What Are the Different Types of Internet Gadgets?

Internet services refer to the Internet services provided to users. Internet services can be used to access the Internet and obtain required information. Internet services use the TCP / IP protocol.

Internet services refer to the Internet services provided to users. Internet services can be used to access the Internet and obtain required information. Internet services use the TCP / IP protocol.

WWW (World Wide Web) means "World Wide Web", "World-wide Spider Web", commonly known as "World Wide Web" or 3W or Web. WWW is an information retrieval service tool based on the Hypertext method.

Chinese name

Internet services

Foreign name

Internet Service

WWW Internet World Wide Web www

Internet service foundation

WWW works

It was developed by the European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN) and organically weaves related data information from different locations on the Internet worldwide. The WWW provides a friendly information query interface. Users only need to ask for queries, and where and how to query are automatically completed by the WWW. Therefore, WWW brings you a world-wide hypertext service: as long as you manipulate the computer's mouse, you can transfer the text, images (including moving images) and sounds you want from anywhere in the world through the Internet information. In addition, WWW can provide you with "traditional" Internet services: Telnet, FTP, Gopher, and Usenet News (Internet bulletin board service). By using WWW, a person unfamiliar with network use can quickly become an Internet expert.

The biggest difference between WWW and the traditional Internet information query tools Gopher and WAIS is that it shows the user an article instead of the often inexplicable menu description. Therefore, it is very intuitive to use it to query information.

The success of WWW is that it has developed a standard, easy-to-manage hypertext development language HTML, a unified positioning format URL for information resources, and a hypertext communication protocol HTTP.

HTML Internet Services HTML

Hypertext Markup Language

HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up Language) is the description language of WWW. It was proposed by Tim Berners-lee. The purpose of designing the HTML language is to easily link the text or graphics stored in one computer with the text or graphics in another computer to form an organic whole. People don't need to consider that the specific information is on the current computer. Still on other computers on the network. In this way, as long as you use the mouse to click an icon in a document, the Internet will immediately go to the content related to this icon, and this information may be stored on another computer on the network.

HTML text is descriptive text composed of HTML commands. HTML commands can describe text, graphics, animations, sounds, tables, links, and so on. The structure of HTML includes two parts: Head (Head) and Body (Body). The header describes the information required by the browser, and the body contains the specific content to be explained.

URL Internet service URL

Uniform Resource Locator

The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a WWW page. It consists of the following parts from left to right:

Internet resource type (scheme): indicates the tool used by the WWW client to operate. For example, "http: //" indicates the WWW server, "ftp: //" indicates the FTP server, and "gopher: //" indicates the Gopher server.

Server address (host): indicates the server domain name where the WWW page is located.

Port (port): Sometimes (not always) access to certain resources, the corresponding server provides the port number.

Path (path): indicates the location of a resource on the server (its format is the same as that in the DOS system, usually consisting of a directory / subdirectory / file name structure). Like ports, paths are not always needed.

The URL address format is arranged as:

scheme: // host: port / path such as http://www.cnd.org/pub/HXWZ is a typical URL address.

The client program first sees http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and knows that it is dealing with HTML links. The next www.cnd.org is the site address, and finally the directory pub / HXWZ.

For ftp://ftp.cnd.org/pub/HXWZ/cm9612a.GB, the WWW client program needs to use FTP for file transfer. The site is ftp.cnd.org, and then go to the directory pub / HXWZ to download the file cm9612a.GB. .

If the above URL is ftp://ftp.cnd.org:8001/pub/HXWZ/cm9612a.GB, the FTP client program will connect from port 8001 of the site frp.cnd.org.

It must be noted that the servers on the WWW are case sensitive, so you must pay attention to the correct URL case.

