What Is Rosacea?

Rosacea, also known as rosacea, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that occurs mainly in the erythema and telangiectasias in the center of the face. More common in middle-aged people aged 30 to 50, more common in women.

Basic Information

Also known as

Rose acne

English name

rosacea

English alias

acnerosacea

Visiting department

dermatology

Multiple groups

30 to 50 year old women

Common locations

Facial center, nose tip, wings

Common symptoms

Erythema, dilated capillaries, papillary follicles, pustules

Contagious

no

Causes of rosacea

The cause is not very clear. It may be caused by sebum overflow, due to various harmful factors inside and outside the body, causing dysfunction of the vasomotor contraction and nerve dysfunction in the affected area and long-term expansion of capillaries. Folliculosis and local repeated infections are important factors. Alcoholism, smoking, irritating diet, dysfunction of digestive tract, endocrine dysfunction (especially menopause), mental factors, focal infections, hot and cold factors that act on the skin for a long time, such as high temperature work, sun exposure, cold, wind, etc. Can induce and exacerbate the disease.

Clinical manifestations of rosacea

The disease occurs in the middle of the face, mainly with the tip of the nose and wings, followed by the cheeks, palate, and forehead, which are often symmetrically distributed. It is more common in middle-aged people, women, and patients with seborrhea. The face is like grease. Skin lesions are erythema, telangiectasias, and pimples and pustules with inflammation. The course of the disease is slow and can be divided into three stages without obvious boundaries. Divided into 3 stages: erythema stage, pimples stage, hypertrophy stage.

1. Erythema and telangiectasia

Erythema appears symmetrically in the middle of the face, especially in the nose, cheeks, between the eyebrows, and the crotch. The erythema is temporary. Initially, when eating spicy food or hot drinks, elevated ambient temperature, emotional flushing, facial flushing, and conscious burning. After repeated attacks, superficial dendritic telangiectasias appear on the nasal wing, nose tip, and cheeks, and there is local persistent redness, often accompanied by enlarged nasal hair follicle pores and seborrhea.

2. Pimples

On the basis of erythema and capillary dilatation, acne-like hair follicle-like pimples and pustules repeatedly appear. When the damage is deeper and larger, cysts, cysts, and deep inflammatory nodules are formed. The mouth of the hair follicles on the nose and cheeks is enlarged, which can rise and fall within a few years, sometimes light and heavy. In middle-aged women, the rash often worsens before menstruation.

3. Hypertrophy

Also called nasal phase. Only seen in a small number of patients, more than 40 years old men often suffer from chronic congestion, repeated infections, nasal connective tissue hyperplasia, abnormal increase in sebaceous glands, nasal hypertrophy, dark red or purple red. There are enlarged nodules on the nose, the surface is uneven, and the formation of nodules is called nasal nodules.

In addition to skin manifestations, the eyes are often affected. The clinical manifestations are blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and occasionally keratitis and scleritis. Patients may experience dry eyes, foreign body sensation, tearing, photophobia, blurred vision, etc. The symptoms of eye involvement are not parallel to the severity of rosacea symptoms. relationship.

In addition to the above symptoms, there are some special types of rosacea, such as steroidal rosacea, which is caused by long-term local use of corticosteroids, which results in thinning of the skin and increased capillary dilatation. The surface is inlaid with sac-like, round, deeper locations Pimples or pustules, induration, dark red skin, conscious discomfort and pain. Granulomatous rosacea is a special type of rosacea. It often occurs in the form of butterflies around the mouth of the face, and the slides are yellow-brown or jam-like nodules.

Rosacea diagnosis

According to congestive erythema, telangiectasias that occur in the middle of the face, the course is chronic, there are no obvious symptoms, middle-aged disease, and recurrent pimples and pustules can be diagnosed.

Differential diagnosis of rosacea

It should be distinguished from acne, seborrheic dermatitis, familial rosacea, and severe seborrheic dermatitis in AIDS patients.

Rosacea treatment

Because the cause is unknown, the treatment is mostly symptomatic. Try to prevent the factors that aggravate the disease, adjust endocrine, correct gastrointestinal dysfunction, no smoking, coffee, spicy spicy food, do not overeating, keep the stool smooth, avoid using to stimulate the skin Alkaline soaps, alcohols, detergents, stains, astringents, etc., as well as avoid exposure to heat, irritation from cold and heat. Regularize your life and avoid stress.

System treatment

Can choose metronidazole, tetracycline, clarithromycin and other antibiotics. For those who do not respond to antibiotic treatment, a small dose of isotretinoin can be taken orally. For menopausal patients with severe rosacea, treatment with estrogen is also effective.

Local treatment

Clindamycin gel, benzoyl peroxide gel, fusidic acid cream, mupirocin ointment, etc. can also be used. Preparations, etc. Play bactericidal anti-inflammatory, promote erythema papule, pustules subsided, maintenance medication can reduce recurrence.

3. Physical and surgical treatment

Capillary dilatation has better laser treatment. The rhinophyma period can also be surgically cut to achieve a cosmetic effect.