What Is Psychomotor Retardation?

Its etiology and inheritance are unknown.

Psychomotor Developmental Disorders in Children

Rett syndrome is a disease that seriously affects children's psychomotor development, with an incidence rate of 1 / 10000-1 / 15000 girls. The clinical features are girl onset, progressive mental decline, autistic behavior, hand disability, stereotyped movements, and ataxia.

Affected area

whole body

Related diseases

Childhood autism childhood emotional disorder childhood mental disorder and mental retardation

Related symptoms

Children with psychomotor developmental disorders, children withdrawing behavior, children with retarded behavior, children withdrawn, ataxia, autism, breathing disorders, scoliosis, convulsions, mental disorders, behavior disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, insomnia, optic nerve atrophy, head reduction

Affiliated Department

Pediatric Pediatrics

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Its etiology and inheritance are unknown.

(1) Nine required standards:

1.Before birth and perinatal period are normal;

2, 6 months after birth (can reach 18 months) psychomotor development is normal;

3.The head circumference is normal at birth;

Slow growth of head circumference from 4, 5 months to 4 years;

5, 6 months to 2 and a half years old have lost the purposeful hand skills they have acquired, and their social communication ability has decreased;

6, language expression and comprehension are seriously impaired, and severe mental retardation occurs;

7. Stereotypes of hands, such as writing, washing, clapping, clapping, biting hands, twisting hands, rubbing hands, etc., appear after the movement of purposeful hands disappears;

8, 1-4 years of age with ataxia and physical discomfort;

9, can not make a tentative diagnosis until the age of 2-5 years.

(Two) eight supporting standards

1. Abnormal breathing: intermittent apnea, intermittent hyperventilation, holding your breath, staring, and forced spitting of saliva and air while awake;

2. EEG abnormalities: slow wave background or paroxysmal slow rhythm; epileptiform discharge, optional seizures;

3. Contracture: related to the disuse of muscles and insufficiency of muscle tone;

4.Convulsions;

5, abnormal peripheral blood vessel movement;

Scoliosis;

7.Growth retardation;

8. Atrophic small feet.

(Three) seven exclusion criteria

1.Intrauterine growth retardation;

2.Signs of enlarged internal organs or other accumulated diseases;

3.Retinopathy or optic nerve atrophy;

4.Little head at birth;

5.Evidence of acquired brain injury during perinatal period;

6.There is a certain metabolic disease or other progressive neuropathy;

7. Neuropathy due to severe infection or head trauma.

Clinical stages of Rett syndrome:

The clinical manifestations of Rett syndrome are staged and age-related, and are divided into four stages:

Stage I: It lasts for several months from the onset of 6-18 months. It is characterized by developmental stagnation, stunted head growth, no interest in play and surrounding environment, and low muscle tone.

Stage II: From 1-3 years old, lasts for weeks to months. It is characterized by rapid regression and irritation, apraxia and stereotyped hand movements, convulsions, autism, language loss, insomnia, and self-abuse.

Stage III: From 2 to 10 years of age, lasting for several months to several years, showing severe mental regression or obvious mental retardation, and autism performance improves. Convulsions, typical hand stereotypes, significant ataxia, physical apraxia, increased reflexes, stiff limbs, apnea on wakefulness, good appetite but weight loss, early scoliosis, teething.

Stage IV: over 10 years old, lasting for several years, showing signs of involvement of upper and lower motor neurons, progressive scoliosis, muscle disuse, stiffness of the body, atrophy of the feet, loss of the ability to walk independently, growth retardation, inability Understanding and using language, eye-to-eye communication resumed and frequency of convulsions decreased.

Child withdrawal (socialwithdrawalinchildhood): Strictly speaking, it is not a mental illness. But that is a manifestation of bad psychology (especially bad personality) and hinders children's interpersonal communication. It can therefore be classified as a psychological disorder.

Children with slow movements: If the child is too quiet or slow, it may be a manifestation of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. The so-called obsessive-compulsive disorder in children is a mental disorder that manifests in young children and mainly manifests compulsive ideas and compulsive movements.