Internet Services Home

Homepage

Homepage is literally translated as a homepage. To be precise, Homepage is a kind of information organization method such as text, image, sound, animation, etc., organized by hypertext markup language (descriptive language), and then translated by the corresponding interpreter or browser. Users can treat it the same as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, etc. Homepage's dissemination method is to query the original code and graphics files and sound files related to Homepage on a server (called WWW). For example, if you want to understand the situation of IBM, you can browse IBM's Homepage, which should be placed on IBM's WWW server, then enter the place where the browser URL is entered:

http://www.ibm.com

Internet Service Information Search

Internet Service Preface

The information resources on the Internet are so rich that they are a bit overwhelming, especially for those newcomers who have just stepped into the Internet world. It is even more confusing and difficult to figure out. Some people liken that the information on the Internet is like a lot of cluttered books, except that the contents and titles of the books are listed on each pile of books, but to find specific books, you need to search for them one by one.

Needless to say, there are many information resources on the Internet that have the information you need. If you know where the information is stored, it is quick and convenient to get this information online, but the main problem is how to find this information.

Internet service approach

There are many ways to find information on the Internet, which can be roughly divided into the following:

Stumbled upon. This is the original way to discover information on the Internet. When you are traveling on the Internet, you may accidentally find some useful information. This method is also fun due to the unpredictability of this method, but it may be nothing.

Browsing. Browsing is like walking into a library's bookshelf and flipping through the shelves. The Gopher service currently available on the Internet is the electronic equivalent of this method. The hypertext method provided by WWW can be regarded as a special form of browsing.

Searching. Searching is like finding an index or sorting a card to help find it. There are many different types of search tools in the Internet, such as WAIS, Archie, Veronia, Jughead, etc. They all have different search purposes. Many outlets provide users with a combined search interface.

Find the corresponding information through the Resource Guide. There are many resource guides on the Internet. Such as

http://www.rpi.edu/Internet/Guides/decemj

/icmc/toc3.htm1

It is a resource guide, which searches a large number of information pointers about various technologies, cultures, organizations, and applications of the Internet. Users can use these pointers for resource guidance. However, it should be noted that the information on the Internet changes very fast, and the information needs to be updated almost every six months. The referenced resource guide may be outdated.

Thousands of information sources and various information services are provided on the Internet, and the types and number of information sources and services are constantly and rapidly growing. It is impossible to try these information sources and services in person due to time, energy and financial constraints. Although the two methods of accidental discovery and browsing mentioned above are very effective in some occasions, sometimes the time and benefit ratio may not be too satisfactory, and the use of the search method can narrow the search range and achieve the effect of twice the result with half the effort.

Internet service specific steps

(1) Develop an information search strategy

When searching for information on the Internet, we recommend the following strategies:

First, identify excellent sources of information that provide relevant information.

Check whether the granularity of the information provided by the information source is appropriate and the amount of information provided is appropriate. Too much information, redundant and complicated, inconvenient to search, too little information, not enough information to search.

Research the search commands and search methods provided by the information source, formulate a search plan, and then start searching.

(2) Identify information sources

Identifying the source of information is a critical step. Well begun is half done. If you don't find the starting point, search results may be lost. Here are some excellent search sites.

http://www.altavista.digital.com

The outlet is Altavista's service provided free of charge by Digital Equipment Corp. The site has indexed millions of Web home pages. And contains a full-text index of more than 13,000 Usenet newsgroups updated in real time. Its advantage is that it allows the scope of the search object to be limited to a period of time, and can use keywords such as "AND", "OR", "NOT", and "NEAR" to combine words with short sentences to form a search condition.

http://www.infoseek.com

The outlet is a commercial service on the WWW. It provides more than 100 computer publications, 13,000 Internet newsgroups (in two news collections: news released this week and news released the previous four weeks), 200,000 WWW and mailing list directories, Web search provided by this site The service is free. The database includes company profiles, film and video reviews, newsletters, music record reviews, and technical support information (including articles and summary information published by more than 100 computer magazines for many years). You can search for this information in natural English or by entering keywords or phrases.

Internet service search method

For various service outlets, there are many practical problems in specific search. Because different outlets provide different ways to implement search services, there is currently no simple search rule that works well for all online services. It's a great way for one service, and maybe completely useless for another.

