What Is the Most Common Fever Pathophysiology?

Pathophysiology (English name Pathologic Physiology) is one of the theoretical disciplines of basic medicine, and it also plays a bridge role between basic medicine courses and clinical courses.

Pathophysiology

(One of the disciplines of basic medical theory)

Pathophysiology (English name Pathologic Physiology), is

Author: Su Jingyi editor

Publisher:

This "pathophysiology" textbook was co-written by the pathophysiology colleagues of five medical schools in Beijing, Tianjin, Jin, and Hebei. A few years ago, we were inspired by experts in attacking the Xing'an Mountains. I feel that there are more than one hundred medical schools in such a large country. Only one national textbook is not enough. It is advisable to have several textbooks coexist, complement each other and promote each other To promote the construction of textbooks of pathophysiology. We have organized this book based on this knowledge.

This book is based on a total of 70-90 hours of pathophysiology courses in advanced universities in Xing'an Mountains, and the ratio of lectures to internships is approximately 1: 1. The basic chapters are determined, and the concepts should be as clear as possible, the text should be concise, and the content should be clear Relevant pathogenesis is the principle and reflects the regional characteristics as much as possible. Some parts are written for the sake of comprehensiveness, and the contents of some parts are too detailed for reference only. They may not be included in the teaching content and are not required to be mastered by students.

Chapter 1 General Introduction to Pathophysiology

Section 1 Brief History of Basic Tasks and Development of Pathophysiology

Section 2 Disease Concept

Section III General Etiology

Section 4 General Introduction to Oncology

Chapter 2 Water and Electrolyte Metabolism Disorders

Section 1 Distribution and Regulation of Water and Electrolytes in Normal Humans

Water and electrolyte metabolism disorders

Disorders of potassium metabolism

Disorders of magnesium metabolism

Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism

third chapter

Author: Liu Xin make Yaqin Wang Shenglan

Pathophysiology Book Details:

ISBN: 9787203372400
Price: 48 yuanPrints: 1-1
Binding: paperback printing date: 2014-8-12

Pathophysiology Book Description:

In addition to the classic water, electrolyte, acid-base balance disorders, hypoxia, fever, stress, shock, DIC, and the four major failures, this book also includes cell signal transduction and disease, cell proliferation, abnormal apoptosis and disease. New knowledge that is closely related to cell and molecular biology, and clinically relevant content such as brain dysfunction, and strive to be consistent with content and personnel training goals, strive to be clear, organized, novel, and easy to understand. Teaching-oriented, highlighting the "three basics" (ie basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills), and embodying the "five natures" (ie ideological, scientific, advanced, inspiring and applicable). This textbook can be used by students in clinical, preventive, dental, imaging, inspection and other majors.

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology is one of the important basic medical courses and the bridge between basic medicine and clinical medicine. It occupies a very important position in medical education. It is clinical medicine, stomatology, preventive medicine, nursing, imaging medicine, anesthesia A basic medical course for medical students in various specialties such as medicine. Pathophysiology mainly discusses the rules and mechanisms of disease occurrence and development. An in-depth understanding of these rules and mechanisms is not only an important basis for the students of the above majors to master their professional knowledge, but also an important tool for medical workers to keep up with the rapid development of medicine. Learning pathophysiology well will significantly broaden the horizons of students in all majors and lay a solid foundation for students to study professional courses. This textbook basically follows the traditional content of pathophysiology, that is, the most common basic pathological processes in clinical use as the main line, so that students can have a clearer rational understanding of common pathological processes before entering the clinic and contacting patients. A "knowledge link" section has been added to each chapter, interspersing the knowledge background, character stories, examination points for practicing physicians, and typical cases related to this chapter in the content to broaden the reader's knowledge and enhance the students' interest in learning. A highlight of the textbook. Although this textbook has been repeatedly discussed, modified, and reviewed, it is limited to the deficiencies in levels, abilities, and time. Errors and shortcomings are inevitable. Welcome readers who use this textbook to criticize and correct them so that this textbook can be gradually improved.

Editor June 2014

Directory of Pathophysiology

Chapter 1 Introduction

Section 1 The tasks of pathophysiology and

content

First, the task of pathophysiology

Second, the content of pathophysiology

Section 2 Disciplinary Nature of Pathophysiology and

Research methods

I. Nature of Pathophysiology

Research Methods of Pathophysiology

Section 3 History, Status and Pathophysiology

development trend

references

Chapter 2 Introduction to Disease

Section 1 Health, Disease, and Subhealth

concept

I. Health

Disease

Third, sub-health

Section 2 Etiology

First, the cause of the disease

Second, the conditions under which the disease occurs

Section 3 Oncology

First, the general occurrence and development of disease

law

Second, the basic mechanism of disease

3. The occurrence and development of diseases should be

Two pairs of relationships of interest

Section 4 Passage and Outcome of Disease

First, the course of the disease

Outcomes of the disease

references

Chapter 3 Disorders of Water and Electrolyte Metabolism

Section 1: Normal metabolism of water and electrolytes

I. Volume and distribution of body fluids

Second, the main electrolytes in body fluids and

distributed

3. Osmotic pressure of body fluids

Physiological functions of water and electrolytes

Five, the balance of water and sodium and its adjustment

Section 2 Disorders of water and sodium metabolism

First, dehydration

Second, too much water

Section 3 Disorders of potassium metabolism

I. Normal potassium metabolism and its physiological functions

Disorders of potassium metabolism

Section 4 Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism

I. Normal calcium and phosphorus metabolism and their physiology

Features

Disorders of calcium metabolism

Third, phosphorus metabolism disorders

Section 5 Disorders of Magnesium Metabolism

I. Normal magnesium metabolism and its physiological functions

Disorders of magnesium metabolism

references

Chapter 4 Disorders of acid-base balance

Section 1 Sources of Acids and Alkali and Balance of Acids and Alkali

Adjust

First, the source of acid and alkali

Adjustment of acid-base balance

Section 2 Commonly used to reflect acid-base balance

Indicators and their significance

I. pH

Respiratory indicators (arterial carbon dioxide)

Partial pressure)

3. Metabolic indicators

Fourth, anion gap

Section 3 Simple acid-base disorders

I. Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

Third, metabolic alkalosis

Fourth, respiratory alkalosis

Section 4 Mixed Acid-Base Balance Disorders

First, the dual acid-base balance disorder

Second, triple acid-base disorders

Section 5 Analysis and judgment of disorders of acid-base balance

method

references

Chapter 5 Hypoxia

Commonly used blood oxygen indicators

Partial blood oxygen pressure

Second, blood oxygen capacity

Third, blood oxygen content

4. Poor arterial-venous blood oxygen content

Five, blood oxygen saturation

Section 2 Types, Causes, and Onset of Hypoxia

mechanism

First, hypotonic hypoxia

Second, blood hypoxia

Third, circulating hypoxia

Fourth, tissue hypoxia

Section 3 Functional Metabolism of the Body During Hypoxia

Variety

Changes in the respiratory system

Changes in the circulatory system

Changes in the blood system

Changes in the central nervous system

Five, changes in tissue cells

Section 4 affects the body's tolerance to hypoxia

factor

I. metabolic oxygen consumption rate

Second, the body's compensation ability

Section 5 Pathophysiology of Hypoxia Prevention

basis

First, oxygen therapy

Oxygen poisoning

references

Chapter 6 Fever

Section 1 Causes and Pathogenesis of Fever

First, fever activator

Endogenous pyrogens

Third, the body temperature regulation mechanism during fever

Section 2 Body Function and Metabolism during Fever

Variety

I. Changes in material metabolism

Changes in physiological functions

Changes in defense functions

Section 3 Pathophysiology of Fever Prevention

basis

I. Treatment for primary disease

Second, the routine handling principles when fever

3. Cases that must be resolved in time

references

Chapter 7 Stress

Section 1 Overview

First, the concept of stress

Stressors

Classification of stress

Fourth, systemic adaptation syndrome

Section 2 Basic Performance of Stress Response

First, the neuroendocrine response to stress

Second, the stress humoral response of cells

Third, the body's energy and matter during stress

Metabolic changes

Section 3 Stress Damage and Stress

disease

I. Injuries and diseases of the nervous system

Damage to the cardiovascular system and

disease

Third, the digestive system damage and disease-

Stress ulcer

Damage and diseases of the immune system

Fifth, the injury and disease of the endocrine system

Changes and diseases of the blood system

Seven, stress-related psychological and mental disorders

Section 4 Pathology of Pathological Stress Prevention

Physiological basis

First, avoid inferior stressors too strong or too long

Acting on the human body

Second, timely and correct handling is accompanied by inferiority

Stressful disease or pathological process

Active treatment of stress injuries

references

Chapter 8 Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Causes of Section 1 Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and

Influencing factors

I. Causes of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury

factor

Section 2 Onset of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

mechanism

First, the role of free radicals

Intracellular calcium overload

Third, the role of white blood cells

Fourth, energy metabolism disorders

Fifth, the damage of the complement cascade

Section 3 Ischemia-Reperfusion of Major Organs

Damage characteristics

I. Heart ischemia-reperfusion injury

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

V. Pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury

Gastrointestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Seven, skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury

Section 4 of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Prevention

I. Prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury

Second, remove active oxygen

Third, reduce intracellular calcium overload

Fourth, reduce white blood cell infiltration

Five, inhibit the activation of the complement cascade

Six, start the endogenous protection mechanism of cells

references

Chapter 9 Shock

Section 1 Shock Understanding and Concepts

Section 2 Causes and Classification of Shock

I. Classification by Causes of Shock

Second, according to the start of the shock

classification

Classification by hemodynamic characteristics

Section 3 Pathogenesis of Shock

First, the theory of microcirculation disorders

Cellular mechanism

Third, the systemic inflammatory response

Section 4 Cell Disorders and Organs in Shock

Functional change

I. Cell metabolic disorders

Changes in organ function

Section 5 Pathophysiology of Shock Prevention

basis

I. Etiology Prevention

2. Oncology treatment

Support and protection therapy

references

Chapter 10 Diffuse Intravascular Coagulation

Section 1 Overview

First, the body's hemostatic and coagulation functions

Second, the body's anticoagulant function

Third, the anticoagulant effect of vascular endothelial cells

Section 2 The concept of disseminated intravascular coagulation,

Etiology and classification

Common causes of DIC

Second, affecting the occurrence and development of DIC

factor

Classification of DIC

Section 3 Stages of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and

Its mechanism

1. Staging of DIC

Second, the mechanism of DIC

Section 4 Dispersive Intravascular Coagulation on the Body

Main impact

I. Coagulation dysfunction-bleeding

Extensive microthrombosis-organs

disfunction

Third, microcirculation dysfunction-shock

Mechanical damage of red blood cells-microvessels

Diseased hemolytic anemia

Section 5 Prevention and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation

Pathophysiology basis

I. Prevention and treatment of primary disease

Improve microcirculation

Third, the dynamics of rebuilding coagulation and fibrinolysis

balance

references

Chapter 11 Cell Signaling Abnormalities and Diseases

Section 1 Overview of Cell Signaling System

First, the type of cell signal

Second, the concept of cell receptors, classification and

biological functions

Receptor-mediated cell signal transduction

path

Regulation of cell signal transduction

Section 2 Cell Signaling Abnormalities and

disease

First, abnormal cell signal transduction occurs

Links and mechanisms

Cell Signaling Abnormalities and Inflammation

Third, abnormal cell signal transduction and

diabetes

Fourth, abnormal cell signal transduction and tumor

references

Chapter 12 Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and

disease

Section 1 Cell Proliferation Disorders and Diseases

I. Overview of the cell cycle

Regulation of the cell cycle

Cell cycle abnormalities and diseases

4. Regulation of cell proliferation and disease

Prevention

Section 2 Apoptosis and Disease

First, the concept of apoptosis

Second, the characteristics of apoptosis

Third, the regulation of apoptosis

4. Abnormal regulation of apoptosis and diseases

5. Regulation of apoptosis and disease

Prevention

references

Chapter 13 Cardiac Insufficiency

Section 1 Causes, Causes and Causes of Cardiac Insufficiency

classification

First, the cause of cardiac insufficiency

Causes of Cardiac Insufficiency

Classification of cardiac insufficiency

Section 2 Compensation of the body during cardiac insufficiency

Adaptive response

I. Neuro-humoral compensatory response

Second, the compensatory response of the heart itself

Compensation reactions outside the heart

Section 3 Pathogenesis of Cardiac Insufficiency

I. Reduced myocardial contractility

Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction

Third, the various parts of the heart

Coordination disorder

Section 4 Cardiac Insufficiency

Functional and metabolic changes

First, forward failure

Second, backward failure

Section 5 Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Insufficiency

I. Prevention and treatment of primary disease and elimination of incentives

Second, regulate the neuro-humoral system imbalance and

Intervention of ventricular remodeling

Improve the pumping function of the heart

Fourth, other

references

Chapter 14 Respiratory Insufficiency

Section 1 Causes and Onset of Respiratory Failure

mechanism

I. Pulmonary ventilation dysfunction

Second, lung ventilation dysfunction

Section 2 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

I. Etiology and pathogenesis

Respiration due to acute lung injury

Mechanism of exhaustion

Third, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Fourth, high altitude pulmonary edema

Section 3 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

First, the etiology and pathogenesis of COPD

Second, COPD causes chronic respiratory failure

mechanism

Section 4 Main Body Functions in Respiratory Failure

Metabolic changes

First, acid-base balance and electrolyte disorders

Changes in the respiratory system

Changes in the blood circulation system

Changes in the central nervous system

Five, changes in renal function

Six, gastrointestinal changes

Section 5 Principles of Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Failure

Pathophysiology basis

references

Chapter 15 Hepatic Insufficiency

Section 1 Common Causes of Liver Diseases and

mechanism

Section 2 Function of the body during liver insufficiency

Metabolic changes

Section 3 Hepatic Encephalopathy

First, the concept, typing and

Staging

Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy

Causes of hepatic encephalopathy

4. Pathophysiology of prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

basis

Section 4 Hepatorenal Syndrome

references

Chapter 16 Renal Insufficiency

Section 1 Basic Onset of Renal Insufficiency

Link

First, glomerular filtration dysfunction

Renal tubular dysfunction

Third, kidney endocrine dysfunction

Section 2 Acute Renal Failure

First, the causes and classification of acute renal failure

Second, the pathogenesis of acute renal failure

Third, the stages of acute renal failure

Functional metabolic changes

Fourth, the prevention and treatment of acute renal failure

Section 3 Chronic Renal Failure

First, the etiology of chronic renal failure

The pathogenesis of chronic renal failure

The pathogenesis of chronic renal failure

4. Functional metabolism in chronic renal failure

Variety

Section 4 Uremia

First, uremic toxins

2. Functional metabolism during uremia

Change and its pathogenesis

Third, the prevention principle

references

Chapter 17 Brain Insufficiency

Section 1 Overview

I. Structural, metabolic and functional characteristics of the brain

Common causes of brain insufficiency

Third, the manifestations of brain dysfunction

Section 2 Cognitive Impairment

First, the structural basis of cognition

Classification of cognitive impairment

Third, the manifestations of cognitive impairment

Fourth, the causes and occurrence of cognitive impairment

mechanism

V. Pathophysiology of prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment

basis

Section 3 Disorder of Consciousness

First, the structural basis of consciousness maintenance

Manifestations of Consciousness Disorders

Causes and Occurrences of Disorder of Consciousness

mechanism

Fourth, the impact of consciousness on the body

Fifth, the pathophysiology of prevention and treatment of consciousness

basis

references

Chapter 18 Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Section 1 Overview

Section 2 of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Etiology and pathogenesis

I. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Causes and Causes

Second, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

classification

Section 3 of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Pathogenesis

I. Uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response

Intestinal bacterial translocation and intestinal origin

Endotoxemia

Organ ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion

damage

Fourth, energy and material metabolism disorders

V. Apoptosis leads to organs

Functional impairment

Six, the intracellular signal transduction pathway

activation

Section 4 Prevention and Treatment of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Pathophysiology basis

I. Etiology Prevention

Second, disease prevention

Support and protection therapy

references

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