What Is an Exanthema?

A rash is a skin lesion. There are various manifestations from simple skin color changes to skin surface bulges or blisters. The rash is characterized by large and small patches of red, sometimes itchy, and sometimes not itchy. There are many types and causes of the disease, which need to be diagnosed according to different situations.

Types of rashes

Skin rash

Only local skin color changes, neither elevated skin nor sunken skin damage, found in typhus, erysipelas, rheumatic polymorphic erythema, etc .: redness due to vasodilatation (scarlet fever, measles, measles, etc.) , Purple spots with subcutaneous bleeding, and so on. Purple spots are divided into small spotted bleeding or stasis with a diameter of less than 5 mm and stasis spots or purpura with a diameter of more than 5 mm. These rashes often change from red or purple to brown and yellow, and eventually disappear. From rash to disappear, some take two weeks, and some take 2-3 days.

Those with an increase in skin pigmentation that change the skin are called pigmented spots. In contrast to pigmented spots, those who have blanched skin are called white spots, which is represented by vitiligo (white spots of common).

Rash pimples

Papules are small skin lesions with substantial skin bulge accompanied by color changes. They are found in drug rashes, measles, scarlet fever, and eczema.

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Rash roseola

Roseolas (roseolas) often appear in the chest and abdomen with a bright red, small (mostly 2 ~ 3mm in diameter), round spotted rash, which fades. This is a characteristic rash that has important diagnostic value for typhoid and typhoid.

Rash maculopapular rash

Macular papules (maculopapulae) appear on the chassis of macula as maculopapular rash, seen in scarlet fever, rubella, and drug rash.

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Rash urticaria

Urticaria, also known as wind mass, is a temporary edematous bulge of the local skin, ranging in size and shape, with a pale or reddish color, leaving no trace after retreating. It is caused by a rapid skin allergy. Found in allergic protein foods, drugs or other substances, insect bites and so on.

Significance of rash

The rash is important for the diagnosis of acute infectious diseases as a skin change. According to the appearance and shape of the rash, sometimes the disease can be diagnosed, and it can also be the basis for taking corresponding treatment measures. Traditional Chinese medicine recommends Weifu cream treatment. Because there are many rashes caused by taking medicine and using cosmetics, attention should be paid to identification.

Causes and characteristics of rash

Rash acute eruptive infectious disease

Acute eruptive infectious diseases include scarlet fever, rubella, chicken pox, measles, dengue fever typhus,

rash Ascariasis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, erysipelas, hare fever, equinox, etc. It is characterized by rashes often accompanied by different forms of fever. Due to the different types of diseases, these diseases have their own characteristics. For example, the scarlet fever rash usually appears on the upper part of the chest and the bottom of the neck on the first 2 days after onset, and then spreads rapidly throughout the body. The face is red and the lips are pale. There is desquamation. Accompanied by leukocytosis and typical poplar-like tongue; measles rash often occurs on the 3rd to 4th days after the disease, and the rash begins on the face, behind the ears, at the hairline, and spreads throughout the body, showing rash or maculopapular rash, In the later stage, there were desquamation and hyperpigmentation, accompanied by leukopenia, symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections and measles mucosa in the mouth; rubella erupted on the first 1 to 2 days after the illness, and the rash quickly appeared and subsided rapidly, showing scattered small spot papules. It spreads down from the face, without desquamation and pigmentation. Generally, the course is short and the symptoms are mild. The rash of chickenpox often appears in batches within hours or 1 to 2 days after the onset, starting with erythema, followed by macular rash and pimples again. , And then turned into water scars. In addition, typhus, typhoid fever, tsutsugamushi, paratyphoid, and hare fever are also infectious diseases with fever and fever, but the incidence is low, and its typical fever type and medical history can assist diagnosis.

Rash connective tissue disease

Mainly seen in acute disseminated lupus erythematosus. The typical skin damage is butterfly erythema on the bridge of the nose or cheeks. Other skin damage such as exudative polymorphic erythema, pimples, purpura, urticaria, etc., accompanied by fever, rash, splenomegaly, joint pain, etc Symptoms: Laboratory tests can find accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation, decreased serum protein, and positive antinuclear antibody tests. The discovery of lupus cells is decisive for the diagnosis of the disease.

Rash Allergies and Allergies

Such as rheumatic fever in 1/3 of patients can appear various rashes. The most common are circular erythema and subcutaneous nodules.

rash The disease is often accompanied by fever, sweating, joint pain and accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation. Drug fever is usually accompanied by drug eruption, but it is mostly symmetrical and polymorphic, often accompanied by itching and burning. The common types of rashes are scarlet fever-like erythema, urticaria, measles-like erythema, fixed erythema, etc. Before their onset, they had a history of taking antibiotics, salicylic acid preparations, and lumina. Urticaria is also caused by allergies. It can be caused by cold irritation and other allergens. Its characteristics are similar to temporary edema skin bulge, the top surface is flat, and it is often accompanied by itching and burning sensations. It usually occurs suddenly, after tens of minutes or It disappeared quickly within a few hours.

Rash hematopathy

Acute rash can also be seen in some blood disorders. Fever is often associated with acute leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and malignant reticulopathy. A bone marrow examination can help with the diagnosis.

Rash management

1. Don't scratch it.

rash Especially in areas with blisters and pimples, if there is a little damage, there is a danger of infection. Patients often grab it unconsciously at night, so cut their nails short, and children should wear gloves to sleep.

2. In terms of clothing, especially shirts and undergarments, don't be irritating. Generally, clothes made of soft cotton are the best. Do not wear synthetic fibers or wool.

3 Do not eat foods that are irritating and greasy.

4 Stools should be unobstructed. Laxatives or enemas can be taken when constipated.

5. Keep skin and mucous membranes clean.

6. Careful observation of systemic symptoms and the type of rash.

7. Try to avoid long-term or short-term high-dose corticosteroids.

Rash daily precautions

1. Trace the cause as far as possible, isolate allergens, and avoid re-stimulation. Remove lesions and treat chronic systemic diseases such as indigestion, intestinal parasitic disease, diabetes, mental and neurological abnormalities, calf varicose veins, etc.

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2. Pay attention to skin hygiene. Do not use hot water or soap to wash skin lesions. Do not use irritating antipruritic drugs.

3 Fast food, spicy and irritating food, avoid foods such as fish and shrimp that are easy to sensitize and not digest, pay attention to observe the relationship between diet and disease.

4 Combining work and rest to avoid excessive fatigue and mental stress.