Many services provide complete search command documentation online. When users use a certain network to search, they should first study the search commands, search methods, and its features provided by this service, so that they can make clear how to search on it and make full use of the advantages of this network. For example, some search sites allow users to use the previous search criteria in a new round of search. When there are many records that meet the conditions in the first search result, the second search can be performed by adding conditions, which can save a lot of time and money.

Entering search criteria is the most critical step in the search process. If the user's expected meaning of the input conditions is different from the meaning of the search site's "understanding", the search results obtained will be far from what they want. When starting to search for information in a certain service, it is recommended that searchers conduct experimental searches with different words, and then research the first 5 to 10 records of the search results. Pay attention to their headers and indexes. In this way, you can roughly understand How the index entries of this service are organized, the next step is to know what keywords to use to search for the information you want.

Internet service search mechanism

Different outlets provide different search mechanisms. Boolean search is a more common mechanism. It uses the three Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT to combine search terms. Search terms combined using the AND operator, each term must appear in the search results. Any search term that uses the OR operator combination appears in the document and is eligible. Be careful when using the NOT operator, it may filter out the results you want to find.

In addition to the Boolean search mechanism, many online services provide some other search mechanisms. Such as natural language search, related level search, concept search, etc. Relevant rank search is similar to AND search, but at the same time it takes advantage of OR search. All terms that appear in the search string need not appear in a search result at the same time. As mentioned earlier, Altavista services provide an enhanced relevance-level search mechanism.

Some services also provide searches for special types of information. For example, Altavista provides users with a search for URLs or hyperlinks. For example, if you enter the query condition "+ link: eunet.no/-presno/-url: enuet.no/-presno/", it will find the homepage on another web server that contains a pointer to this homepage, and exclude this homepage The URL where itself is located. The "-" operator is similar to "NOT", "link:" means a pointer on a web server, and "url:" means a URL address.

Internet service famous engine

1Yahoo Internet Services 1) Yahoo

Yahoo is the "veteran" of the Internet engine and the most popular search tool on the WWW. Yahoo was founded in April 1994 by David Filo and Jerry Yang, two PhD students from Stanford University. In just two or three years, Yahoo not only became the hottest search tool on the Internet, but also created a new billionaire, Yang Zhiyuan. Yahoo consists of 65,000 databases, with more than 200,000 entries for HTML documents and other Internet resources. Yahoo has three ways to query information:

Information classification method: such as latest news, current hotspot information, etc .;

Thematic browsing methods: All general information is divided into twelve categories: art, business and economics, computer and internet, education, entertainment, government, health, journalism, leisure and sports, reference information, regional, scientific and social sciences. Each major category is divided into multiple sub-categories. It is very convenient to click on the link words to enter related topics.

Keyword search method: This is the fastest and most convenient search method. Just type the information topic word you want to find in the search box on the Yahoo homepage, and then click the Search button to find and list the results.

2) Altavista

The Altavista retrieval service, which started in December 1995, is currently the best search engine, accessing it more than 100 million times a day. Altavista retrieval is very fast, usually only a few seconds. It maintains a database with time variables, which can ensure that the information queried is up-to-date and comprehensive.

Altavista's query is divided into simple query and advanced query. Simple query can be done by submitting a query task after entering one or several keywords. This is not much different from the query methods of other engines.

Altavista advanced queries must use AND, OR, NOT, NEAR, and () operators to connect words and phrases. For example, the Internet OR intranet query includes Internet or intranet data.

Altavista supports filtering queries such as host: digital.com to query articles from the host as digital.

3) Excite

Excite is an online query system developed by Architext Software and recently joined the Internet. Excite collects 50 million webpage data, and its search method consists of Excite search (Keyword Search), Excite city-net (City Network), Excite live (Life Information), Excite Reference (Yellow Page) and so on.

Excite's biggest feature is the use of a dedicated query software called "smart concept extraction" that allows users to ask questions using natural language.

