What Is Blunt Force Trauma?

Blunt impact injury, that is, non-penetrating injury to body organs and tissues caused by blunt objects. The injury refers to the initial type of trauma, which will further develop into bruises, abrasions, cuts and fractures. The main injury substances include stones, softball, baseball and so on. The parts of the body that cause injury include the skull, eyes, and abdomen. The degree of damage is mainly determined by the energy of the blunt object, which is determined by the mass (m) and velocity (v) of the impact object:. When a blunt object strikes the organs and tissues of the human body, in addition to the contact force, there is also an inertial force caused by acceleration. The injury on the injured side is usually referred to as impact injury; the opposite side is called impact injury, see Figure 1.

Blunt impact injury, that is, non-penetrating injury to body organs and tissues caused by blunt objects. The injury refers to the initial type of trauma, which will further develop into bruises, abrasions, cuts and fractures. The main injury substances include stones, softball, baseball and so on. The parts of the body that cause injury include the skull, eyes, and abdomen. The degree of damage is mainly determined by the energy of the blunt object, which is determined by the mass (m) and velocity (v) of the impact object:. When a blunt object strikes the organs and tissues of the human body, in addition to the contact force, there is also an inertial force caused by acceleration. The injury on the injured side is usually referred to as impact injury; the opposite side is called impact injury, see Figure 1.

Blunt head injury blunt head injury

Blunting head injury refers to craniocerebral injury caused by a collision caused by a blunt object. Craniocerebral blunt impact injuries account for a considerable proportion in aviation, transportation, and production-related accidents. Scholars mostly use biomechanical research methods to study the blunt impact injuries on the theoretical mechanism.

In recent years, the biomechanical mechanism of head impact resistance of woodpeckers has been studied in depth. The woodpecker tens of thousands of woodpeckers per day and the woodpecking acceleration exceeds 1000g. Such high-frequency and high-acceleration impact behavior does not cause impact brain damage. This interesting phenomenon and mechanism has become a hot research topic. The researchers studied the impact resistance mechanism of the Great Spotted Woodpecker's head by means of anatomical structure, kinematics / dynamics, material analysis and finite element simulation. Injury caused by excessive extension of the head; it was found that the uneven structure of the upper and lower beaks effectively buffered the impact load and reduced the transmission of the impact load to the brain.

Blunt impact injury Blunt eye injury

The eye is an important sensory organ of the human body and the main way for humans to obtain outside information. The eye structure is complex and the tissue is fragile. Even minor injuries often result in severe visual impairment or even blindness due to improper handling. Blind impact of eye trauma is more common in young people (18-45 years old). This is because people of this age group often engage in or participate in highly confrontational (boxing, tennis, diving, etc.) sports and Recreational activities (bungee jumping and paintball shooting, etc.) are related.

Relevant scholars have used dynamic impact experiments to study the possible eye damage by studying various blunt objects impacting the eyeball at different speeds and energies. In recent years, the use of finite element methods to study eye trauma has gradually become a hot spot. The application of the whole eyeball model in the analysis of ocular trauma began in the late 1990s. Based on the full-eye finite element method, domestic scholars used the classic model of ocular traumathe BB projectileto impact the eyeball forward to simulate the process of retina adhesion to detachment under dynamic load. It was found that the process of leaving the eyeball after the impact of the blunt object would cause high negative pressure in the eye, and act on the retina through the vitreous body, causing a strong pull on the retina, causing permanent detachment of the retina.

Blunt impact injury Further reading:

[1] Cheng Zilong. Research progress of human shock biomechanics. Proceedings of the 4th National Human-Machine-Environmental System Engineering Conference, 1999: 10

[2] Liu Bingkun. Advances in impact damage biomechanics. Aerospace Medicine and Medical Engineering. 1999, 12 (1): 62-65.

[3] Kuhn F., Piermici DJ Eye TraumaTheory and Practice [M]. Zhang Dainian. Beijing: People's Military Medical Press, 2010.

[4] Wang Lizhen. Biomechanical study of woodpecker head impact resistance. PhD dissertation of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011.

[5] Liu Xiaoyu. Biomechanical research on eye injury. PhD dissertation of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014.

[6] Lizhen Wang, Jason Tak-Man Cheung, Fang Pu, Deyu Li, Ming Zhang M, Yubo Fan. Why do Woodpeckers Resist Head Impact Injury: A Biomechanical Investigation. Plos One. 6 (10), e26490. 2011.

[7] Xiaoyu Liu, Lizhen Wang, Chao Wang, Ganyun Sun, Songyang Liu, Yubo Fan. Mechanism of traumatic retinal detachment in blunt impact: a finite element study [J]. Journal of Biomechanics 2013, 46: 13211327.