What Some Causes of Bleeding Gums?
Can be divided into local factors and systemic factors (or disease).
- Western Medicine Name
- Bleeding gums
- Affiliated Department
- Department of Physiology-Stomatology
- Disease site
- Gums
- The main symptoms
- Spontaneous small bleeding, small bleeding due to slight irritation
- Main cause
- Chronic inflammation of the gums
- Multiple groups
- Periodontitis and gingivitis
| Ouyang Xiangying | (Chief physician) | Department of Periodontology, Peking University Stomatological Hospital |
| Kang Jun | (Chief physician) | Department of Periodontology, Peking University Stomatological Hospital |
| Shi Dong | (Deputy Chief Physician) | Department of Periodontology, Peking University Stomatological Hospital |
- Gingival hemorrhage is one of the common symptoms in the dentistry. It refers to spontaneous bleeding from the gums or due to slight irritation. The lighter ones show bloodshot blood in the saliva only when sucking, brushing teeth, or chewing hard foods. The severe ones have more or even spontaneous bleeding when the gums are slightly stimulated. Generally speaking, chronic inflammation of the gum is a common cause of gum bleeding, so gum bleeding is more common in patients with periodontitis and gingivitis; but sometimes it can also be oral manifestations of certain systemic diseases, which should be paid sufficient attention at this time.
Causes of gum bleeding
- Can be divided into local factors and systemic factors (or disease).
Local factors for gum bleeding
- Local irritation of plaque and tartar. The accumulation of plaque and calculus can be caused by food impaction, poor restorations, poor oral hygiene habits, etc., and cause inflammation of periodontal tissues, such as plaque gingivitis and periodontitis.
- Other local irritants (non-plaque calculus) and bad habits. Local inflammations such as proliferative gingivitis, periodontitis, etc. are stimulated by mechanical, chemical, bad restorations, bad fillings, bad appliances and mouth breathing.
- local tissue allergies. Allergic reactions are triggered when local allergens are contacted, and when the gums are spread, the gums are swollen and susceptible to bleeding. Such as plasma cell gingivitis.
- Gum trauma and periodontal surgery.
Gingival bleeding systemic factors
- Endocrine changes. Under the influence of elevated sex hormones and progesterone hormones, the gum tissue is slightly stimulated to cause non-specific inflammation, leading to bleeding, increased exudation, and hyperplasia of the gums. Such as puberty gingivitis, gingivitis during pregnancy and gingival tumors.
- Systemic diseases. Such as hematological diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, liver and kidney dysfunction, and tumors. Pathogenicity usually results in decreased immunity of the whole body, which in turn leads to decreased resistance to local stimuli and induces inflammation of the gums; disorders of the coagulation system; organic changes in blood vessels, dynamic changes in blood flow, and so on.
- Other external factors that affect the whole body. Such as smoking, taking anticoagulant drugs and so on.
Clinical manifestations of gum bleeding
- Gingival bleeding can be divided into passive bleeding and active bleeding (spontaneous bleeding).
- I. Passive bleeding: It is mainly manifested in bleeding of the capillaries of the gums during toothbrushing, eating, and sucking, and the blood volume is low. Bloodshot eyes are found in saliva or blood stains are found on the food and toothbrushes. After rinsing in cold water, you can stop by yourself.
- 2. Active bleeding (spontaneous bleeding): refers to slight irritation that can cause massive bleeding of the gums, or bleeding without any stimulus. The bleeding range is wide, large and difficult to stop. This symptom is often related to the general health of the patient.
- Gingival bleeding is often accompanied by bad breath.
Diagnosis of gum bleeding disease
- The patient complained, such as bleeding hard gums, bleeding from brushing, and spontaneous bleeding.
- Oral examination, check whether there is gum bleeding in the patient's mouth and related local factors, including gingivitis, calculus, periodontal pockets, local trauma, etc.
- Meet any of the above two, and exclude bleeding from the digestive tract and respiratory tract, that is, diagnosed as gum bleeding.
Gum bleeding disease treatment
- For acute gum bleeding, emergency hemostasis should be performed first, such as stuffing, compression of bleeding sites, suture of gingival nipples, periodontal embolization, etc. If necessary, short-term systemic application of hemostatic drugs, but the indications should be strictly controlled.
- Since gingival bleeding is mostly caused by local factors, a) local irritation factors should be removed in time, including pathogenic factors such as gingival cleansing and subgingival scraping to remove plaque and calculus; treat food impaction; remove bad restorations and fillings , Appliance; correct bad oral habits. b) Oral hygiene education, control plaque, and cultivate good oral hygiene habits, including correct tooth brushing, proper use of dental floss, toothpick, regular periodontal inspection and periodontal support treatment; c) quit smoking and increase intake of vegetables and fruits Wait.
- Suspicious gum bleeding related to general health status should be given enough attention, and relevant inspections should be performed in time, such as blood routine, blood coagulation phase, liver and kidney function, etc., and treatment measures should be taken for systemic diseases. [1-3]