What Is a Chlorine Allergy?

Chlorhexidine, also known as chlorhexidine, is chemically named dichlorophenanthridine. It is a cationic surfactant and has a strong broad-spectrum bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect. It is a good bactericidal disinfectant for Gram. Positive and negative bacteria have stronger antibacterial effects than benzalkonium bromide.

It is positively charged and adsorbs on the negatively charged plaques and oral mucosal surfaces during oral gargle. The subsequently adsorbed drug diffuses from these areas and gradually precipitates to produce a sustained effect. The concentration in saliva decreases after 24 hours. This product Adsorbed on the osmotic barrier of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out, showing a bacteriostatic effect at low concentrations and a bactericidal effect at high concentrations. It is effective even in the presence of serum, blood, etc. Ineffective against spores, antacids, fungi and viruses. It is clinically used for hand washing, foaming hands, skin disinfection in the operating area before surgery; oral and throat infections, wound washing, instrument disinfection, ward or operating room disinfection. Creams or ointments are used in infants with eczema, small areas of burns, burns and impetigo; powders are used in rashes, eczema, and erythema. The coating is used for minor burns and scalds.

Chlorhexidine Chemicals

Chlorhexidine, also known as chlorhexidine, is chemically named dichlorophenanthridine. It is a cationic surfactant and has a strong broad-spectrum bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect. Positive and negative bacteria have stronger antibacterial effects than benzalkonium bromide.

It is positively charged and adsorbs on the negatively charged plaques and oral mucosal surfaces during oral gargle. The subsequently adsorbed drug diffuses from these areas and gradually precipitates to produce a sustained effect. The concentration in saliva decreases after 24 hours. Adsorbed on the osmotic barrier of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out, showing a bacteriostatic effect at low concentrations and a bactericidal effect at high concentrations. It is effective even in the presence of serum, blood, etc. Ineffective against spores, antacids, fungi and viruses. It is clinically used for hand washing, foaming hands, skin disinfection in the operating area before surgery; oral and throat infections, wound washing, instrument disinfection, ward or operating room disinfection. Creams or ointments are used in infants with eczema, small areas of burns, burns, and impetigo; powders are used in rashes, eczema, and erythema. The coating is used for minor burns and scalds. ^[1]

Chlorhexidine Basic Information

Chinese name: chlorhexidine

Chinese alias: 1,1'-hexylbis [5- (p-chlorophenyl) biguanide]; chlorhexidine;

English name: chlorhexidine

English alias: Chlorhexidin; Hibiclens; 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis [5- (4-chlorophenyl) biguanide]; Peridex; Clorhexidina;

CAS number: 55-56-1

Molecular formula: C22H30Cl2N10

Molecular weight: 505.44700

Exact mass: 504.20300

PSA: 167.58000

LogP: 6.28380

Physical and chemical properties of chlorhexidine

Appearance and properties: white powder

Density: 1.39 g / cm3

Melting point: 134-136 ° C (lit.)

Water solubility: 0.08 g / 100 mL (20 ºC)

Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. ^[2]

Chlorhexidine toxicology data

1. Skin or eye irritation: human, skin contact, standard Draize test, 1500ug / 3D

2. Acute toxicity: Rat oral LD50: 9200uL / kg; rat abdominal LD50: 60mg / kg; rat subcutaneous LD50:> 1mg / kg; mouse intravenous LC50: 21mg / kg; mouse oral LC50: 2515 mg / kg; mouse LC50: 44mg / kg; mouse subcutaneous LC50: 632mg / kg; mouse vein LC50: 24 mg / kg; rabbit vein LD:> 8mg / kg

3. Other multi-dose toxicity: Oral TDLo in rats: 150ul / kg / 30D-I

4. Reproductive toxicity: Oral TCLo of male mice: 1680mg / kg, mating 7 days ago

5. Mutagenicity: Mutant microorganismsTEST system: Bacteria-Salmonella typhimurium: 14300pmol / plate

Chlorhexidine molecular structure data

1. Molar refractive index: 134.02

2. Molar volume (cm3 / mol): 363.3

3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K): 999.1

4. Surface tension (dyne / cm): 57.1

5. Polarizability (10-24cm3): 53.13

Chlorhexidine calculated chemical data

1. Hydrophobic parameter calculation reference value (XlogP): None

2.Number of hydrogen-bonded donors: 6

3.Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 2

4.Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 13

5.Number of tautomers: 36

6. Topological molecular polar surface area 178

7.Number of heavy atoms: 34

8.Surface charge: 0

9.Complexity: 649

10.Number of isotope atoms: 0

11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0

12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0

13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 2

14. Uncertain number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

15. Number of covalent bond units: 1 ^[3]

Chlorhexidine related drug instructions

Chlorhexidine classification name

Primary classification: Obstetrics and gynecology medication Second classification: Vulvar skin disease medication Third classification: Vaginitis topical medication

Chlorhexidine drug English name

Chlorhexidine

Chlorhexidine drug alias

Chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine, chlorphenanthrene, chlorohexamethylene biguanide, chlorhexidine, ales

Chlorhexidine drug dosage form

1. Ointment: 0.5% ~ 1%; 2. Suppository: 20mg, 40mg.

Chlorhexidine pharmacological action

This product has a bactericidal effect by changing the permeability of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. The bactericidal effect is stronger than the quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant.

Chlorhexidine indication

Treatment of gynecological diseases. Vaginal suppositories are commonly used clinically to treat vaginal bacterial and fungal infections with good results, and can also be used to treat trichomonas vaginitis.

Chlorhexidine contraindications

Those allergic to chlorhexidine.

Chlorhexidine adverse reactions

Suppositories can cause vaginal cervical mucosa exfoliation and ulcer bleeding. At this time, suppositories should be discontinued immediately and rinsed with normal saline. Local anti-inflammatory and hemostatic drugs should be applied once a day for several days.

Chlorhexidine dosage

Generally, one vagina is put into bed every day after menstruation, and 7 days is a course of treatment.

Chlorhexidine drug interactions

This product has strong synergy with ethanol.

Chlorhexidine drug evaluation

This product is a biguanide, a high-efficiency, broad-spectrum fungicide. It can play a bactericidal effect by changing the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. It has a stronger effect on Gram-positive bacteria than negative bacteria, and it is also effective on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi. But it is not effective against acid-resistant bacteria, spores and viruses. No resistance. It is effective even in the presence of blood or serum, with few local irritating and allergic reactions. ^[4]