Children's behavior is lonely: Children are lonely, afraid of seeing people, and always unhappy. They are indifferent to everything or lose their temper, do not concentrate on things, and have poor persistence. For such a situation, many parents think that it is the character of the child and do not care much. In fact, these children have high-rise autism, which is a new kind of mental illness in children.

Disorders of conduct are characterized by repeated and persistent antisocial, offensive or antagonistic conduct. When developed to the extreme, this behavior can seriously violate the social norms of the corresponding age, and is more serious than children's ordinary mischief or adolescent rebellious behavior.

(1) Nine required standards:

1.Before birth and perinatal period are normal;

2, 6 months after birth (can reach 18 months) psychomotor development is normal;

3.The head circumference is normal at birth;

Slow growth of head circumference from 4, 5 months to 4 years;

5, 6 months to 2 and a half years old have lost the purposeful hand skills they have acquired, and their social communication ability has decreased;

6, language expression and comprehension are seriously impaired, and severe mental retardation occurs;

7. Stereotypes of hands, such as writing, washing, clapping, clapping, biting, twisting, rubbing hands, etc., appear after the movement of the purposeful hand disappears;

8, 1-4 years of age with ataxia and physical discomfort;

9, can not make a tentative diagnosis until the age of 2-5 years.

(Two) eight supporting standards

1. Abnormal breathing: intermittent apnea, intermittent hyperventilation, holding your breath, staring, and forced spitting of saliva and air when you are awake;

2. EEG abnormalities: slow wave background or paroxysmal slow rhythm; epileptiform discharge, optional seizures;

3. Contracture: related to the disuse of muscles and insufficiency of muscle tone;

4.Convulsions;

5, abnormal peripheral blood vessel movement;

Scoliosis;

7.Growth retardation;

8. Atrophic small feet.

(Three) seven exclusion criteria

1.Intrauterine growth retardation;

2.Signs of enlarged internal organs or other accumulated diseases;

3.Retinopathy or optic nerve atrophy;

4.Little head at birth;

5.Evidence of acquired brain injury during perinatal period;

6.There is a certain metabolic disease or other progressive neuropathy;

7. Neuropathy due to severe infection or head trauma.

Clinical stages of Rett syndrome:

The clinical manifestations of Rett syndrome are staged and age-related, and are divided into four stages:

Stage I: It lasts for several months from the onset of 6-18 months. It is characterized by developmental stagnation, stunted head growth, no interest in play and the surrounding environment, and low muscle tone.

Stage II: From 1-3 years old, lasts for weeks to months. It is characterized by rapid regression and irritation, apraxia and stereotyped hand movements, convulsions, autism, language loss, insomnia, and self-abuse.

Stage III: From 2 to 10 years of age, lasting for several months to several years, showing severe mental regression or obvious mental retardation, and autism performance improves. Convulsions, typical hand stereotypes, significant ataxia, physical apraxia, increased reflexes, stiff limbs, apnea on wakefulness, good appetite but weight loss, early scoliosis, teething.

Stage IV: over 10 years old, lasting for several years, showing signs of involvement of upper and lower motor neurons, progressive scoliosis, muscle disuse, stiffness of the body, atrophy of the feet, loss of the ability to walk independently, growth retardation, inability Understanding and using language, eye-to-eye communication resumed and frequency of convulsions decreased.

Because the etiology and pathogenesis of Rett syndrome is not clear, there is no specific treatment. Mainly rely on intensive care and symptomatic treatment.

1.Physiotherapy: enhance exercise ability, slow down joint and muscle deformation, contracture, and balance;

2. Listening to music and playing with children can enhance their attention and communication skills;

3. Surgical treatment: Surgical treatment of the curved spine to restore the body's balance and prevent the continued deformation of the spine;

4, anti-convulsions: children with seizures, treated with anti-epileptic drugs;

5. Others: Large doses of VitB6 and magnesium have better effects on children with autism. Bromocriptine and naloxone improve the clinical symptoms of some children.