epidemic situation emerges; therapeutic preventive measures.

Looking at the plagues in history, in addition to directly causing heavy casualties, they also have the following consequences and impacts.

Panic caused by unknown cause

Plague often has serious psychological effects on people. The plague of Athens from 430 to 427 BC left people in the city in a nightmare. The plague in London in 1665, the cause of which was unknown at the moment, further exacerbated the mystery and horror of the epidemic. Many innocent people were accused of spreading the plague and were executed by the panicked people. Cats were also used as the source of the plague and killed. The plague is rampant and society is on the verge of collapse.

Sudden population decline threatens survival

The plague between 430 and 427 BC decimated Athens, which had twice led Greece to defeat Persia. The plague that plagued 21-21266 AD eventually accelerated the decline of the imperishable Roman Empire. The smallpox pandemic from 1518 to 1526 was an important reason for the disappearance of the Aztec Empire (now in Mexico) with a population of 25 million. The deliberate spread of the smallpox virus by the colonists drastically reduced the number of thousands of North American Indian tribes to a few thousand or eliminated them.

Serious downsizing affects combat effectiveness

In 1812, Napoleon's army of 500,000 invaded Russia, and there were only more than 3,000 people left after a year of defeat. Among them, far more soldiers died from typhoid fever and dysentery than from war. During World War II, malaria was endemic in the Allied Forces, causing a large number of soldiers to die or lose combat effectiveness.

Promote public health and medical development

The fourth pandemic of cholera from 1865 to 1875 forced people to pay attention to the sanitary conditions of water sources, food, and the environment, which led to the establishment of public hygiene, and reconsidered urban planning from the perspective of public health, using geometric layout and widening streets to Improve the overcrowded old city. Here, John Snow's medical investigation of the cholera epidemic in London pioneered early epidemiological work. ^[1]

Disease control spectrum

Various infectious diseases have very different prevention goals because of their specific epidemic links, characteristics and different external environments. At present, most infectious diseases can only aim at controlling the incidence and preventing the epidemic. Very few diseases can meet the requirements of elimination due to mature conditions and effective measures. Very few diseases can reach the goal of elimination under the premise of mature conditions and the concerted efforts of all countries in the world. The prevention of infectious diseases from control to elimination to elimination of the differences shown in disease prevention strategies and measures is called the spectrum of disease control. In order to prevent diseases and promote human health, people expect to gradually control diseases that are currently difficult to control. On this basis, we can move towards elimination and eventually achieve the goal of elimination. This process is not only a beautiful ideal for human beings, but also an extremely difficult one. To achieve this goal depends on scientific progress, including epidemiological progress and the preparation of relevant conditions.

Control refers to reducing the incidence and / or prevalence of the disease. The control effect of some diseases is obvious. Once the countermeasures and measures are implemented, the incidence will decrease significantly.

These effects are mainly reflected in changing the regional distribution of insect vectors, increasing the speed and invasion of insect vectors, and shortening the incubation period of pathogens. The arbo-borne diseases that are most affected by climate change include malaria, schistosomiasis, dengue and other arbo-viral diseases. ^[4]