4) Lycos

Well-known query tool. It indexes 19 million URLs (including FTP and Gopher), covering 95% of web addresses, of which only 3.6 million URLs have relatively complete full-text indexes. The content of the index is the page name, URL, subtitle, the first 20 lines of text, and 100 weighted words. Lycos provides a variety of services, including keywords, hot news, topic websites, city guides, stock markets, finding people, online companies, road maps, about Lycos, and a total of 12 categories of help.

The biggest feature of Lycos is that it uses a technology that can greatly speed up data search, called CentiSpeed, which can process 4000 query requests per second. Another feature is the establishment of a Lycos database called "A2Z", which contains the theme directories of the most commonly used homepages.

5) WebCrawler

WebCrawler was the first engine to provide full-text search on the Internet. Later, Lycos, Infoseek, OpenText, etc. joined the ranks of full-text search. WebCrawler currently belongs to America.

Online company. It is indexed with 350,000 keyword searches and a full-text index of 100,000 HTML documents. WebCrawler provides classification services including literature and art, business and finance, conversation, computers, daily news, education, entertainment, games, government, health and medical, Internet, children and family, life and culture, rehabilitation, reference desk, science , Sports, tourism, a total of 18 categories.

WebCrawler is powerful and can retrieve 1.6 million documents on 250,000 servers around the world at one time, and is accessed an average of 3 million times a day. Its search results are sorted by relevance, and displayed in simple and detailed formats. Support natural language query and Boolean operator query. Users can specify any word match or all word matches when inputting a string of words.

6) Infoseek

Infoseek was launched by Infoseek in 1995. It indexes the full text of 25 million WWW, FTP, Gopher, and Newsgroups outlets. It is the first paid query system on the Web. It only gives you the first 100 records it finds for free (but this is more than enough for our average user).

The feature of Infoseek service is to use the word frequency statistics method to determine the importance and relevance of words. It can be retrieved by word order, and the case of words is different. Double quotes, hyphens, plus signs, minus signs, and brackets are used to indicate the syntax of words.

In addition, Infoseek provides the ability to download free software. PC Week Labs rated Infoseek as the most functional search site.

Internet service email

Internet service definition

Electronic mail (E-mail, or Electronic mail) refers to a modern postal communication method in which users on the Internet or conventional computer networks communicate via electronic mail.

E-mail was originally designed as a mechanism for communication between two people, but current e-mail has been extended to communicate with a group of users or with a computer program. Because the computer can automatically respond to e-mail, any computer connected to the Internet can access Internet services through E-mail, and the general E-mail software is designed to consider how to access Internet services, so that e-mail becomes the Internet One of the most widely used services.

In fact, e-mail is one of the most basic functions of the Internet. Before the introduction of browser technology, most of the communication between Internet users was carried out by E-mail.

Although email is the most common service on the Internet, you can send and receive email without using the Internet. Early researchers who worked through computer networks realized in their work that the Internet can provide a means of communication that combines telephone communication with postal mail, and this new communication method, e-mail, was finally produced. Many companies and organizations around the world use email daily, but they may simply use a local area network to connect to other computers and transmit email over these networks. Of course, in the LAN environment, only those users who are connected to the LAN can send and receive e-mails. Once the LAN is connected to the Internet, each user on the LAN can transcend time and space and send and receive e-mail with Internet users all over the world. .

Internet Service Features

E-mail has huge advantages compared with traditional communication methods, and the information transmission methods it embodies are significantly different from traditional letters:

(1) Fast sending speed: Emails can usually be delivered to recipients' mailboxes anywhere in the world within a few seconds, which is more efficient and faster than telephone communication. If the receiver responds within a short period of time after receiving the email, often the sender can receive the reply email while still working at the computer. The recipient and the recipient exchange a series of short emails as if they were brief Conversation.

(2) Diversified information: In addition to ordinary text content, the contents of letters sent by e-mail can also be software, data, and even recording, animation, television, or various multimedia information.

(3) Convenient sending and receiving: Unlike telephone communication or postal mail sending, E-mail adopts an asynchronous working method, which allows the recipient to freely decide when and where to receive and reply while transmitting at high speed. When sending e-mail No delay due to "busy" or the absence of the recipient, the recipient does not need to be waiting at the other end of the line, can receive E-mail at any time, any place convenient for the user, or even on the go, thus crossing time And space constraints.

