What Is a Pulmonary Neoplasm?

Refers to tumors that occur in the lung parenchyma and interstitial lung. According to its source, it is divided into primary and secondary (metastatic); according to its biological characteristics, it is divided into benign or malignant; according to its tissue morphology, it can be classified as epithelial tumor, soft tissue tumor and mesothelioma.

English name: lung tumor
Visiting department: Respiratory
Whether it is contagious: no

Disease site: Lungs
Can it be cured: Can be cured
Common causes: Smoking, occupational carcinogens, air pollution, etc.
Common symptoms: Fever, cough, hemoptysis, lung infections

Causes of lung tumors and common diseases

It is generally believed that the incidence of lung cancer (tumor) is related to the following factors: smoking, occupational carcinogens, air pollution, ionizing radiation. In addition, factors such as viral infection, mycotoxins (Aspergillus flavus), tuberculosis scars, low immune function, endocrine disorders, and family genetics may also play a comprehensive role in the development of lung tumors.

Differential diagnosis of lung tumors

Hamartoma of the lung

Located around the lungs, it is a benign tumor composed of fibrous tissue, fat, bronchial epithelium, and cartilage. Round, with a diameter of about 1cm, it has a capsule and often contains more cartilage tissue, so it is sometimes called chondroma.

Histiocytoma of the lung

Plasma cell granuloma, also known as plasma cell granuloma, has a diameter of about 2 to 5 cm and a maximum of 10 cm. It is located in the lung tissue and has tight adhesion to the lung parenchyma. Those on the surface of the lung can adhere to the chest wall or diaphragm. Histology seems to be chronic inflammation with a large number of plasma cells and tissue cells. Sometimes symptoms of lung infections such as fever, cough, and hemoptysis are diagnosed with pneumonia or atelectasis. This tumor occurs outside the lungs and has a tendency to worsen; it is benign in the lungs and can remove the mass and some surrounding tissues.

Lung tumor bronchial adenoma

The tumor grows slowly and is low-grade malignant. The surface is pink and easy to bleed. It protrudes into the bronchial lumen, and the base infiltrates and expands to the wall of the tube, so that the mass is mostly on the wall of the tube and cannot be removed from the bronchoscope. Adenomas cause recurrent cough, asthma, hemoptysis, and lung infections after blocking the bronchi.

Lung tumor sarcoma

There are many pulmonary sarcomas, including neurofibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Cough, fever, and hemoptysis are often caused by bronchial lumen obstruction or extra-luminal compression.

Lung tumor examination

(A) X-ray inspection:

X-ray examination can understand the location and size of lung tumors, and may see local emphysema, atelectasis, or invasive lesions near the lesion due to bronchial obstruction.

(B) bronchoscopy:

Bronchoscopy can directly observe the lesions of the bronchial intima and lumen. Tumor tissue can be taken for pathological examination, or bronchial secretions for cytological examination, in order to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of histology.

(3) Cytological examination:

Sputum cytology is a simple and effective method for lung cancer screening and diagnosis.

Lung cancer treatment principles

Lung tumor surgery

Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy has become one of the mature therapies for early-stage lung tumors. The short-term and long-term effects are comparable to traditional thoracotomy, but the former has a significant advantage in reducing trauma. Previous video-assisted thoracoscopy lobectomy was mainly used to treat lung tumors with a tumor diameter of 5 cm or less, because the tumor occupies a small area, it is easy to turn the lung tissue, and it has a small impact on the hilar and interlobular vasculature, and it is easy to operate. For lung tumors with a tumor diameter> 5 cm, the tumor occupies a significant space, it is difficult to turn the lung tissue, the surgical field under TV thoracoscopy is narrow, and the difficulty of removal and removal under the full microscope is significantly increased. In recent years, with the maturity and development of video-assisted thoracoscopy lung lobectomy, lung tumors with a diameter of more than 5 cm are no longer contraindicated, but the safety, thoroughness and effectiveness of surgery need to be considered during the treatment. Sex.

Lung tumor radiotherapy

Radiotherapy has the best effect on small cell lung cancer, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The radiation field of lung cancer should include the primary focus and the mediastinal area with lymph node metastasis. At the same time should be supplemented by medication. Squamous cell carcinoma has moderate sensitivity to radiation. The lesions are mainly local invasion and the metastasis is relatively slow. Therefore, radical treatment is often used. Adenocarcinoma has poor sensitivity to radiation and is prone to bloodstream metastasis, so radiation therapy is rarely used.

Lung tumor chemotherapy

Chemotherapy generally does not cure non-small cell lung cancer, it can only prolong patient survival and improve quality of life. Chemotherapy is divided into therapeutic chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy needs to choose different chemotherapy drugs and different chemotherapy schemes according to the different types of lung cancer histology. In addition to killing tumor cells, chemotherapy also damages normal human cells. Therefore, chemotherapy needs to be performed under the guidance of oncologists.