What Is Systemic Inflammatory Response?

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a systemic non-specific inflammatory response caused by the body's severe injury to infection or non-infectious factors such as infection, trauma, burns, surgery, and ischemia-reperfusion A set of clinical symptoms that eventually lead to the body's uncontrolled response to inflammation. Systemic reactions caused by severe infections include changes in body temperature, breathing, heart rate, and white blood cell count.

Basic Information

Visiting department: Infectious Diseases
Common causes: Can be caused by infectious or non-infectious factors.

Common symptoms: Respiration rate and heart rate increase.
Contagious: no

Causes of systemic inflammatory response syndrome

The clinical causes of SIRS include the following two types of conditions.
1. Infectious factors, such as systemic infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi, are more common clinically in biliary infections, abdominal infections, and traumatic infections.
2. Non-infectious factors such as SIRS caused by hemorrhagic shock, ischemia, tissue damage, multiple trauma, acute pancreatitis, burns, poisoning, and drug fever.

Clinical manifestations of systemic inflammatory response syndrome

1. Breathing rate and heart rate increase.
2. The body temperature and peripheral leukocyte count or ratio are abnormal.
3. High metabolic status (high oxygen consumption, high ventilation, high blood sugar, increased proteolysis, and hyperlactic acidemia) and high power circulation status (high cardiac output and low peripheral resistance).
4. Low organ perfusion and excessive inflammation.

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

1. Laboratory tests increase the total number of white blood cells, increase the proportion of neutrophils, increase erythrocyte sedimentation, increase C-reactive protein (CRP), increase myocardial enzymes, increase plasma globulin (decrease in severe cases), CK, CK-MB increased.
2. Special examination and auxiliary examination of lymph node biopsy showed inflammatory hyperplasia, bone marrow manifestation showed infectious bone marrow.

Diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome

In the presence of corresponding damage factors, SIRS can be diagnosed by the occurrence of 2 or more of the following.
1. Body temperature> 38 ° C or <36 ° C.
2. Heart rate> 90 beats / min or hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, or lower than baseline 40 mmHg).
3. Shortness of breath (> 20 beats / min) or hyperventilation (PaCO2 <32mmHg).
4. Peripheral white blood cell count> 12 X 109 / L, or L, or the proportion of neutrophil nucleus cells> 10%, but other reasons that can cause the above-mentioned acute abnormal changes should be ruled out.

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Treatment

1. Anti-infection can be intravenous or oral antibiotics.
2. Immunoprotective therapy Daily intravenous infusion of gamma globulin.
3. Inhibition and clearance of inflammatory mediators and cytokines (1) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Ibuprofen suspensions are commonly used.
(2) Monoclonal antibodies to inflammatory mediators.
(3) Free radical scavenger: a large amount of vitamin C, vitamin E, etc.
4. Anti-shock therapy for fluid resuscitation and vasoactive drugs.
5. Adrenal glucocorticosteroids can be used in the early stage, and high-dose shock therapy can be used in the later stage. The use of adrenal glucocorticoids is currently controversial.
6. Support symptomatic treatment to maintain water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation if necessary, protection of important organ functions, nutrition support and other treatments.