What Is Urogynecology?

Diseases of the female reproductive system are gynecological diseases, including vulvar disease, vaginal disease, uterine disease, fallopian tube disease, and ovarian disease. Gynecological diseases are common and frequently occurring in women. However, because many people lack proper understanding of gynecological diseases, lack of health care for the body, and various bad living habits, etc., the deterioration of physical health has led to some females suffering from diseases that will not be cured for a long time, which will bring great harm to normal life and work. Big inconvenience.

Basic Information

nickname

Gynecological diseases

English name

gynecopathy

English alias

gynopathy

Visiting department

Gynecology

Common locations

Vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, uterine attachment

Causes of Gynecological Diseases

Gynecological diseases are mainly divided into 7 categories: gynecological inflammation, induced abortion, sexually transmitted diseases, irregular menstruation, infertility, gynecological plastic surgery, and gynecological tumors. Each category has multiple minor diseases:

Gynecological inflammation: cervicitis, vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, etc .;

Induced abortion: painless abortion, visible abortion, minimally invasive abortion, medical abortion, etc .;

STDs include: genital warts, syphilis, genital herpes, gonorrhea, AIDS, etc .;

Irregular menstruation: ovarian disease, endocrine disease, gynecological inflammation and other reasons;

Infertility: cervical infertility, endocrine infertility, uterine infertility, tubal infertility, etc .;

Gynecological plastic surgery: labiaplasty, breast enhancement, breast repair, hymen repair, vaginal tightening, leukoplakia, pelvic floor dysfunction, etc .;

Gynecological tumors: uterine fibroids, cervical cysts, ovarian tumors, cervical cancer, etc.

Classification of gynecological diseases

Vaginal disease; Uterine disease; Ovarian disease; Fallopian tube disease; Pelvic disease; Vulvar disease.

Gynecological examination

Vulva

Inspection purpose: Whether the skin of the vulva is smooth, whether the color is normal, and whether there are ulcers, dermatitis, neoplasms, and hypopigmentation. Normal vulva: The pubic hair is pointed downward, distributed in a triangle, the labia majora is pigmented, the labia minora is reddish, the length of the clitoris is less than 2.5cm, and the mucosa around the urethral orifice is pale pink. The vagina and cervix were then examined further with a speculum.

Vagina

Inspection purpose: To check whether the surface of the vaginal mucosa is smooth, whether the texture is normal, whether there are bleeding points, whether the characteristics and odor of vaginal secretions are normal. Normal vagina: The mucosa of the vaginal wall is pale in color and has wrinkles, no ulcers, neoplasms, cysts, congenital malformations, secretions are egg white-like or white paste, no fishy odor, and a small amount, but increased during ovulation and pregnancy. If the leucorrhea is to be checked, the doctor will take the specimen at this time.

3. Cervix

Inspection purpose: To observe whether there is a mass, ulcer, erosion, polyp on the cervix, whether the cervix is normal in size, whether the surface is smooth, whether the texture is too hard, and whether there is uterine prolapse. Normal cervix: Peripheral bulge with holes in the middle. The parturient is round, the parturient is "I" shaped, tough, red meat, and smooth. If a cervical smear is to be performed, the doctor will take the specimen at this time.

4. Uterus and accessories

Inspection purpose: To understand the position of the uterine floor, whether it is active, and the texture. If the uterus is enlarged, stiff, and the surface is not smooth, it is abnormal and requires further inspection. Normal uterus: inverted pear-shaped, 5-6cm long, 4-5cm wide, 3-4cm thick, most of them are forward leaning forward, with medium hardness and good mobility. The ovaries and fallopian tubes are collectively referred to as "accessories", which can be moved, and there is a slight soreness after touching. Normal fallopian tubes cannot be touched.

The doctor removes the speculum, puts on a pair of thin rubber gloves, applies petroleum jelly, slowly puts one or two fingers into the vagina, and puts the other hand on the lower abdomen and presses hard. Check. You feel pain when your finger touches the bottom of the uterus, but it doesn't take long, about 1 minute.

5. Leucorrhea inspection

Smear the vaginal secretions and observe under a microscope to determine the cleanliness of the vagina according to the number of vaginal bacilli, white blood cells (WBC) and miscellaneous bacteria, divided into 4 degrees:

Degree : There are a large number of vaginal bacilli and epithelial cells, no bacteria, white blood cells, clean vision, and normal secretions.

degree: the amount of vaginal bacilli and epithelial cells, a small amount of white blood cells and miscellaneous bacteria, still belong to normal vaginal secretions.

degree: a little vaginal bacillus and squamous epithelium, more bacteria and leukocytes, suggesting milder vaginal inflammation.

degree: no vaginal bacilli, only a few epithelial cells, a large number of white blood cells and miscellaneous bacteria. Prompt relatively severe vaginal inflammation, such as fungal vaginitis, trichomonas vaginitis.