(4) Low cost: The biggest advantage of E-mail is its low communication price. Users can send important information to users far away from the earth with very little local telephone charges.

(5) More extensive communication objects: the same letter can be sent to one or more designated members on the Internet very quickly through the network, and even an online meeting can be held to discuss each other. These members can be distributed around the world, but the speed of sending It has nothing to do with geography. Compared with any other Internet service, using email can communicate with more people.

(6) Complete: E-mail software is efficient and reliable. If the destination computer just shuts down or is temporarily disconnected from the Internet, the E-mail software will automatically resend it at regular intervals; Submit and the email will automatically notify the sender. As a high-quality service, email is a safe and reliable high-speed letter delivery mechanism. Internet users generally only send letters by E-mail.

FTP Internet Services FTP

Internet service definition

FTP file transfer protocol

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the basis of Internet file transfer. Through this protocol, users can copy files from one Internet host to another Internet host.

FTP used to be an important form of communication in the Internet. Currently, we often use it to copy all kinds of software from remote hosts.

Like most Internet services, FTP is a client / server system. The user connects to the FTP server program on the remote host through a client program that supports the FTP protocol. The user issues a command to the server program through the client program, and the server program executes the command issued by the user and returns the result of the execution to the client. For example, the user sends a command asking the server to send a copy of a certain file to the user. The server will respond to this command and send the specified file to the user's machine. The client program receives this file on behalf of the user and stores it in the user directory.

In the use of FTP, users often encounter two concepts: "Download" and "Upload". "Downloading" files is copying files from a remote host to your own computer; "uploading" files is copying files from your own computer to a remote host. In Internet language, users can upload (download) files to (from) remote hosts through client programs.

FTP Internet Services Anonymous FTP

When using FTP, you must first log in. After obtaining the corresponding permissions on the remote host, you can upload or download files. In other words, if you want to transfer files with the same computer, you must have the proper authorization for which computer. In other words, you cannot transfer files unless you have a user ID and password. This situation violates the openness of the Internet. There are more than ten million FTP hosts on the Internet. It is impossible to require each user to have an account on each host. Anonymous FTP was created to solve this problem.

Anonymous FTP is a mechanism through which users can connect to a remote host and download files from it without having to become a registered user. The system administrator has created a special user ID called anonymous, which can be used by anyone on the Internet anywhere.

The way to connect to an anonymous FTP host through an FTP program is similar to the way to connect to an ordinary FTP host, except that when you provide a user ID, you must enter anonymous. The password for the user ID can be any string. It is customary to use your own e-mail address as the password, so that the system maintenance program can record who is accessing these files.

It is worth noting that anonymous FTP is not applicable to all Internet hosts, it is only applicable to those hosts that provide this service.

When a remote host provides anonymous FTP services, certain directories are designated to the public to allow anonymous access. The rest of the directories in the system are hidden. As a security measure, most anonymous FTP hosts allow users to download files from them, but do not allow users to upload files to them. That is, users can copy all files on the anonymous FTP host to their own machines. However, you cannot copy any file on your machine to an anonymous FTP host. Even if some anonymous FTP hosts do allow users to upload files, users can only upload files to a specified upload directory. Later, the system administrator will check these files, he will move these files to another public download directory for other users to download. In this way, the user of the remote host is protected, and someone uploads the problematic file Files, such as files with viruses.

Anonymous use of Internet services

As an Internet user, you can copy files between any two Internet hosts via FTP. However, most people only have one Internet account. FTP is mainly used to download public files, such as shareware and technical support files of various companies.

There are thousands of anonymous FTP hosts on the Internet. These hosts store countless files for users to copy for free. In fact, almost all types of information and all types of computer programs can be found on the Internet. This is one of the important reasons why the Internet attracts us.

Anonymous FTP gives users the opportunity to access the world's largest information database, which is accumulating over time, and is constantly growing, never closed, covering almost all topics. And it's all free.

