What Are the Most Common Side Effects of the Tetanus Vaccine?
Tetanus vaccine is made with tetanus toxoid. The traditional production process includes: culturing toxin-producing tetanus in a liquid medium conducive to toxin production, harvesting toxins by filtration, detoxifying with formaldehyde to make toxoids, and purifying them in several steps, and finally destroy bacteria. To improve immunogenicity, toxoids are adsorbed with aluminum or calcium salts. Adsorption of tetanus toxoid is inoculated by intramuscular injection. Tetanus toxoid is relatively stable, can be exposed to an ambient temperature of 20 ° C for several months, and can be stored at 37 ° C for several weeks without a significant decrease in efficacy. However, if the ambient temperature reaches 56 ° C, the vaccine can be destroyed within 2 hours. Tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines should be stored at +4 (28) ° C and should not be used if the vaccine has been frozen.
Tetanus vaccine
- Chinese name
- Tetanus vaccine
- Foreign name
- Tetanus vaccine
- Made element
- Tetanus toxoid
- Ambient temperature
- 37
- Tetanus vaccine is made with tetanus toxoid. The traditional production process includes: culturing toxin-producing tetanus in a liquid medium conducive to toxin production, harvesting toxins by filtration, detoxifying with formaldehyde to make toxoids, and purifying them in several steps, and finally destroying them. bacteria. To improve immunogenicity, toxoids are adsorbed with aluminum or calcium salts. Adsorption of tetanus toxoid is inoculated by intramuscular injection. Tetanus toxoid is relatively stable, can be exposed to an ambient temperature of 20 ° C for several months, and can be stored at 37 ° C for several weeks without a significant decrease in efficacy. However, if the ambient temperature reaches 56 ° C, the vaccine can be destroyed within 2 hours. Tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines should be stored at +4 (28) ° C and should not be used if the vaccine has been frozen.
- The efficacy of the toxoid is expressed in protective International Units (IU), which is determined by assessing the survival rate of guinea pigs or mice after tetanus toxin challenge. According to WHO requirement 2, the potency of tetanus toxoid should not be less than 40 IU per dose (0.5 ml) (measured in guinea pigs or mice); if tetanus toxoid is combined with diphtheria and whole-cell pertussis vaccine, Below 40 IU (measured in guinea pigs) or 60 IU (measured in mice).
- In the international market, tetanus toxoids include monovalent antigen vaccine (TT), diphtheria tetanus combined vaccine (DT or dT, depending on the content of diphtheria toxoid) and pertussis-diphtheria toxoid-tetanus combined vaccine (DTwP, DTaP, dTaP or dTap). Pertussis vaccines include whole cell pertussis vaccine (wP) and acellular pertussis vaccine (aP), and are recorded as aP or ap according to the amount of pertussis antigen. In addition, DTwP or DTaP-based combination vaccines have long been available on the market, including inactivated polio vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine.