What Is the Relationship Between Estrogen and Pregnancy?

A collective term for estrogen and progesterone.

Estrogen

Right!

A collective term for estrogen and progesterone.

The main physiological functions of estrogen and progestin are:

One,

Estrogen and progesterone and endometrial cancer

Wells et al from Sheffield University School of Medicine reported that long-term application of uninterrupted estrogen and progestin replacement therapy is safe and does not cause endometrial hyperplasia or malignant tumors.

In order to determine the long-term (5-year) continuous oral administration of 17-estradiol and norethisterone acetate on the endometrial tissue of postmenopausal women, 31 menopausal clinics in the UK conducted a collaborative study. A total of 534 postmenopausal women who completed 9 months of uninterrupted estrogen and progestin replacement therapy (17-estradiol 2 mg / d and norethisterone acetate 1 mg / d orally) were included in the study. All women had intact uterus . Prior to the start of the first 9-month study, 360 women were treated with sequential estrogen-progestin replacement therapy, 164 women were not treated with hormone replacement therapy, and 10 women were treated with estrogen replacement alone. Endometrial aspiration biopsy and histological examination were performed before the start of treatment, 9 months and 24 to 36 months after treatment, and at the end of 5 years of treatment or when the study was withdrawn. (BMJ 2002, 325: 239)

The results showed that the duration of uninterrupted estrogen and progestin replacement therapy was 4.4 years (1.1 to 5.9 years). After 9 months of treatment, 526 women's endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained. After 24 to 36 months of treatment, 465 women's endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained. After completing 5 years of treatment (345) or at the last 2 times, When the study (53) was withdrawn during the biopsy, endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained from 398 women. No endometrial hyperplasia or malignancy was found in any biopsy specimen. At the time of completion or withdrawal from the study, 69% of women had a biopsy diagnosed with endometrial atrophy or cannot be evaluated. Before the uninterrupted estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy started, 21 women who had previously been treated with sequential hormone replacement therapy and one woman who had been treated with estrogen replacement therapy alone had mixed endometrial hyperplasia. Nine months after the uninterrupted estrogen and progestin replacement therapy, all these women's endometrial biopsy specimens returned to normal histology. After 5 years of treatment, endometrial hyperplasia did not recur.

Previous studies have found that long-term sequential application of estrogen and progestin replacement therapy can increase the risk of endometrial cancer; short-term non-stop estrogen and progestin replacement therapy is safe and effective for postmenopausal women. However, previous research samples were small (<100 people) and / or the duration of treatment was short (2 to 3 years). Based on the above results, the researchers believe that long-term treatment (up to 5 years) of continuous estrogen and progestin replacement therapy (estradiol 2 mg / d and norethindrone 1 mg / d) will not cause endometrial hyperplasia or malignancy. Tumor. In contrast, women who had mixed endometrial hyperplasia during sequential estrogen and progestin replacement therapy or estrogen replacement therapy returned to normal during the endometrial replacement therapy. Therefore, for the endometrium, long-term application of this progestogen replacement therapy is safe and sound.