Anonymous FTP is a common method for publishing software on the Internet. The Internet continues to this day because people use programs that provide standard services through standard protocols. Many programs like this are published via anonymous FTP, and anyone can access them.

There are a huge number of anonymous FTP hosts and more files on the Internet. So how do you know which specific FTP host a particular file is in? This is exactly what the Archie server does. Archie will automatically search the FTP host to construct a database containing all file directory information, so that you can directly find the location information of the required files.

Telnet Internet Services Telnet

Internet service definition

Remote login

In the past, few people could afford a computer, let alone a powerful computer. So people at that time used a method called Telnet to access the Internet: that is, connecting their low-performance computers to large remote computers with good performance. Once connected, their computers seemed to be on these remote large computers. A terminal, as if sitting in front of the screen of a remote mainframe, enters commands and runs programs in the large mainframe. People call this operation method of connecting their own computer to a remote computer "quote login", and call this login technology Telnet (Remote Login).

Telnet is the Internet's remote login protocol. It allows you to sit in front of your computer and log in to another remote computer through the Internet. This computer can be in the next room or on the other side of the globe. After you log in to the remote computer, your computer is like a terminal of the remote computer. You can directly control the remote computer with your own computer and enjoy the same power as the local terminal of the remote computer. You can start an interactive program on a remote computer, you can search a database on the remote computer, and you can use the powerful computing power of the remote computer to solve an equation.

But now Telnet has been used less and less. There are three main reasons:

First, the performance of personal computers is getting stronger and stronger, resulting in a gradual weakening of the requirements for running programs in other people's computers.

Second, the Telnet server is less secure because it allows others to access its operating system and files.

Third, Telnet is not easy to use, especially for beginners.

However, Telnet still has many advantages. For example, if your computer lacks any functions, you can use Telnet to connect to a remote computer and use the functions on the remote computer to complete your work. It can be said that what is provided on the Internet All services are available through Telnet.

However, the main purpose of Telnet is to use the information resources on the remote computer. If your main purpose is to transfer files between the local computer and the remote computer, using FTP will be much more effective.

How Internet Services Work

When you use Telnet to log in to the remote computer system, you actually start two programs, one called the Telnet client program, which runs on your local machine, and the other called the Telnet server program, which runs on the remote computer you want to log in The client program on the local machine must complete the following functions:

1) Establish a TCP connection with the server.

2) Receive the characters you entered from the keyboard.

3) Turn the string you entered into a standard format and send it to the remote server.

4) Receive the output information from the remote server.

5) Display the information on your screen.

The "service" program of the remote computer is usually called "elf". It usually waits silently on the remote computer. When it receives your request, it immediately becomes active and completes the following functions:

1) Notify your computer that the remote computer is ready.

2) Waiting for your input.

3) Respond to your commands (such as displaying the contents of a directory, or executing a program, etc.).

4) Send the result of executing the command back to your computer.

5) Wait for your order again.

In the Internet, many services adopt such a client / server structure. For Internet users, it is usually enough to understand the client program.

Remote login using Windows95

The Windows 95 Telnet client is one of the Windows 95 command line programs. When installing Microsoft CP / IP, the Telnet client is automatically installed on the system.

To log in remotely using the Windows 95 Telnet client, follow these steps:

(1) Connect to the Internet.

(2) Select "Run" in the "Start" menu, or select "MS-DOS prompt mode" under the "Program" menu to switch to the command prompt.

(3) At the command prompt, use one of the following two methods to connect to Telnet.

One way is to enter the "telnet" command, a space, and the corresponding telnet host address. If the host prompts you for a port number, you can add a space after the host address, and then immediately follow the corresponding port number. Then, press Enter.

Alternatively, enter the "telnet" command and press Enter to open the main Telnet window. In this window, select "Remote System" under "Connection", and if necessary, enter the host name and port number in the dialog box that appears, and then click the "Connect" button.