6. Gynecological B-ultrasound

(1) Congenital abnormalities of reproductive organs such as congenital absence of uterus, various types of uterine malformations (double uterus, double vagina, double horned uterus, residual horned uterus, mediastinal uterus), abnormal hymen development (occlusion, hemorrhage) and ectopic Kidney (pelvic kidney).

(2) Endometriosis (adenomyosis, ovarian chocolate cyst).

(3) Endometrial cavity lesions such as incomplete abortion, abnormal development of pregnant eggs or missed abortion, hydatidiform mole, endometrial proliferation, polyps, uterine adenocarcinoma, etc.

(4) Know the location, deformation, incarceration, perforation, outing or pregnancy with a ring.

(5) Cervical lesions such as cervical hypertrophy, Nessler's cyst, and polyps.

(6) Inflammation of the pelvic genitals such as empyema and hydrosalpinx.

(7) Postoperative examinations after hysterectomy.

(8) Gynecological non-neoplastic tumors such as follicular cysts, corpus luteum cysts, luteinized cysts, polycystic ovary, ovarian hematoma, ovarian crown cyst.

(9) Gynecological tumors Benign, such as uterine fibroids and various types of ovarian cysts. Malignant, such as uterine adenocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, primary or secondary ovarian cancer.

Gynecological diseases

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

It is a disease name of modern medicine, which refers to uterine bleeding caused by ovarian dysfunction, referred to as "function blood".

Vaginal cancer

Vaginal cancer is a rare vaginal malignant tumor, which can be divided into two types: primary and secondary.

3. Vulvar cancer

Vulvar cancer is a malignant tumor of the vulva and is not uncommon.

4. Ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in ovarian tissue. Symptoms such as lower abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, menstrual disorders, and compression may appear clinically.

5. Cervical cancer

Carcinoma of the cervix or vaginal epithelium. From the perspective of tissue, cervical squamous cell carcinoma is the main one.

6. Uterine cancer

Mostly refers to uterine body cancer, that is, endometrial cancer. Symptoms such as irregular vaginal bleeding can occur early.

7. Hydatidiform mole

Blister-shaped placenta, abnormal proliferation of placental villous trophoblasts after pregnancy, turning terminal villi into blisters, and the shape of the connection between the blisters is like grape bunches.

8. Cervicitis

Cervicitis is a common disease of women of childbearing age, both acute and chronic. Clinically, chronic cervicitis is more common.

9. Vaginitis

Vaginitis is a common disease in gynecological clinics. Clinical changes are characterized by changes in the characteristics of leucorrhea and vulvar soreness and itching, and sexual intercourse pain is also common.

10. Pelvic Inflammation

When the female genitalia (such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, pelvic peritoneum) and surrounding connective tissue, pelvic peritoneum are inflamed, it is called pelvic inflammatory disease.

11. Attachment

Refers to inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries. However, fallopian tubes and ovarian inflammation are often combined with parauterine connective tissue inflammation and pelvic peritonitis, and it is not easy to distinguish at diagnosis.

12. Choriocarcinoma

Also known as choriocarcinoma, it is a highly malignant trophoblastic tumor that mainly occurs in women of childbearing age and is called "pregnant choriocarcinoma".

13. Uterine prolapse

The uterine supporting tissue is damaged and weak, causing the uterus to fall along the vagina, the outer cervix lowered to the level of the ischial spine, and the uterus all comes out of the vaginal opening.

14. Uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in female reproductive organs. They occur in middle-aged women and have a higher incidence in women aged 30-50.

15. Premature ovarian failure

Normal women's ovarian function does not begin to decline until 45 to 50 years old. If signs of decline occur before the age of 40, it is medically called premature ovarian failure.

16. Vaginal spasm

The muscles surrounding the vagina and pelvic floor surrounding the lower third of the vagina before or during sexual intercourse occur involuntarily and continuously with spastic contractions.

17. Endometritis

It is inflammation of the endometrium. According to the duration of the disease, it can be divided into two types: acute endometritis and chronic endometritis.

18. Endometriosis

Under normal circumstances, the endometrium covers the surface of the uterine body cavity. For some reason, the endometrium grows in other parts of the body.

19. genital abnormalities

Including vaginal atresia, double vagina, double cervix, uterine mediastinum, double uterus and so on.