What Is an Acute Pneumonia?

Acute pneumonia is a common disease in children. Severe pneumonia is one of the main causes of death in infants and young children. In recent years, the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine has significantly reduced the mortality rate. Clinical classification is usually based on pathology, etiology, illness and course. Acute bronchopneumonia is more common in infants and young children.

Chinese name: Acute pneumonia

Foreign name: acute pneumonia
Course of disease: 1 month

Overview of Acute Pneumonia

Pneumonia with a course of less than 1 month is a common respiratory disease in childhood ^[1] .

Causes and common diseases of acute pneumonia

Due to the incomplete development of children's lung immune function, their ability to resist external infections is poor. It is caused by a variety of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, chlamydia, mycoplasma, or rickettsial pathogens, or they cause special diseases. Physiological structure: elastic fiber development

Acute pneumonia Poor. Capillary and lymphoid tissue spaces are slightly wider than adults, the number of alveoli is small, the mucous membrane is soft, and the interstitial development is strong. As a result, the lung contains more blood and less air, so it is prone to lung infection. Most of the early disease sites are located in the upper respiratory tract and bronchial infections, and those with severe lesions can develop infections in the lung segment and lobules.

Differential diagnosis of acute pneumonia

Its main pathogenic characteristics are acute onset, severe symptoms, and many complications, which can easily cause circulatory system failure and seriously threaten the physical health of children. May be accompanied by varying degrees of fever, cough, shortness of breath, mental irritability, smell of wetness and snoring in the lungs, X-ray film showing a sheet shadow, solid tissue changes in the lungs, and strong serum IgM antibodies.

Acute pneumonia examination

Routine blood test for acute pneumonia

Including total white blood cells and classification. If the total number of white blood cells exceeds 10 × 109 cells / L and the percentage of neutrophils exceeds 70%, it is suggested that the bacteria are caused by pneumonia. Elderly or young children may not increase significantly.

Acute pneumonia sputum culture

Use a low-pressure aspirator to connect the disposable sputum suction tube, and then suction the sputum specimen through a deep-nose trachea negative pressure, and place it in a disinfection test tube.

1. Bacterial culture:

Specimens were inoculated on chocolate plates and blood plates in a timely manner, placed in a 5% CQZ incubator, and cultured at 35 ° C for 48 hours. Biochemical identification of suspected pathogens was performed and API communication was applied.

2. Virus detection:

The sample solution was fully dispersed, centrifuged at low speed, and the cells were collected as cell smears. The respiratory virus monoclonal antibody bridging enzyme standard test (APAAP) kit was used to block 20imn with 0.2% bovine serum albumin. Three positive cells were positive.

3. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP)-DNA detection:

Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, the sample was dissolved in physiological saline, 15000 r / min, centrifuged for 15 minutes, the supernatant was discarded and the sample treatment solution was added, and the water bath at 100 ° C for 15 minutes. Add the DNA template, and finally enter the temperature-changing cycle. The result is that the amplicon is aspirated with 2% agarose gel containing ethyl acetate. Observe the result under the ultraviolet detector. If an orange-yellow band appears at 166bp (the same position as the positive control) The mP / CE-DNA may be positive, using known standards and suspected positive samples, and using hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EILSA) to identify.

Acute pneumonia blood and pleural effusion culture

Blood and pleural effusion cultures are the diagnostic methods for the etiology of pneumonia. The same bacteria were isolated from blood and sputum cultures and could be identified as the causative agent of pneumonia. Since blood or pleural effusion specimens are collected through the skin, skin bacterial contamination must be excluded during the procedure. A clear etiology diagnosis is helpful for clinical treatment, especially for hospital-acquired pneumonia.

X X-ray chest examination of acute pneumonia

Acute pneumonia An important test for pneumonia is helpful in the diagnosis of pneumonia. CT, MRI examination

For patients who cannot be confirmed by X-ray chest radiography, CT and MRI can be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Acute pneumonia treatment principles

In addition to bed rest, plenty of drinking water, oxygen, and active sputum, the most important part of pneumonia treatment is anti-infection. Treatment of bacterial pneumonia includes pathogen-specific and empirical treatment.

Suspected pneumonia immediately given the first dose of antibacterial drugs. After the condition is stable, the intravenous route can be changed to oral treatment. Antibiotic treatment for pneumonia is at least 5 days, and most patients require 7 to 10 days or longer. The body temperature is normal for 48 to 72 hours. Without any signs of clinical instability of pneumonia, antibacterials can be discontinued.

The choice of antibiotics should be based on the results of drug sensitivity tests for pneumonia pathogens, and antibiotics should not be blinded or abused. When penicillins, cephalosporins, and macrolides are treated, choose intravenous infusion. Pay attention to the drip rate controlled at 40 drops / min. It is not easy to be too fast, otherwise it may cause heart failure and circulatory system complications in children ^{[2 ]} ; Closely monitor the reaction after medication to avoid allergic reactions such as penicillin. When adverse reactions occur, report to the physician in time, stop drug infusion in time, and perform anti-allergic treatment.