What are the Risks of Phlebitis?

Lower extremity phlebitis is a clinically common disease. Both men and women can develop the disease, which is more common in young adults. Thrombotic phlebitis of the lower extremities can occur in various parts of the body, usually in the extremities, followed by the chest and abdomen wall, and a few are migratory. The clinical features are: sudden swelling, burning, pain or tenderness along the superficial veins, and the appearance of strands or indurations. After the acute phase, the cords became stiff and localized skin pigmentation.

Phlebitis of lower extremities

- Lower extremity phlebitis-brief introduction

The irritation of the blood vessel wall causes inflammation of the blood vessel wall. Lower extremity phlebitis belongs to the categories of traditional Chinese medicine pulse paralysis, blood paralysis, evil veins, swelling, tendon paralysis, stasis and blood flow, and is more common in middle and elderly people. Its clinical features are swelling and pain in the affected area, increased standing or exertion, deepened skin color and increased skin temperature in the affected area. Its pathogenesis is caused by damp heat betting, qi and blood stasis and qi and blood discord. In unilateral onset, the left side is more than the right side. At the onset, the superficial vein is a hard cable and may have spontaneous pain. Tenderness or stretch pain, commonly known as "pulse palsy"; sudden redness, swelling, burning, and pain along the superficial veins and surrounding tissues. After the redness and swelling pain subsides, you can locally touch the hard cord. And accompanied by hyperpigmentation, or mild heat and mild pain, those with varicose veins are often referred to as "evil veins"; those without a history of varicose veins can be referred to as "blood stasis." "Elbow Reserve Emergency Formula": "Evil vein disease, the body suddenly has red veins like earthworm-like." "The flesh is swollen, and the pain is narrow and long."

- Phlebitis of lower extremities-Pathogenesis

Intravenous input of various antibiotics or hypertonic glucose solutions or mechanical damage to the vein wall directly, as well as blood stagnation caused by long-term varicose veins, etc., lead to damage to the lining of the veins, the formation of thrombus, and the rapid inflammation of the entire shallow vein Even the tissues around the veins are involved, and there is exudate, and the rope columns with localized pain, swelling and tenderness are often accompanied by systemic reactions, but most of them are not serious.

- Lower extremity phlebitis-Clinical manifestations

The patient complained that there was burning pain and tightness and swelling at the injection site. With the blood vessels at the injection site, cord-like red lines would be produced, and palpation sometimes felt stiff and feverish. The infusion flow rate may be constant, slowed, or stopped, depending on whether the thrombus is formed or not, and the condition that caused the obstruction.

1. Thrombotic deep lower extremity phlebitis manifests early swelling of the affected limb, localized skin redness, swelling, heat, pain, exacerbation after exertion, and relief after rest. With the development of the disease, nutritional disorders of the affected limbs appear, itching, desquamation, pigmentation are black, eczema-like dermatitis, and varicose veins can be associated. A persistent skin ulcer appears at a later stage. Long-term ulcers can cause skin cancer.

2. In the early stage of ambulatory lower extremity phlebitis, local skin redness, swelling, heat, and pain can be seen, which can touch the induration or cords and tenderness. After the inflammation subsided, the skin pigmentation was black. Can be repeated many times, the location is uncertain, was migratory.

- Lower extremity phlebitis-Basic classification

1. Mechanical lower extremity phlebitis:

1) Improper fixing method: The puncture site is not fixed firmly, causing the needle tube to slide.

2) The diameter of the selected catheter is too thick, which stimulates the vessel wall.

3) The puncture site is too close to the joint, due to the joint movement, the needle tube and the blood vessel wall are constantly rubbing, resulting in an inflammatory response.

2. Chemical lower extremity phlebitis: Insufficient drug dilution, infusion acid, alkalinity is too high, solute concentration is too high, and the difference in indwelling needle material is the cause of chemical lower extremity phlebitis.

3. Bacterial lower extremity phlebitis: usually related to incorrect disinfection methods, poor puncture techniques, damage to the aseptic state of the infusion cannula, and excessive catheter indwelling time.

4. Due to the different etiology and pathology as well as clinical characteristics, the limb, thoracoabdominal wall thrombotic superficial lower extremity phlebitis is also called benign thrombotic superficial lower extremity phlebitis. Intermittent, recurrent thrombotic superficial lower extremity phlebitis is referred to as walking thrombotic superficial lower extremity phlebitis.

- Lower extremity phlebitis Lower extremity phlebitis-risk factor

1.The material, length and diameter of the catheter needle

2. Poor operation technology

3. Improper puncture site

4. Catheter needle is indwelled for too long

5. Improper fixing method

6. The concentration of the infusion is too strong, acidic, or incompatible, causing precipitation.

7, the patient's own pathophysiological conditions, such as age or disease caused the blood vessel wall to be weak and inflamed.

Non-invasive hemodynamic interventional therapy for lower extremity phlebitis ;

Lower extremity phlebitis treatment principle;

Non-invasive hemodynamic interventional therapy makes full use of the non-invasiveness and accuracy of fixed-point intervention in the field of ultrasound intervention. For leg lesions, an interventional treatment is performed according to the principle of hemodynamics. At the same time, special vascular nutrition drugs are selected to match the leg blood vessels The function of the venous valve is restored, and the blood flow of the deep veins is restored, thereby improving the blood circulation of the surface layer and achieving the effect of complete cure.

6 6 advantages of lower extremity phlebitis

First, non-invasive technology without pain: no surgery, no surgery, no pain, bid farewell to the era of scalpel, break the traditional high-level ligation, excision surgery.

2. Natural and beautiful without scars: It will be restored as before and without scars. After one week of treatment, the varicose area can be restored to a smooth skin state without leaving any scars.

Third, one-time treatment does not recur: So far, more than 10,000 cases have been relieved of pain, and no recurrence has been reported.

Fourth, follow the rule and leave without hospitalization: the treatment is rapid, follow the move without leaving the hospital, you can leave after finishing.

V. Elimination of Complications: TCM natural therapy, non-surgical, no incision is needed, non-invasive treatment recovers faster, and no complications will occur after treatment.

6. A wide range of treatments: It can completely treat patients regardless of their age, gender, and industry, regardless of their acute condition or duration.

- Lower extremity phlebitis- Lower extremity phlebitis

1. Lower extremity phlebitis occurs. If it is a general indwelling needle, it should be removed, and the puncture site should be replaced. The inflammation site can be given a hot compress. The symptoms should be improved within 3 days.

2. If PICC (peripheral venipuncture into the central catheter) develops lower extremity phlebitis, apply heat first. If it is mechanical or chemical lower extremity phlebitis, the symptoms should be relieved. If the symptoms persist and there is no sign of improvement, remove it.

3. For hot and humid compresses, use hot and humid towels for 20 minutes each time, 4 times a day.

4. If it is suspected of bacterial lower extremity phlebitis, you need to inform the doctor to perform the catheter needle and blood culture, and the blood culture should be taken from the other veins and catheters for blood culture as a basis for diagnosis.

5. If there is pus, purulent fluid should be cultured, and it should be performed with sterile cotton swabs; before sampling, avoid disinfecting the skin to avoid affecting the cultivation of bacteria.

6. Raise the affected limb to promote blood circulation and repair.

7. If a chemical reaction is suspected, record it. Records should be made according to the recording method developed by the IV Association in order to achieve consistency in the judgment standards of the nursing staff.

8. Avoid puncturing the inflamed blood vessels again. The inflamed blood vessels should be used until the symptoms are completely recovered and the elasticity is restored.