What Is the Connection Between a Yeast Infection and a Urinary Tract Infection?

Chlamydia urinary tract infection refers to inflammation of the urinary system caused by chlamydia infection. Chlamydia trachomatis is the main pathogen of non-gonococcal urethritis. Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the leading cause of sexually transmitted diseases. The main population of chlamydia urinary tract infections is sexually active young people, and the ratio of men to women is similar.

Basic Information

Causes of chlamydia urinary tract infection

1. Host factors: abnormal urinary tract structure and function, retrograde urethral manipulation, decreased immunity, pregnancy and heredity are all risk factors for infection.
2. The pathogen Chlamydia can pass through the filter, strictly intracellular parasitic, sensitive to heat and resistant to low temperature. Chlamydia trachomatis can cause genitourinary tract infections, which are divided into 3 biological variants and 19 serotypes, of which D K serotypes can cause inflammation of the urogenital system, and Lyttle syndrome, that is, multiple symmetrical arthritis, conjunctivitis And urethritis triad. Its pathogenic mechanism is related to inhibiting the metabolism of infected cells, lysing and destroying cells, cytotoxic effects of metabolites, inducing hypersensitivity and autoimmune reactions.
3. Routes of transmission Chlamydia urinary tract infections are caused by occult infections and patients, mainly through sexual transmission. Promiscuity, premature sexual life, and unclean sexual intercourse are particularly contagious. Mother-to-child transmission can occur vertically through intrauterine, birth canal, and puerperium.

Clinical manifestations of chlamydia urinary tract infection

The incubation period for chlamydia urinary tract infection is from several days to several months, mostly 1 to 3 weeks. Most patients have mild symptoms, and 50% to 70% of patients have no clinical manifestations. More than half of the patients may be infected with other pathogens such as Mycoplasma, Candida, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
1. Male patients Male patients usually show perineal discomfort, itching of the urethra, tingling or burning sensation, with frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria. Some patients have redness and swelling of the urethral orifice and urethral serous or mucopurulent secretions. The urethral orifice may have a diaphragm when they do not urinate in the morning or for a long time. There are also some patients with prostatitis, epididymitis, orchitis and Lytle syndrome.
2. Female patients Female patients often have asymptomatic or insignificant symptoms. 50% of patients showed frequent urination, micturition discomfort, slight or no dysuria, and a small amount of serous secretion could overflow from the urinary tract. Genital tract inflammation is most obvious with mucopurulent cervicitis, often accompanied by vestibular glandular inflammation, vaginitis, vulvar itching, and lower abdominal discomfort. If treatment is not timely and incomplete, endometritis, salpingitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease may be complicated, leading to ectopic pregnancy, abortion and infertility.

Chlamydia urinary tract infection test

Chlamydia cell culture
McCoy cells or HeLa-299 cells were cultured, and iodine staining or fluorescent antibody staining was used to observe the proliferation of inclusion bodies.
2. Chlamydia cytology Smear of infected cells, Giemsa or iodine staining, and observe intracellular inclusion bodies.
3. Direct Immunofluorescence Direct immunofluorescence is used to examine chlamydia in cell smears. This method has high sensitivity and specificity, and is simple and fast.
4. Nucleic acid amplification test The nucleic acid amplification test can specifically amplify the target sequence of chlamydia. Among them, the ligase chain reaction has high sensitivity and specificity, and can detect urethral and cervical swabs and morning urine and other specimens. The FDA has approved it as the most sensitive test for diagnosing genitourinary chlamydia infection.
5. Urinary sediment microscopic examination of leukocytes> 5 / HP.
6. Urine secretion smear microscopic examination of leukocytes> 10 / HP.

Diagnosis of chlamydia urinary tract infection

According to the patient's history of field travel, history of unclean sex, and clinical manifestations of urethritis and / or cervicitis, laboratory examination of urethral secretion smear microscopy showed white blood cells> 10 / HP, gonococcal microscopy and culture negative, and Chlamydia cell culture, chlamydia cytology examination showed intracellular inclusion bodies, positive nucleic acid amplification test, can be diagnosed. Etiological examination is the main method for the diagnosis of this disease.

Differential diagnosis of chlamydia urinary tract infection

1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae gonococcal urethritis has an incubation period of 3 to 5 days. The clinical symptoms are mainly dysuria, systemic symptoms are rare, and urethral secretions are numerous. Secretion smears showed positive Gram-negative diplococci, and Gram-negative diplococci were seen in culture.
2. Mycoplasma urinary tract infection is mainly identified by pathogenic examination, and the mycoplasma is positive for isolation and culture.

Chlamydia urinary tract infection treatment

Chlamydia urinary tract infection commonly used drugs are tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones. Azithromycin and doxycycline are preferred. Alternatives include erythromycin and levofloxacin. Re-examination is required 3 to 4 weeks after the end of treatment, and the cured patients should be tested repeatedly within 3 months of treatment. Both health carriers and patients' sexual partners should be treated.