(4) After the connection with the remote host of Telnet is successful, the computer will prompt you to enter a user name and password. If you are connected to a free service system such as BBS, Archie, Gopher, you can enter bbs, archie or gopher as the user name. Can enter remote host system.

In this way, Telnet has built a bridge to the remote host for you. Now you can follow the command line of the remote host completely.

BBS Internet Services BBS

Internet service history

At a computer exchange in the Chicago area in 1978, Krison and Russ Lane saw the same thing, because the two often cooperated in various aspects. But two people don't live together. The phone can only communicate in language. Some problems are difficult to express clearly. The winter storm in Chicago prevented them from meeting every day. Therefore, they connected the two Apple IIs in their homes through a telephone line with the help of the recently launched Hayes modem (Modem), achieving the first in the world. BBS, so they can chat and send messages to each other through computers. They named their programs Computer Bulletin Board System. This is the beginning of the first BBS system. At that time, one software vendor, Culkins, saw this achievement and immediately realized its commercial value. With his promotion, the first commercial BBS software package consisting of CBBS and modem was launched in 1981.

Early BBSs were connected by computer enthusiasts in their own homes through a computer, a modem, one or two phones, and they could only be accessed by one or two people at the same time. There were no strict rules on the content to discuss There are many computer or game problems. A single-line BBS can receive a maximum of 200 people per day. Later, BBS gradually entered the Internet, and Internet-based BBSs appeared. Government agencies, commercial companies, and computer companies also gradually established their own BBSs, making BBSs quickly become a field for computer users around the world to exchange information.

Internet service types

Counting from the first BBS, it has a history of nearly two decades. It has appeared with the emergence of the network and will also develop with the development of the network. The original BBS just used a modem to dial to a certain phone number through a telephone line, and then read the information put on the bulletin board by other software and expressed their opinions. Now this form of BBS is rare, the only one The one exception is FidoNet. There are still nearly a million loyal users around the world. The first domestic BBS created by Roy Luo, Beijing Great Wall Station, is still serving external users.

The above-mentioned BBS only needs a PC with RS-232C serial port, a telephone line and a Modem. The software used includes a Chinese character system (usually using UCDOS, Tianhui or Chaoxiang under the DOS environment. It can also be used Windows or Win95), a communication software (Terminate, QModem, Telix, ProComm Plus 2.1 for Windows) and an offline letter reader (BlueWave, Chinese name is Blue Wave Express) without first connecting to an ISP or connecting via LAN Go to the Internet.

The other is based on the Internet. Users must first connect to the Internet, and then use a Telnet software (Telnet, Hyperterminal) to log in to a BBS site. This method greatly increases the number of users who can go to the station at the same time. This makes it possible for direct discussion among many people. Many universities in China use this method of BBS. The most famous one is probably "Shuimu Tsinghua University" (address: bbs.tsinghua.edu.cn, IP: 202.112.58.200), "Hongyan Chuanqing" of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (address: nk1.ubpt.edu.cn, IP: 202.112.101.44), "Peking University Weiming Station" (IP: 162.105.176.202 ), "Sun Moon Guanghua" of Fudan University (address: bbs.fudan.sh.cn, IP: 202.120.224.9), etc. These sites are connected to the Internet through dedicated lines. Users can access these BBSs through Telnet as long as they are connected to the Internet. Each site can have 200 people online at the same time. This is not possible with amateur BBS.

Now many users are more accustomed to BBS which may be based on the Web. Users only need to connect to the Internet and directly use the browser to use BBS, read other users' messages, and express their opinions. Most of these BBSs are commercial BBSs, which are mainly based on technical services or professional discussions. For example, the Stone Chinese Online Forum (www.srsnet.com/richtalk) is divided into multiple topics. The discussion topics are "talking about the world" and "computer players" "The most exciting", Hexun Stock Market Forum (http://www.homeway.cn.net/html/gslt/, mainly discussing stock market issues), etc. This method is simple and fast, and there are almost no user restrictions. It is the future The main development direction of BBS, and BBS of many domestic universities are also moving in this direction.

