What Is Blister Fluid?

Foaming agent ^[1] refers to a type of surfactant that can reduce the surface tension of water to form a foam, so that air bubbles in aerated flotation pulp can adhere to selectively floating mineral particles. The molecular structure of the foaming agent is similar to that of the collector. Most of them are heteropolar molecular surface active substances composed of polar groups and non-polar groups. One end of the molecule is a polar group and the other end is a non-polar group. Collectors are polar-based solids (minerals) and non-polar groups are air-friendly. The polar group of the foaming agent is hydrophilic and the non-polar group is air-friendly. It is oriented at the water-air interface to reduce the surface tension of water, so it has foaming effect. Among them, there are non-ionic and ionic compounds. Non-ionic indicates that the type, function and effect of active foaming agents are dominant. Non-ionic foaming agents generally do not have collection properties, while ionic foaming agents often have both collection properties.

Foaming agent refers to a type of surfactant that can reduce the surface tension of water to form foam, so that air bubbles in aerated flotation pulp can adhere to selectively floating mineral particles.

The molecular structure of the foaming agent is similar to that of the collector. Most of them are heteropolar molecular surface active substances composed of polar groups and non-polar groups.
One end of the molecule is a polar group and the other end is a non-polar group. Collectors are polar-based solids (minerals) and non-polar groups are air-friendly.

The polar group of the foaming agent is hydrophilic and the non-polar group is air-friendly. It is oriented at the water-air interface to reduce the surface tension of water, so it has foaming effect. Among them, there are non-ionic and ionic compounds. Non-ionic indicates that the type, function and effect of active foaming agents are dominant. Non-ionic foaming agents are generally non-collective, while ionic foaming agents are often both-collective ^[2]

1. Prevent bubbles from merging, so that the bubbles dispersed in the pulp have a smaller diameter and a certain life ^[1]

According to the characteristics of the foaming agent structure and functional groups, foaming agents are usually divided into non-ionic and ionic. Non-ionic foaming agents include alcohols, ether alcohols, ethers, and esters; ionic foaming agents are divided into carboxylic acids and their salts, alkylsulfonic acids and salts, phenols, and pyridines ^[1]

(1) The molecular structure of the foaming agent is often a heteropolar organic substance, with one end being a polar group and the other end being a non-polar group; the polar group is hydrophilic, and the non-polar group is aerobic. Agent molecules produce directional alignment at the air-water interface ^[1]

* Product performance:

W-101 foaming agent is a variety of

Drainage process for oil production (gas recovery) wells. This process is also known as the oil well (gas well) induced spray (drainage) process technology. Put the foaming agent pump truck or plunger proportional pump directly into the oil and gas well from the tree blowout preventer ^[4]

Product packaging can be customized according to user requirements. In general, there are two kinds of packaging: 50KG and 200KG. Avoid packing damage and leakage during transportation.

The product should be stored in a ventilated, cool and dry place. Under the storage and transportation conditions specified in this standard, the shelf life is one year.

Application of foaming agent in foam drilling

This product can be formulated into foam drilling fluid. Most drilling uses mud, which carries and suspends cuttings, stabilizes the wall, cools and flushes the bit, and removes debris from the bottom of the well. However, for water scarce areas and low- and medium-pressure oil and gas reservoirs, if conventional water-based mud drilling is used, serious oil layer damage will be caused. Many wells have Shan gas indications during the drilling process. Logging interpretation is also an oil layer, while well testing has a very low production rate, and it is not even dripping. The use of hydrochloric acid as a low-density and low-pressure drilling fluid, the viscosity of the small and tight structure of the foam, makes it have good carrying capacity, is conducive to the discovery of oil layers and protection of oil layers, and can effectively prevent leakage, but also significantly The drilling speed can be improved by up to 4-5 times in some cases ^[3] .

Application of foaming agent in acid fracturing process

The product can be formulated with foamed acid. Fracturing acidification is a process of squeezing acid in a formation under pressure sufficient to compress the formation to form a fracture or expand the original fracture. The process is mainly performed in carbonate rocks. It is an important method to transform low-permeability oil and gas layers in a large area. Foam used in oil and gas wells to increase production has low filtration loss rate, appropriate viscosity, and strong suspension force. The less dosage has the advantages of less damage to the formation and good reverse drainage. Foaming acid is a kind of liquid-in-gas emulsification produced by a foaming agent. It is a dispersion system in which gas is dispersed in an acid solution. Foam acid requires the selection of a suitable foaming agent and foam stabilizer, which can improve surface dryness and increase foam stability. Compared with conventional hydrochloric acid acidification, foam acid has a lower fluid loss and a higher sand carrying capacity, and can be used in water-sensitive formations. High-viscosity foams are also good media for carrying proppants. Foam acid has gas-lifting liquid discharge, and it returns quickly. After the foam acid is constructed, the wellhead pressure is low, which can prompt the gas to expand rapidly and carry the residual liquid and sand particles back to the discharge. Foam acidification fracturing has a large ability to generate fractures, good fracture conductivity, large acidification radius, and is suitable for thick carbonate oil reservoirs, as well as old wells and water-sensitive formations that are repeatedly acidified.

