What Are the Most Common Frontal Lobe Lesion Symptoms?

Frontal lobe symptoms can occur when craniocerebral trauma affects the anterior cranial fossa, anterior cerebral, branching lesions from the middle artery to the frontal lobe, sinus infections, frontal tumors, and pituitary stroke.

Frontal syndrome

The frontal lobe is located in the front of the brain. There are four main cerebral gyruses, namely the central anterior gyrus, upper frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and subfrontal gyrus. Frontal lobe lesions mainly cause obstacles such as voluntary movement, speech, cranial nerve, autonomic nerve function, and mental activity.

Frontal symptom group etiology and pathogenesis

Clinical manifestations of frontal lobe symptoms

1. Cranial nerve palsy: in the anterior cranial tumor or local arachnoiditis, the olfactory disturbance on the focus side, the primary optic nerve atrophy and contralateral papillary edema, bilateral papillary edema, the visual acuity of the diseased side can decrease rapidly or even disappear completely .

2. Dyskinesia: frontal lobe irritating lesions, convulsions on the contralateral upper, lower limbs or face-Jackson's epilepsy; generalized epilepsy; paralysis.

3. Abnormal reflexes: lesions in the prefrontal lobe region, with strong grip reflexes on the contralateral side, groping reflexes, canine reflexes, and contralateral tension reflexes in the early stage, and Leri reflexes on the contralateral upper limbs.

4. Frontal lobe ataxia: Frontal lobe lesions, half of the patients in the area have sitting, walking obstacles, turning instability, and easy to fall to the opposite side of the lesion.

5. Motor aphasia: complete motor aphasia, the patient completely loses speech ability, but the pronunciation and tongue motor muscles are good; part of the motor aphasia, the patient can speak to a certain extent, but the vocabulary is poor, the speech is slow, the grammar is wrong, and often wrong words.

6. Autonomic dysfunction: changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and gastrointestinal dysfunction.

7. Mental disorders: Early onset of near-memory disorders, with no memory. As the disease progresses, distant memory is lost, with indifferent expression and inattention. Emotions fluctuate easily, sexual desire, agitation, and irritability are the characteristics of frontal lobe lesions.

8. Dyslexia, Illegal Disease, Stiffness: Patients cannot dictate and write automatically, that is, writing inability. The presence of resistance to any action applied to the patient is a violation. Stiffness also appeared. Patients did not eat or speak, facial expressions were often fixed, and they did not respond to internal and external stimuli. This state can last for hours, weeks, or months.

Differential diagnosis of frontal syndrome

Frontal Lobe Symptoms (1) Cerebral Arteriosclerosis

Cerebral arteriosclerosis The onset of this disease is more than 50 years old, and the onset slowly develops progressively. The early manifestations are mainly attentive distraction and obvious recent forgetfulness. This memory disorder can have noticeable fluctuations and often unexpectedly recovers suddenly. Late memory decline, difficulty thinking, and sluggish speech. Emotional disorders, emotional depression is most prominent at the beginning of the disease, late emotional stagnation, and strong crying and laughing. Personality changes manifest as sensitive, suspicious, and victimized delusions. Some patients have advanced dementia. Nervous system examination, the fundus arteries have become thinner, the reflection is enhanced, and arteriovenous cross pressure marks have appeared. Skull CT is limited to low-density areas. Increased blood cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins should be considered as the possibility of arteriosclerosis.

Frontal Symptoms (2) Pituitary Stroke

Pituitary apoplexy When pituitary apoplexy increases in volume, the pressure in the saddle increases, the frontal lobe is compressed, and paralysis of the optic nerve and optic cross appears, as well as , , cranial nerve palsy. When the lower part of the thalamus is compressed, a disturbance of consciousness occurs.

Frontal lobe symptoms (3) Frontal abscess

Frontal sbscess is mostly secondary to infections in other parts, with a history of fever and acute onset. Examination of peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid revealed increased polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In addition to forehead pain, vomiting, and papillary edema, the pulse is often slow. Increased blood pressure, widened pulse pressure, slowed breathing, and mental symptoms are often the earliest memory loss, especially the loss or loss of near memory, while distant memory is preserved, lesions are aggravated, and far and near memory are lost. Personality changes are mostly irritable, euphoric, and naive. The incidence of these psychiatric disorders is about 60%. Seizures are also common symptoms of frontal abscesses. Most are generalized seizures, which can also evolve from localized epilepsy to generalized epilepsy. Speech disorders show only the ability to understand speech, the ability to speak is completely lost, the lighter speaks slowly and difficultly, and the speech pauses and eats. Strong grip reflexes and groping reflexes on one side are important indicators of frontal lobe lesions.

Frontal Symptoms (4) Frontal Lobe Tumors

Frontal tumors In addition to headache, vomiting, and papillary edema, the frontal tumors can cause mental symptoms. This symptom appears earlier and has a higher incidence. Mainly manifested as memory impairment and personality changes. The early symptoms are usually lack of concentration, memory and comprehension, which is also marked by the loss of near memory and the preservation of distant memory. However, as the disease progresses, thinking and comprehensive abilities decline significantly, and there is a disorientation of time and place. Personality changes are mainly mental retardation and indifferent expression. Seizures are often the first symptom, and 4/5 are major seizures without aura. The tumor is located at or near the base of the forehead, and compresses the olfactory nerve, which can lead to loss of smell. When there is a tumor in the frontal lobe, urinary incontinence or a sense of urinary urgency occurs. In frontal pole tumors, sophisticated advanced dyskinesias, inconsistent continuous movements of embroidery and needle penetration, and disjointed speech and behavior. In frontal tumors, the contralateral abdominal wall and cremaster test reflex weakened or disappeared, while ankylosing plantar flexion reflex appeared.

Frontal lobe symptom group (5) intracranial parasitic disease

Intracranial parasitosis. Frontal parasitosis often has seizures and mental symptoms, but according to epidemiology, history of parasite contact, presence of parasites in other parts of the body, positive skin test, blood and cerebrospinal fluid complement It is not difficult to diagnose by test.

Frontal symptom group (6) Pituitary tumor

Pituitary tumors are more common in adults and the main symptom is pituitary dysfunction. Headache, primary atrophy of the optic nerve, double temporal blindness. When the tumor develops into the saddle, mental symptoms and seizures can occur. Hemiplegia can occur when a tumor affects the internal capsule or compresses the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and affects its blood circulation.

Frontal lobe symptom group (7) Subdural hematoma

Subdural hematoma Subfrontal hematoma can be seen at any age, and the symptoms are more obvious. A few patients may have seizures. Most have a history of obvious trauma, and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure occur shortly or months after the injury, and the local signs are not obvious. Carotid angiography, on the anterior and posterior images, the anterior cerebral artery is displaced to the contralateral arc, the middle cerebral artery is pressed downward and displaced to different degrees to the inside, and a half-moon-shaped avascular zone between the blood vessels and the skull inner plate .