Internet service role

The reason why BBS is welcomed by the majority of netizens is inseparable from its unique form and powerful functions. Many unique functions can be achieved by using BBS.

BBS originally meant "electronic bulletin board", but due to the increasing needs of users, BBS is not just an electronic bulletin board, it roughly includes the letter discussion area, document exchange area, information notice area and interactive discussion area. .

Letter discussion area:

This is one of the main functions of BBS. Including various academic discussion areas, troubleshooting areas and chat areas, etc. In these information areas, the users of the station leave the letters that they want to communicate with others, such as their experience and experience in the use of various software and hardware, astronomy, medicine, sports, games, etc.

At present, domestic amateur BBS has already opened dozens of user chat areas, software discussion areas, hardware discussion areas, HAM radio, Internet technology discussions, Windows 95 discussions, music and audio discussions, computer game discussions, fan world, military world and joke area Each unique letter area.

Internet Service File Exchange

This is a feature that makes BBS users' heart. In general BBS stations, most of them have a file area for communication, which contains a large number of software partitions according to different themes. Some BBS stations also have a CD-ROM area, which makes computer players Treasuries are rushing. Numerous shareware and free software can be obtained through BBS, which not only enables users to obtain suitable software, but also makes the efforts of software developers recognized by the public.

BBS will play an irreplaceable role in promoting the development of domestic Shareware. The main file service areas provided by domestic BBS are BBS station building, communication programs, network tools, Internet programs, encryption and decryption tools, multimedia programs, computer games, virus control, images, creative publishing, and user uploading.

Information notice area:

This is the most basic function of BBS. Some intentional webmasters will put a lot of information on their own platforms. Such as how to use BBS, introduction of domestic BBS stations, introduction of some popular software, BBS user statistics, etc .; users will even receive a warm "congratulation" from the webmaster on their birthday, making you feel that BBS is big The warmth of the family; BBS also provides an online game function, users can play games (such as go to the bank) when chatting, and BBS will automatically calculate the list of rich men.

Multi-line conversation:

Multi-line BBS can do instant online chat with other users who are on the station at the same time. There are also many changes to this function, such as ICQ, Chat, Netmeeting, etc. Some can only have text conversations, and some can even have voice conversations directly.

The future of Internet services

In the development process of the past 20 years, BBS has also appeared in many new forms. For example, the difference between BBS and Usenet is getting smaller and smaller, and offline BBS and Usenet are used in almost the same way. New forms on the Internet such as ICQ, Chat, Netmeeting, and InternetPhone allow network users to have direct conversations. Perhaps in the not-too-distant future, with the continuous improvement of network transmission speeds, netizens can not only hear each other's voices, but also see each other's voices and smiles.

An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides Internet connectivity. Internet service providers (ISPs) are found around the world. To connect to the Internet, dial in a phone number and log in to a remote system. Once connected, you can access the Internet and any other services provided by your ISP, such as email. There is usually a fee to apply for a commercial ISP.

There are several ways to set up an Internet account using an ISP. They include:

Find a list of ISPs by phone.

A program such as MSN may already be installed on your computer for a well-known ISP.

Your computer may come with one or more CD-ROMs containing this information. To connect to one of the ISPs, insert the CD into the drive and follow the online instructions.

Because connecting to the Internet requires renting an international channel, its cost cannot be borne by ordinary users. As an intermediary to provide connection services, Internet access providers need to invest a lot of funds to establish transfer stations, rent international channels and a large number of local telephone lines, purchase a series of computer equipment, and use centralized and distributed pressure to reach local users. Provide shuttle service. In a sense, IAP is the only way for hundreds of millions of users around the world to reach the Internet. Internet content providers publish comprehensive or specialized information on the Internet and earn profits by charging advertising fees and user registration fees

Find your ISP using the Windows XP Reference Service.

If you have an Internet account on another computer and you want to use the same settings to connect this computer to the Internet, you can use one of the following methods:

Call your ISP for settings to connect to its service.

Visit the ISP web page for settings.

Run the File and Settings Transfer Wizard. The wizard guides you through transferring files from your old computer to your new computer.