Application of foaming agent in foam drainage process

In the development of aquatic gas fields, with the production of natural gas, formation water and condensate continue to enter the wellbore with natural gas. If the gas has sufficient energy, it can bring the liquid entering the parallel barrel to the surface without producing it at the bottom of the well. Effusion. In the middle and late stages of natural gas extraction, due to insufficient gas volume or more fluids in the producing zone, gas cannot bring water and condensate to the surface completely, and effusion will occur at the bottom of the well and wellbore. If it is not discharged in time, back pressure will occur. At the same time, the permeability of the production layer near the well wall is deteriorated, resulting in a sharp decline in natural gas production, and some even stopped production by water cover. In order to extend the life of the gas field and improve the natural gas recovery rate, foam drainage is a good method that has been implemented. Hydrochloric acid drainage is to periodically inject a certain amount of foaming agent into the gas well. The internal effusion and foaming agent generate a large amount of foam under the stirring of natural gas. Due to the reduced density, it is easy to be brought to the ground by natural gas flow and defoaming drainage.

Application of foaming agent in foam well washing process

Foam flushing and washing wells Foam flushing and washing wells is a new technology developed in recent years, which mainly solves the problems of "clear water backfill" for low pressure and severely leaked wells, contaminated reservoirs, and abnormal operations. After long-term exploitation of oil wells, the formation pressure decreases, and sand formation in the oil layer is unavoidable. Mechanical impurities on the surface are not allowed to be brought into the well during operation, which will cause blockage of production zones to varying degrees and reduce oil well production. In the past, operations such as sand rinsing with fresh water, well washing, and jetting were used, because the pressure of the oil layer was lower than the pressure of the static water column, which easily caused a large amount of liquid to leak into the formation, and sometimes even the liquid pumped back into the oil well, making construction impossible and causing oil layer pollution. The use of foam fluid as the operating fluid for sand flushing, well washing, and replacement jetting of low-pressure leaking oil wells has the following advantages: The downhole foam density can be controlled by adjusting the gas-liquid ratio of pumped oil wells or wellhead back pressure to achieve negative pressure operation , To prevent leakage; can clear the blocked throat and perforation holes, promote the circulation of the production layer, has the effect of unblocking; because of the viscosity of the foam, has a good ability to carry solid particles, can greatly improve the wellbore purification Effect.

Foaming agent foam cement cementing hydrochloric acid

The so-called hydrochloric acid cement is to stick in or produce a certain amount in the cement slurry and distribute it uniformly in the cement slurry, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the density of the cement slurry. There are generally two methods for the preparation of foamed cement slurry: one is the mechanical method, that is, adding a certain amount of foaming agent and foam stabilizer to the cement to mechanically mix the gas to form a stable foamed cement; the second is the chemical method. A certain amount of foaming agent is mixed into the dry cement. When the cement and water are mixed and stirred, the foaming agent reacts with certain chemical components in the cement to generate gas to form foam cement. Foam cement cementing is a new cementing process that uses the method of reducing the density of cement slurry to reduce the liquid column pressure difference during cementing, thereby solving the problem of easy leaking and cementing. It has some characteristics not found in conventional cementing, low cement slurry density, low cement stone strength, low permeability, anti-gas channeling, and tight cementation with casing and well wall.

Application of foaming agent in flotation process

The foaming agent should be an organic substance of different polarity. The polar group is hydrophilic and the non-polar group is gaseous, so that the foaming agent molecules are oriented at the air-water interface. Most of the foaming agents are surface-active substances. , Can strongly reduce the surface tension of water. The surface activity of organic surfactants in the same series increases according to the "one-third" rule, which is the so-called "Special Fangbei Rule". The foaming agent should have appropriate solubility. The solubility of the foaming agent has a great impact on the foaming performance and the characteristics of bubble formation. If the solubility is high, the drug consumption is large, or a large amount of foam occurs quickly, but it is not durable. When the solubility is too low, the ice has too little time to dissolve. With the loss of foam, or slow foaming speed, the duration of the principal, it is difficult to control ^[5] .

In addition, there are a series of technologies such as hydrochloric acid mixed removal and plugging technology.