What Is Embolization?

Embolism, also known as embolotherapy, is the controlled injection of a plug into a supply vessel of a diseased organ through an artery or an intravenous catheter, causing it to occlude and interrupt the blood supply in order to control bleeding, treat tumors and blood vessels Sexual disease and the purpose of eliminating the function of diseased organs. Embolization is an important technique in interventional therapy and one of the three major techniques of interventional radiology, and it has become a major part of daily work. Embolization has been researched and clinically applied in China for nearly 30 years, and some aspects are slightly mature. The foreign countries started earlier than China, but in general, it is still in the process of continuous development and improvement.

Embolization

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Embolism, also known as embolotherapy, is the controlled injection of a plug into a supply vessel of a diseased organ through an artery or an intravenous catheter, causing it to occlude and interrupt the blood supply in order to control bleeding, treat tumors and blood vessels Sexual disease and the purpose of eliminating the function of diseased organs. Embolization is an important technique in interventional therapy and one of the three major techniques of interventional radiology, and it has become a major part of daily work. Embolization has been researched and clinically applied in China for nearly 30 years, and some aspects are slightly mature. The foreign countries started earlier than China, but in general, it is still in the process of continuous development and improvement.

Chinese name

Embolization

Foreign name

(embolotherapy

Species

Self-materials and radioactive particles

Purpose

To control bleeding and treat tumors

Meaning

Medical Research

Embolus

There are many types of emboli. According to the nature, it can be divided into substances that have no active effect on the body, autologous substances and radioactive particles. There are three types of short-term, medium-term and long-term according to the length of occlusion of blood vessels. Divided into absorbable and non-absorbable according to whether it can be absorbed in the body

(1) Autologous blood clot

Is the only short-term emboli, the occlusion time of blood vessels is generally 24-48 hours. Due to fibrinolysis in the body, thrombus begins to dissolve in several hours after clogging blood vessels. The advantage of a blood clot is that it is easy to obtain materials, has no antigenicity, does not require disinfection, and is easy to inject through a catheter. It is mostly used to control small arterial bleeding, such as gastrointestinal arterial bleeding. In order to extend the recanalization time, leucine can be added to the blood clot.

(2) Gelfoam

Department of surgery hemostatic agent, injected into the blood vessel causing secondary thrombosis. Occlusion time from weeks to months. Gelatin sponges are sterilizable, non-antigenic, and can be made into particles or strips of different sizes as required. They are readily available and inexpensive. They are widely used in embolization of small and medium blood vessels, such as embolizing tumors, vascular diseases and controlling bleeding. Oxidized cellulose acts like a gelatin sponge.

(Three) polyvinyl alcohol

The trade name is ivalon, which is a synthetic material that has a long occlusion time and is not absorbed. Dry ivalon swells after absorbing moisture. This feature can be used to occlude larger blood vessels; for example, to block open arterial catheters. Commercially available ivalon are mostly particles of a certain size. Ivalon has a large friction coefficient, and delivery is not as smooth as gelatin sponge.

(4) Isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate

(Isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate, IBCA) is a tissue adhesive. It is a liquid, which can quickly polymerize and solidify when it encounters ionic substances such as blood and ionic contrast agents, which can occlude blood vessels for a long time. Commonly used for arteriovenous malformations, esophageal varices bleeding and so on. After adding an appropriate amount of iodine oil and iodophenyl ester, the polymerization time is delayed and the X-ray is impervious. The similar preparation is n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), which has a longer polymerization time and is conducive to technical operations. Recently, it has gradually replaced IBCA for clinical use.

(5) Coil

Also known as stainless steel coils and spring coils, they are mechanical emboli that can be used for large, medium and small arteries, permanently occlude blood vessels, and have no active effect on the body.