What Is a Mammogram X-Ray?

X-ray examination is a method of diagnosing diseases using X-rays. It is divided into general examination, special examination and radiography examination. Perspective is a simple and commonly used inspection method, which can observe the changes in the shape and function of organs from different angles. ^[1]

X-ray photography requires a special photosensitive film. When X-rays pass through the human body, the dense part of the human body absorbs more X-rays, the emulsion on the film is less sensitive, and it appears white after processing. Conversely, low-density areas appear gray or black, forming a human body image. Film can be stored for a long time.

General inspection

(1) Perspective

The patient's position can be rotated to avoid back and forth overlap, which is more conducive to the discovery and observation of lesions, and to understand the dynamic changes of organs.

(2) Photography (flat film)

The imaging contrast and sharpness are good, which is conducive to the observation of the lesion, and can be recorded objectively, which is beneficial to the control before and after tumor treatment.

Special inspection

(1) Tomography

Tomography of the lesion-understand whether the internal structure of the lesion is damaged, hollow or calcified, the edge of the lesion, and the exact location and extent of the lesion. Tracheal tomographyused to examine tumors and mediastinal lesions. It can show whether the organs and bronchi are narrow, blocked or dilated, and can show whether the mediastinal paratracheal lymph nodes are enlarged.

X-ray radiography of molybdenum target

It is mainly used for soft tissue and breast.

Angiography

In order to make up for the lack of natural contrast between ordinary X-ray examination organs, artificial methods are used to introduce contrast agents into the organs to be examined or the surrounding tissues to enhance the contrast and make the organs clearly developed for observation. This method is for imaging. an examination. Oral contrast agents are mostly barium sulfate preparations. The contrast medium for injection is an aqueous solution of organic iodine (triiodobenzoic acid derivative). Non-ionic contrast agents are suitable for cardio-renal function because of their good hydrophilicity, low toxicity, and low response. Incomplete and elderly frail. Contrast agents for injection are mostly used for cardiac, cerebrovascular, and urinary angiography. Iodine preparations and oils can be used for bronchial, uterine fallopian tubes, fistula angiography.

(1) Barium meal examination of esophagus

A clear diagnosis of esophageal cancer and an understanding of the extent of the lesion are conducive to surgical treatment; esophageal changes caused by extraesophageal lesions (such as laryngeal cancer, mediastinal tumor, thyroid tumor, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy); comparison of esophageal cancer before and after treatment, and postoperative observation of anastomosis and fistula Wait.

(2) Examination of gastroduodenal barium meal

Diagnose gastroduodenal and small bowel tumors and understand changes in gastrointestinal function.

(3) Double contrast angiography of stomach

It is helpful for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer (surface and depression gastric cancer).

(4) Duodenal low tension angiography

It is of great help to tumors in the head of the pancreas and mass lesions in the duodenum itself.

(5) Small bowel angiography

Determine the nature of the obstruction and the condition of the lesion.

(6) Examination of colonic barium enema

Diagnosis and understanding of the scope of colon cancer.

X-rays are electromagnetic waves with short wavelengths that can penetrate human tissues, cause physiological and biochemical changes in human body fluids and tissue cells, and cause different degrees of damage.

Although medical X-rays have a small exposure to the human body each time, germ cells are easily damaged. The ovulation period of women of childbearing age may also be the early stage of conception. If X-ray examination is performed at this time, egg cells or fertilized eggs may be damaged. Some countries have stipulated that X-ray examinations of women of childbearing age must be performed within 10 days after menstruation, and this rule has been named the "ten-day law" of X-ray examinations of women of childbearing age. Therefore, some experts suggest that in addition to the urgent needs of women of childbearing age, X-ray examination should generally be done within 10 days after menstruation, and it should not be done during ovulation and early pregnancy. ^[2]

X-ray examinations commonly used for the nervous system include skull plain radiography, cerebral angiography, CT, and spinal cord imaging; X-ray examinations commonly used for the circulatory system include cardiac fluoroscopy, telephoto, and cardiovascular angiography; X-rays for the digestive system X-ray examination includes digestive tract radiography, X-ray photographs and radiography of the biliary system, CT examination of the liver, B-ultrasound, CT or angiography of the pancreas; X-ray examination commonly used in the urinary system includes X-ray abdominal plain film, intravenous urography , Retrograde pyelography, renal angiography, and CT; X-ray examinations commonly used in sports systems include X-ray fluoroscopy, X-ray plain film, tomography, angiography, arthrography, spinal angiography, and CT; often used in obstetrics and gynecology X-ray examinations include plain films of the abdomen, uterine fallopian tubes, and pelvic angiography.