What Is a Papilloma?

Papilloma can be divided into anal papillomas, cervical papillomas, and vulvar papillomas. Anal papillomas are one of the common benign tumors of the anorectum.

Papilloma can be divided into anal papillomas, cervical papillomas, and vulvar papillomas. Anal papillomas are one of the common benign tumors of the anorectum.

Chinese name

Papilloma

Foreign name

papilloma

Papilloma I. Classification of Diseases

Anal papilloma is an anal papilla that hardens due to long-term stimulation of feces and chronic inflammation. It is usually even out of the anus during stool, and is one of the common benign tumors of the anorectum. The arrangement of intratumoral cells and interstitial cells is the same as that of normal tissues. It is surrounded by an adventitia, grows slowly, and does not recur frequently after resection. As the anal papilla continues to grow, it will fall out of the anus during bowel movements. Due to repeated prolapse and frictional stimulation, the surface of the anal papilloma will erode and the secretion will increase, and the secretion will in turn stimulate the anal papilloma, causing Bigger. The incidence of this disease is more common in young adults, more women than men. Its onset is characterized by a hidden onset and a slow progression of disease. It will not go to the hospital for treatment until it is out of the anus. Anal papilloma is usually accompanied by anal sinusitis, and the two are often causal to each other.

Cervical papilloma is a soft, gray-red, and poorly-brifit tumor with thicker pedicles. The surface of the tumor sometimes has hyperkeratosis, which is difficult to distinguish from genital warts. This disease is usually rare; however, it is not very rare during pregnancy and it grows fast; after the birth, the disease gradually shrinks, and there is no evidence to prove that this disease is related to cervical cancer during pregnancy.

Vulvar papilloma is rare, and the lesions mostly occur in the labia majora, but also in the clitoris, clitoris, and perianal area. More common in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Papilloma II. Differential diagnosis

The clinical symptoms of anal papilloma can be seen in the usual time or defecation when there is a mass outside the anus, pedicure, pale color, medium texture. Local anal examination, internal anal finger examination can touch the pedicle induration at the dental floss.

Tests for anal papillomas include digital anus, anoscopy

1.Anal finger test

Slowly insert the doctor's index finger coated with lubricating oil into the patient's anus and surround the anus for a week to detect the presence of papillary mass at the tooth line. It is the most direct method for clinical diagnosis of anal papillomas. It has high diagnostic value, and experienced physicians can make initial diagnosis by digital examination.

2. Anoscopy

Observing the mass of the dental floss by anoscope, the anal papillomas are large, small, pedicled, pale in color, medium in texture, and more resilient. Can be visually observed, the diagnosis is clear, and a biopsy is possible when necessary. Anal papillomas must be distinguished from rectal polyps: the former is usually pedicled, pale in color, medium in texture, tough, and smooth on the surface, and it is not easy to bleed. Bleeding.

The clinical symptoms of vulvar papilloma are often asymptomatic, and some patients have itching of the vulva. Examination shows single or multiple protrusions of the vulva, which are cauliflower-shaped or nipple-shaped, ranging in size from several millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. If the tumor is large, the surface may be ruptured, bleeding, and infected due to repeated friction.

Diagnosis of vulvar papilloma: Based on clinical manifestations, a preliminary diagnosis can be made, and the diagnosis should be based on the pathological results after biopsy. It should be distinguished from genital warts. Vulvar warts are infected with human papilloma virus (HPV), and typical hollow cells can be seen under the microscope.

Papilloma III. Principles of treatment

There are several ways to treat anal papilloma

1. Anal papilloma ligation and resection

Attention should be paid to the ligation to prevent bleeding from slipping; a decompression incision should be made under the ligation line to prevent anal edge edema. Adapt to smaller anal papilloma, the short-term effect is definite, and a small number of patients relapse in the long term. The therapy is simple and effective. Because anal papilloma is located in the anal tooth line, it is easier to expose, and it can be pulled out under local anesthesia. If the pedicle is ligated at the root of the pedicle when it is ligated for a long time, do not make the residual pedicle too long, which may cause anaerobic infection.

2. Anal papilloma resection and suture

Adapt to larger anal papilloma, the effect is exact, the cure rate is more than 98%. For larger anal papilloma, simple ligation cannot be tightened due to the tough tissue of the papilloma, which may cause postoperative bleeding and recurrence. At this time, anal papilloma can be removed and sutured, and sutures can be given to the oversized incision to close the wound Can stop bleeding. The operation is simple and easy to carry out widely.

3. Anal papilloma electrocautery

The treatment is simple and the recent results are satisfactory. However, it is only suitable for patients with smaller tumors. For larger anal papilloma, this method can cause scar contracture and narrow the anus after surgery. And need to configure special equipment, no previous method is easy to implement.

4. Anal papilloma cryosurgery

Frozen method is mostly used for the treatment of hemorrhoids, and there are not many reports for the treatment of anal papilloma. It is more suitable when the tumor is small. The overall sensation of recurrence is higher, and freezing equipment is needed. There is no simple resection method, and no resection method is easy to use.

Treatment of vulvar papilloma: Local resection is the main treatment method, and the range is 0.5 to 1.0 cm outside the lesion. The resection must be sent for pathological examination.

Treatment of cervical papilloma: This kind of tumor may be malignant, so early detection should be paid attention to. Tumor resection is feasible for those diagnosed as benign by biopsy.