What Is an Enlarged Neck?

The scientific name for big neck disease is goiter. Category I. Endemic Goiter Endemic goiter is an iodine deficiency disorder (IDD). The main cause of endemic goiter is iodine deficiency, so it is also called iodine deficiency goiter, which is more common in mountainous areas and areas far from the ocean. Second, sporadic goiter The cause of sporadic goiter is complicated. Exogenous factors include goiter-causing substances in food, thyroid-heeling-causing drugs, and excess iodine.

Big neck

Big neck prevention

Big neck medicine is called goiter, which is a thyroid disease. Li Dacai, an expert on the treatment of goiter, recommends that patients use the "triple thyroid rehabilitation project".

I. Prevention of endemic goiter: China is one of the countries with more severe iodine deficiency diseases. 1762 counties nationwide belong to iodine deficiency disease areas, and the threatened population reaches 425 million. Since 1979, national legislation has introduced salt iodization in iodine deficient areas, which has effectively controlled IDD. Since 1996, China has adopted universal salt iodization (USI) to prevent and treat iodine deficiency disorders. In 2001, the national standard for iodized salt in China was 35 ± 15 mg / kg. Salt supplementation should be implemented differently according to the natural iodine environment in the region, and the urine iodine level of residents should be monitored regularly. Iodine-free salt should be used in areas with sufficient iodine. Individuals with genetic background of thyroid disease or potential thyroid disease should not consume iodized salt. In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) proposed that the ideal chess intake should control MUl to 100 ~ 200 g / L and the prevalence of goiter to be less than 5%. , And put forward MUI> 300 g / L as iodine excess. Iodine excess can increase the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism.

Second, the treatment of goiter generally does not require treatment. Levothyroxine (L-T4) can be tried for those with obvious goiter, and surgery should be actively adopted for those with obvious goiter and compression symptoms.

Third, the treatment of multiple nodular goiter is difficult to treat this disease, especially for elderly patients. LT 4 can be given, but the effect is often not obvious. Serum TSH levels must be monitored during LT 4 therapy. Serum TSH levels cannot be used when serum TSH is reduced or at a lower limit; thyroid nuclide scans should not be used for patients with autonomous functional areas. L-T 4 treatment should not be used. For non-autonomous functional areas, serum TSH Those who increase or are at the normal upper limit should consider starting L-T 4 from a small dose to avoid inducing and exacerbating coronary heart disease.

Fourth, you can eat kelp.

Big neck (1 photo)

Big neck pathology

The main causes of this disease are:

(1) Iodine deficiency or excess in water and soil in endemic areas.

(2) Increased iodine requirements (growth, breastfeeding, cold, infection, poisoning, mood, etc.).

(3) Cause of goiter (cassava, radish, cabbage, thiouracil, thiocyanate, p-aminosalicylic

Sodium, Buta pine, Potassium perchlorate, Cobalt, Lithium salt).

(4) Drinking deep well water (sulfur-containing hydrocarbons, too much calcium and fluorine), the water source is polluted by bacteria.

(5) Familial congenital thyroid hormone synthase deficiency. Thyroid tissue has a strong ability to concentrate iodine,

The human thyroid requires 60--80 ug of iodine per day to produce physiologically active thyroid hormones. In the body

Between thyroid hormone secreted by the thyroid gland and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted by the pituitary

Due to the interdependent and mutually restrictive feedback relationship, when iodine deficiency occurs, thyroid cells cannot synthesize sufficient nails.

Thyroid hormone, blood thyroid hormone concentration decreases, thyroid hormone suppresses pituitary secretion (TSH)

The preparation is weakened, the secretion of pituitary TSH is increased, the level of TSH in blood is increased, and thyroid hypertrophy is caused.

(6) Excessive suffocation can also cause this disease.

Big Neck Diet Treatment

(1) Learn to relax and don't give yourself too much pressure and burden. Maybe it s because I do nt know how to cherish myself, so my body is prone to disease and protest.

(2) Women who have a pregnancy plan should first discuss with their physician to determine the timing and whether adjustments to treatment are needed.

(3) Eat less irritating foods, especially coffee and tea, to avoid palpitations and hand tremors.

(4) Reduce the intake of foods containing iodine, such as kelp, seaweed, and laver. Avoid using iodized salts or use non-iodized salts instead.

(5) Be careful with warming supplements and dietary remedies with high iodine content.

(6) Be careful with food, such as small cocks and old geese.

(7) Regularly check thyroid function

Big neck diet principle

1. Diet adjustment should be treated with thyroxine. If bone loss caused by the use of formazan, calcium-containing foods should be added, such as milk.

2. Limit calories to overweight patients.

3. Give high-fiber foods such as vegetables, fruits, bran, and plum juice to stimulate the peristalsis of the intestine.

4. Drink more water to relieve constipation.

5. If hypothyroidism is caused by iodine deficiency, use about one teaspoon of iodized salt daily.

6. Avoid foods high in thyroxine, such as: cabbage, radish, cauliflower, soy beans, green beans, onions, garlic, bamboo shoots, sweet potatoes, etc. must be completely cooked before eating.

Big neck major types

Big neck endemic goiter

Endemic goiter is an iodine deficiency disorder (IDD). The main cause of endemic goiter is iodine deficiency, so it is also called iodine deficiency goiter, which is more common in mountainous areas and areas far from the ocean. Iodine is one of the important raw materials for thyroid hormone synthesis by the thyroid gland. When iodine deficiency is lacking, the synthesis of thyroid hormone is insufficient, which causes the pituitary to secrete excess TSH, which stimulates thyroid hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Areas of hyperplasia or atrophy of the thyroid gland under long-term TSH stimulation, bleeding, fibrosis, and calcification may also have increased autonomic function. Long-term non-toxic goiters can develop into toxic goiters.

The WHO recommends a daily iodine intake of 150 g for adults. Urinary iodine is a recognized indicator for monitoring iodine nutrition levels, and the median urinary iodine (MUI) of 100 to 200 g / L is the most appropriate iodine nutritional status. The urine iodine value of school-age children generally reflects the iodine nutrition status of the region: MUI <100 ~ 80 g / L is mild iodine deficiency, MUI <80 ~ 50 g / L is moderate iodine deficiency, MUI <50 g / L is a severe iodine deficiency. The prevalence of goiter and thyroid volume increase with the severity of iodine deficiency. After iodine supplementation, the prevalence of goiter decreases significantly. Some people in areas with mild iodine deficiency may develop goiter when the body needs more iodine, such as during pregnancy, lactation, and adolescence.

Large neck sporadic goiter

The causes of sporadic goiter are complex. Exogenous factors include goiter-causing substances in food, thyroid-heeling-causing drugs, and excess iodine. A new point of view is to explain the disease using thyroid growth immunoglobulins (thyroid growth immunoglobulins, TGI): TGI can only stimulate the growth of thyroid cells, not the activity of adenylate cyclase in thyroid cells, so only goiter No hyperthyroidism. Endogenous factors also include congenital disorders of thyroid hormone synthesis in children. These disorders include iodine transport disorders in the thyroid gland, lack of peroxidase activity, iodinated tyrosine coupling disorders, abnormal thyroglobulin formation, thyroglobulin hydrolysis Disorders, lack of deiodinase, etc., the above-mentioned disorders cause goiter, and some patients develop hypothyroidism (dementia). Congenital hypothyroidism with neurological deafness is called Pendred syndrome.