What Is a Machine Check Exception?

Computer system fault detection includes operating system, file structure, software system features, etc., and also involves hardware knowledge. During the inspection, both dynamic power-on detection and static breakpoint detection are required. As a computer technician, the key is to have clear thinking and accurate judgment ability for fault analysis on the premise of mastering relevant knowledge.

1.Distinguish between software failure and hardware failure

When the power is turned on, a self-test can be performed, and the system configuration status after the self-test can be displayed. The hardware of the computer system is basically free of problems. The failure is caused by software.

2. Determine whether the operating system or application software is faulty.

If the system software is faulty, you may need to reinstall the operating system. If the application software is faulty, you should adjust the application software installation.

3.Check steps for hardware failure

If it is a hardware failure, it is necessary to first distinguish between the host failure or the external device failure, that is, from the system to the device, and then from the device to the component; from system to device refers to the determination of the host, keyboard,

Direct observation of fault detection

The direct observation method is to determine the cause of the failure through the human sense organs such as the eyes, hands, ears, and nose. It is a simple but effective method.

The normal temperature of the general device on the computer should not be too high on the device case. You can touch it with your hands. If you feel hot, it indicates that the device may have problems and you can replace it.

Observe whether there are broken wires or other residual debris on the circuit board, whether there is a short circuit, whether the component is burnt or cracked, whether the writing on the component is faded or yellow, etc., and use this to determine whether the component has problem.

Familiar with the sounds made by some hardware when it is working normally. When the computer works abnormally, judge what kind of failure occurs according to the sound. In other cases, especially if the fan, floppy disk drive, and hard disk drive and other components are faulty, the sound they make is abnormal, etc. After hearing the abnormal sound, shut down and check to determine the cause of the failure in time.

Fault detection swap method

The swap method is to replace the faulty object with a normal board or accessory, and observe the change of the fault to determine the scope of the fault. If the fault disappears after the replacement, it indicates that there is a problem with the replaced card or accessory; if the fault persists, it indicates that the fault has nothing to do with the replaced card or accessory.

Fault detection, tapping and hand pressing

The method of tapping and pressing is to tap the board which may be faulty by hand. For the occasional and transient failures that occur when the computer is running, it may be caused by poor contact of components or components, loose plug-in pins, and increased contact resistance caused by metal oxidation. The appearance of such a fault can be achieved by percussion or hand pressure. Tap on the suspicious parts to observe the failure of the machine, which can help to locate the fault; you can also press the suspicious board or card by hand to restart the machine and see if the fault can be eliminated. If the display of the monitor sometimes disappears when you turn it on, you can plug the connection socket between the monitor and the host first. If it does not improve, you can open the case, compress the graphics card, and then plug the connection cable. Sometimes Can resolve the above problems.

Fault detection

The plug-in method is a method to find the cause of the failure by pulling out and inserting the card. Sometimes after a computer failure, it is not easy to immediately determine which board the fault occurred. This is because in some cases, the corresponding fault phenomenon is the same when different board faults occur. At this time, it is necessary to further narrow down the scope of finding faulty components, and the plug-in method is an effective fault location method.

Fault detection exchange method

In microcomputers, there are usually plug-ins or integrated circuit chips with the same functions. The exchange method uses this feature to exchange the same plug-in boards or components with each other to observe the change of the fault to determine the location of the fault. For example, when there is some fault in the memory, there may be several memory sticks on the general machine. You can observe the change of the fault by exchanging their positions to help locate the fault.

Fault detection software diagnostics

Software diagnostics uses a diagnostic program to detect computer failures. There are two main methods of this method: one is to test by the boot-up self-test program in the ROM; the other is to use the advanced fault diagnosis program to perform the test after the computer starts normally.

Integrated Fault Detection

The failure phenomenon of microcomputers is sometimes more complicated, and it is not always possible to find the cause of the failure by using one of the specific methods introduced above. The comprehensive method is that when a certain method cannot be used to find the fault point, several methods in the above methods are integrated to detect and find the fault, so that the fault location and the cause of the fault can be found out smoothly. ^[3]