What Is the Effect of Models on Body Image?

The iceberg model is a well-known model proposed by the well-known American psychologist McClelland in 1973. The so-called "iceberg model" is to divide the different expressions of the individual quality of people into surface "above iceberg" and hidden "Below the Iceberg."

Iceberg model

The iceberg model is a well-known model proposed by the well-known American psychologist McClelland in 1973. The so-called "iceberg model" is to divide the different expressions of the individual quality of people into surface "above iceberg" and hidden "Below the Iceberg."

Chinese name

Iceberg model

Presenter

McClelland (US)

Use

Psychotherapy

Classify

Social Science / Psychology

1. Knowledge refers to the factual and empirical information that an individual has in a particular field

2, skills, refers to the structured application of knowledge to complete a certain item

When recruiting talents, we should not only confine ourselves to the inspection of skills and knowledge, but should comprehensively consider the applicant's job search motivation, personal qualities, values, self-awareness and role positioning. If there is no good job search motivation, quality, values and other relevant quality support, the stronger the ability, the more comprehensive the knowledge,

American scholars Lyle M. Spencer and Dr. Lele M. Spencer (Jr. & Signe M. Spencer) proposed the "quality iceberg model" from the perspective of features. The quality iceberg model describes the individual quality as an iceberg floating on the ocean. The knowledge and skills belong to the surface part exposed on the water. This part requires the basic qualities of the incumbent, but it cannot describe the outstanding person Different from the average performers, this part is also called the baseline competence. Benchmark qualities are easy to measure and observe, and therefore easy to imitate; in other words, knowledge and skills can be acquired through targeted training. Internal drive, social motivation, personality quality, self-image, attitude, etc. belong to the deep part of the qualities that are hidden underwater, this part is called discriminative quality (Dif-ferentiating Competence). It is distinguished

The effective application of the iceberg model requires certain steps.

First , different types of work have different quality requirements. It is necessary to determine which qualities are the required qualities for this type of job. There are two basic principles for determining competency: (1) Effectiveness. The only criterion for judging a competency is the ability to distinguish work performance significantly, which means that the competence identified must have a clear and measurable difference between good and average employees. (2) Objectivity. Judging whether a competency can distinguish work performance must be based on objective data.

Secondly , after determining the competency, the organization must establish an evaluation system that can measure the level of individual competency. This evaluation system must also be tested by objective data and be able to distinguish work performance.

Finally , on the basis of accurate measurement, the specific application method of competency evaluation results in various human resource management work is designed.

All in all, McClelland's iceberg model provides a new perspective and a more favorable tool for the practice of human resource management. It can not only meet the requirements of modern human resource management, but also build a competency model for certain positions. The clear description of the competencies required to perform a certain job has become an important basis for personnel quality assessment and provides a scientific prerequisite for the development of human resource management.

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